It will (never) stop hurting: Do repeated or chronic experiences of exclusion lead to hyper- or hyposensitive psychological responses?

Unlike one-time lab manipulations of exclusion, in real life, many people experience exclusion, from others and from groups, over extended periods, raising the question of whether individuals could, over time, develop hypo- or hypersensitive responses to chronic exclusion. In Study 1, we subjected participants to repeated experiences of inclusion or exclusion (three Cyberball games, time lag of three days, = 194; 659 observations). We find that repeatedly excluded individuals become hypersensitive to inclusion, but not to exclusion.

MWF of the corpus callosum is a robust measure of remyelination: Results from the ReBUILD trial.

Myelin repair is an unrealized therapeutic goal in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Uncertainty remains about the optimal techniques for assessing therapeutic efficacy and imaging biomarkers are required to measure and corroborate myelin restoration. We analyzed myelin water fraction imaging from ReBUILD, a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled (delayed treatment) remyelination trial, that showed a significant reduction in VEP latency in patients with MS.

The ECAT dataset: expert-validated distribution data of endemic and sub-endemic trees of Central Africa (Dem. Rep. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi).

In this data paper, we present a specimen-based occurrence dataset compiled in the framework of the Conservation of Endemic Central African Trees (ECAT) project with the aim of producing global conservation assessments for the IUCN Red List. The project targets all tree species endemic or sub-endemic to the Central African region comprising the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), Rwanda, and Burundi. The dataset contains 6361 plant collection records with occurrences of 8910 specimens from 337 taxa belonging to 153 genera in 52 families.

Pre-hospital prediction of adverse outcomes in patients with suspected COVID-19: Development, application and comparison of machine learning and deep learning methods.

Background: COVID-19 infected millions of people and increased mortality worldwide. Patients with suspected COVID-19 utilised emergency medical services (EMS) and attended emergency departments, resulting in increased pressures and waiting times. Rapid and accurate decision-making is required to identify patients at high-risk of clinical deterioration following COVID-19 infection, whilst also avoiding unnecessary hospital admissions.

Social pain by non-social agents: Exclusion hurts and provokes punishment even if the excluding source is a computer.

Prior research has shown that being excluded by computer-agents in experimental exclusion paradigms threatens individuals' basic needs to a similar extent as being excluded by humans. It is less clear, however, why this similarity between computer and human exclusion occurs, and whether it applies only to reactions immediately after the exclusion event (reflexive stage), or also to reactions that occur further downstream (e.g.

"Hot" executive functions are comparable across monolingual and bilingual elementary school children: Results from a study with the Iowa Gambling Task.

Past research found performance differences between monolingual and bilingual children in the domain of executive functions (EF). Furthermore, recent studies have reported advantages in processing efficiency or mental effort in bilingual adults and children. These studies mostly focused on the investigation of "cold" EF tasks.

Improving the Understanding of Low Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure with Augmented Reality.

Low frequency magnetic fields are often present in our everyday life due to the multitude of electronic devices. High magnetic fields can occur in the workplace from a wide variety of machines and systems, which must be measured and evaluated from the point of view of occupational safety. To facilitate the understanding of magnetic fields by supervisors and employees in the workplace, an augmented reality (AR) application was developed to visualize the measured flux densities and the resulting safety distances.

Responses Toward Injustice Shaped by Justice Sensitivity - Evidence From Germany.

Anger, indignation, guilt, rumination, victim compensation, and perpetrator punishment are considered primary responses associated with justice sensitivity (JS). However, injustice and high JS may predispose to further responses. We had = 293 adults rate their JS, 17 potential responses toward 12 unjust scenarios from the victim's, observer's, beneficiary's, and perpetrator's perspectives, and several control variables.

Digital Health Apps in the Context of Dementia: Questionnaire Study to Assess the Likelihood of Use Among Physicians.

Background: Age-related diseases such as dementia are playing an increasingly important role in global population development. Thus, prevention, diagnostics, and interventions require more accessibility, which can be realized through digital health apps. With the app on prescription, Germany made history by being the first country worldwide to offer physicians the possibility to prescribe and reimburse digital health apps as of the end of the year 2020.

Call me maybe: Risk factors of impaired social contact during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with well-being.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused major societal changes worldwide, with the most notable being lockdowns and restrictions on social contact. We conducted a longitudinal study (total n = 1907) in Germany with two time points to (1) identify demographic risk factors of impaired social contact during the pandemic, as well as investigate potential consequences of (2) impaired social contact and (3) different modes of communication on individuals' well-being during the first lockdown in spring 2020. Results indicate that particularly individuals living alone and being unable to work reported a lower frequency of (face-to-face) contact in comparison with participants living with others or working.

Reactions and Feelings to a Close Relative's Coming Out in a Heterosexual Relationship.

Which different feelings and reactions do different family members show if an adult family member who has long been perceived as heterosexual discloses their sexual identity as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB)? Previous studies have investigated reactions of spouses and sometimes children in the United States. This article describes the findings of qualitative interviews and a German-language quantitative survey ( = 188) in which family members were asked about their emotions, experiences during the coming out process, and their use of support options. The samples were recruited via different LGB+ online forums and organizations in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (age = 44.

Depressed and excluded: Do depressive symptoms moderate recovery from ostracism?

Background: Prior studies show that depressed individuals react with more immediate reflexive need threat to ostracism than healthy controls. However, it remains unclear whether the observed difference between depressed individuals and healthy controls is caused by ostracism. To find out, the exclusion condition needs to be compared to a baseline condition: inclusion.

