PD-1 cis-targeted IL-2v in combination with radiotherapy inhibits lung cancer growth and remodels the immune microenvironment.

Background: More efficient therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are needed as the survival at 5 years of metastatic disease is near zero. In this regard, we used a preclinical model of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (SV2-OVA) to assess the safety and efficacy of novel radio-immunotherapy combining hypofractionated radiotherapy (HRT) with muPD1-IL2v immunocytokine and muFAP-CD40 bispecific antibody.

Methods: We evaluated the changes in the lung immune microenvironment at multiple timepoints following combination therapies and investigated their underlying antitumor mechanisms.

The ReAct project: Analysis of data from 23 different laboratories to characterise DNA recovery given two sets of activity level propositions.

The ReAct (Recovery, Activity) project is an ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) supported initiative comprising a large consortium of laboratories. Here, the results from more than 23 laboratories are presented. The primary purpose was to design experiments simulating typical casework circumstances; collect data and to implement Bayesian networks to assess the value (i.

Genetic ancestry superpopulations show distinct prevalence and outcomes across pediatric central nervous system tumors from the PBTA and PNOC.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors lead to cancer-related mortality in children. Genetic ancestry-associated cancer prevalence and outcomes have been studied, but is limited.

Methods: We performed genetic ancestry prediction in 1,452 pediatric patients with paired normal and tumor whole genome sequencing from the Open Pediatric Cancer (OpenPedCan) project to evaluate the influence of reported race and ethnicity and ancestry-based genetic superpopulations on tumor histology, molecular subtype, survival, and treatment.

Third Proceedings of The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC): Consensus Statement on Trial Design for Airway Stenosis.

Importance: Airway stenosis is a rare but debilitating disorder that significantly degrades the quality of life in affected patients. Treatments are primarily surgical, and disease management lacks established medical therapies. The North American Airway Collaborative held its third symposium at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 15, 2024, focused on strategies to advance the care of these patients.

Crown ether functionalization boosts CO electroreduction to ethylene on copper-based MOFs.

The electroconversion of CO into ethylene (CH) offers a promising solution to environmental and energy challenges. Crown ether (CE) modification significantly enhances the CH selectivity of copper-based MOFs, improving CH faradaic efficiency (FE) in CuBTC, CuBDC, and CuBDC-NH by 3.1, 1.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Decarbonization Potential of Global Fired Clay Brick Production.

Fired clay bricks (FCBs) are a dominant building material globally due to their low cost and simplicity of production, especially in low- and middle-income countries. With a projected rising housing demand, commensurate growth in brick demand is anticipated, the production of which could result in significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Robust models are needed to estimate brick demand and emissions to systematically address decarbonization pathways.

Downregulation of MerTK in circulating T cells of patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To explore the differential gene expression in peripheral blood immune cells of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), comparing those with and without non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: From a pool of 126 potential participants, 60 were selected for detailed analysis. This group included 12 healthy donors (HDs), 22 individuals with DM, and 26 with NPDR.

Utilizing the renal and vertebral contours as landmarks for right adrenal vein localization in primary aldosteronism: a retrospective analysis of 310 cases.

Background: Adrenal Vein Sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for categorizing primary aldosteronism (PA). However, catheterization of the right adrenal vein (RAV) can be technically challenging. This study aimed to investigate the validity of the right renal vertebral contour as fluoroscopic landmarks to help RAV orifice localization during AVS.

Case report: Looking for relationship between type 1 diabetes and chronic recurrent osteomyelitis: short literature review and case presentation.

Background: Childhood autoimmune disorders involve the immune system attacking its own tissues, leading to varied symptoms, while autoinflammatory disorders result from innate immune system dysregulation, both requiring extensive diagnosis and multidisciplinary management due to their complexity.

Case Presentation: We present a unique clinical case of a teenager with a combination of autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders. The initial manifestation of hip pain, coupled with progressive symptoms over several years and findings in multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, culminated in the diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO).

Intestinal rearrangement of biliopancreatic limbs, alimentary limbs, and common limbs in obese type 2 diabetic mice after duodenal jejunal bypass surgery.

Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), yet the precise mechanisms underlying its effectiveness remain incompletely understood. While previous research has emphasized the role of rearrangement of the gastrointestinal anatomy, gaps persist regarding the specific impact on the gut microbiota and barriers within the biliopancreatic, alimentary, and common limbs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on obese T2DM mice.

Association between Metrnl and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major cause of atherosclerosis, as well as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular adverse events. We aimed to evaluate the association of serum Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) level with carotid atherosclerosis as determined by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) status in subjects with T2DM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 83 T2DM subjects without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases.

Elucidating the causal relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites, and diabetic nephropathy in European patients: Revelations from genome-wide bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis.

Objective: Previous observational studies suggest a potential link between gut microbiota, metabolites, and diabetic nephropathy. However, the exact causal relationship among these factors remains unclear.

Method: We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using summary statistics from the IEU OpenGWAS Project database to investigate gut microbiota, metabolites, and diabetic nephropathy.

Association between serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among Chinese children with obesity.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. The serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) has been recognized as a novel marker for metabolic diseases, including MASLD. However, all previous studies were performed in adults.

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifies metabolic and immune-related diagnostic biomarkers shared between diabetes and COPD using multi-omics and machine learning.

Background: Diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are prominent global health challenges, each imposing significant burdens on affected individuals, healthcare systems, and society. However, the specific molecular mechanisms supporting their interrelationship have not been fully defined.

Methods: We identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of COPD and diabetes from multi-center patient cohorts, respectively.

Corrigendum: Research progress of gut microbiome and diabetic nephropathy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.

Predictors of HBsAg seroclearance in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleotide analogs plus polyethylene glycol interferon.

Introduction: The minority of the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients received polyethylene glycol interferon (PEG-IFN) combined with nucleotide analogs (NAs) can obtain hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance.

Methods: In order to find out the advantaged population, we retrospectively collected 122 CHB patients treated with NAs alone or NAs plus PEG-IFN for 48 weeks, who were admitted to Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from 2019 to 2024.

Results: We found HBsAg clearance rate in NAs plus PEG-IFN group was 40.

Shared signaling pathways and comprehensive therapeutic approaches among diabetes complications.

The growing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), along with its associated complications, continues to rise. When clinically detected most DM complications are irreversible. It is therefore crucial to detect and address these complications early and systematically in order to improve patient care and outcomes.

Circulating visfatin concentrations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The current study was designed with the aim of conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the circulating levels of visfatin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to healthy individuals.

Methods: Until March 2024, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and Scopus databases. The analysis included case-control studies assessing the association between circulating visfatin and COPD.

Ischemic colitis presenting as a colonic mass: a case report and diagnostic challenges.

Ischemic colitis (IC) is a multifaceted condition that often manifests with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, particularly in older adults with vascular risk factors. Diagnosis is supported by elevated levels of white blood cells, lactate, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Computed tomography (CT) imaging typically reveals wall thickening and fat stranding in watershed areas.

A positive relationship between weight-adjusted waist index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a study on US adolescents.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition in children, underscoring the urgent need for non-invasive markers for early detection in this population.

Methods: We utilized survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020 regarding liver ultrasound transient elastography (LUTE) for the diagnosis of NAFLD (dependent variable), and used multiple logistic regression models to explore the association between weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) and the prevalence of NAFLD in US adolescents. Smoothing curves and threshold effect analyses were used to assess the non-linear association between the independent variables and the dependent variable.

Corrigendum: Combining Charlson comorbidity and VACS indices improves prognostic accuracy for all-cause mortality for patients with and without HIV in the Veterans Health Administration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.

A compound heterozygous mutation causes congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a case report.

Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by severe hereditary ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs 13) deficiency caused by mutations. This rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder is often misdiagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Here, we report a 21-year-old male cTTP patient with a compound heterozygous mutation.

Artificial intelligence in healthcare: transforming patient safety with intelligent systems-A systematic review.

Introduction: Adverse events in hospitals significantly compromise patient safety and trust in healthcare systems, with medical errors being a leading cause of death globally. Despite efforts to reduce these errors, reporting remains low, and effective system changes are rare. This systematic review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical risk management.