: where do we stand in our battle against this oral pathogen?

Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are inflammatory diseases triggered by pathogenic bacteria that lead to damage of the soft tissue and bone supporting the teeth. Amongst the identified oral periodontopathogenic bacteria, is able to enhance oral dysbiosis, which is an imbalance in the beneficial commensal and periodontal pathogenic bacteria that induces chronic inflammation. Given the critical role of oral pathogenic bacteria like in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, local and/or systemic antibacterial therapy has been suggested to treat this disease, especially in its severe or refractory forms.