Changes in quality of life, depression, general anxiety, and heart-focused anxiety after defibrillator implantation.

Aims: The Anxiety-CHF (Anxiety in patients with Chronic Heart Failure) study investigated heart-focused anxiety (HFA, with the dimensions fear, attention, and avoidance of physical activity), general anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with heart failure. Psychological measures were assessed before and up to 2 years after the implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) with or without cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D).

Methods And Results: One hundred thirty-two patients were enrolled in this monocentric prospective study (44/88 CRT-D/ICD, mean age 61 ± 14 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 31 ± 9%, and 29% women).

"Just One More Rep!" - Ability to Predict Proximity to Task Failure in Resistance Trained Persons.

In resistance training, the use of predicting proximity to momentary task failure (MF, i.e., maximum effort), and repetitions in reserve scales specifically, is a growing approach to monitoring and controlling effort.

Preschoolers' Induction of the Concept of Material Kind to Make Predictions: The Effects of Comparison and Linguistic Labels.

Analogical reasoning by comparison is considered a special case of inductive reasoning, which is fundamental to the scientific method. By reasoning analogically, learners can abstract the underlying commonalities of several entities, thereby ignoring single objects' superficial features. We tested whether different task environments designed to trigger analogical reasoning by comparison would support preschoolers' induction of the concept of material kind to predict and explain objects' floating or sinking as a central aspect of scientific reasoning.

The Impact of a Construction Play on 5- to 6-Year-Old Children's Reasoning About Stability.

Theory: Young children have an understanding of basic science concepts such as stability, yet their theoretical assumptions are often not concerned with stability. The literature on theory theory and theory-evidence coordination suggests that children construct intuitive theories about their environment which can be adjusted in the face of counterevidence that cannot be assimilated into the prior theory. With increasing age, children acquire a Center theory when balancing objects and try to balance every object at their middle, succeeding with symmetrical objects.

The experience of ostracism over the adult life span.

Ostracism, that is, being excluded and ignored by others, is a highly painful and threatening experience for individuals. Most empirical research on ostracism has been carried out in the lab or focused on samples in specific contexts. Here, we investigate the effects of age on how individuals experience ostracism within a broad, representative sample of the adult German population (the Socio-Economic Panel).

Research Review: Recommendations for reporting on treatment trials for child and adolescent anxiety disorders - an international consensus statement.

Background: Anxiety disorders in children and young people are common and bring significant personal and societal costs. Over the last two decades, there has been a substantial increase in research evaluating psychological and pharmacological treatments for anxiety disorders in children and young people and exciting and novel research has continued as the field strives to improve efficacy and effectiveness, and accessibility of interventions. This increase in research brings potential to draw together data across studies to compare treatment approaches and advance understanding of what works, how, and for whom.

Attitudes About Informed Consent: An Exploratory Qualitative Analysis of UK Psychotherapy Trainees.

Ethical informed consent to psychotherapy has recently been the subject of in-depth analysis among healthcare ethicists. This study aimed to explore counseling and psychotherapy students' views and understanding about informed consent to psychological treatments. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 10 students enrolled in a Masters course in counseling and psychotherapy at a British university.

Do German Children Differ? A Validation of Conners Early Childhood™.

The present study aimed to validate the German version of the Conners Early Childhood (EC)™ among German-speaking children. A total of 720 parental and 599 childcare provider ratings of 2- to 6-year-old children were surveyed throughout Germany. Validity was assessed by calculating exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), and a series of multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) to analyze associations between Conners EC™ symptom ratings and sociodemographic variables.

Interindividual Differences in the Sensitivity for Consequences, Moral Norms, and Preferences for Inaction: Relating Basic Personality Traits to the CNI Model.

Research on moral decision making usually focuses on two ethical principles: the principle of (= morality of an action is determined by its consequences) and the principle of (= morality of an action is valued according to the adherence to moral norms regardless of the consequences). Criticism on traditional moral dilemma research includes the reproach that consequences and norms are confounded in standard paradigms. As a remedy, a multinomial model (the CNI model) was developed to disentangle and measure sensitivity to consequences (), sensitivity to moral norms (), and general preference for inaction versus action ().

Male Majority, Female Majority, or Gender Diversity in Organizations: How Do Proportions Affect Gender Stereotyping and Women Leaders' Well-Being?

Whereas popular wisdom often centers on character differences between women and men when explaining work-related behavior, Kanter (1977) predicted that the proportion of women and men present in organizations is the crucial factor: With unequal proportions, women (similar to other minority persons) are singled out as "tokens" and gender becomes salient, which has been theorized to have a range of negative consequences. In contrast, if proportions of women and men are similar (i.e.

Gender-Specific Covariations between Competencies, Interest and Effort during Science Learning in Virtual Environments.

Women are still underrepresented in engineering courses although some German universities offer separate women's engineering courses which include virtual STEM learning environments. To outline information about fundamental aspects relevant for virtual STEM learning, one has to reveal which similarities both genders in virtual learning show. Moreover, the question arises as to whether there are in fact differences in the virtual science learning of female and male learners.

Traditional Masculinity and Femininity: Validation of a New Scale Assessing Gender Roles.

Gender stereotype theory suggests that men are generally perceived as more masculine than women, whereas women are generally perceived as more feminine than men. Several scales have been developed to measure fundamental aspects of gender stereotypes (e.g.