Indirect Effects of Perceived Stress and Depression on the Relationship Between Insomnia Symptoms and Hazardous Drinking.

Insomnia is a risk factor for hazardous drinking, yet the mechanisms underlying this risk are not well characterized. Two factors that might contribute to the relationship between insomnia and drinking are stress and depression. Insomnia is strongly associated with increased stress and depression, which are, in turn, strongly linked to hazardous drinking.

Automated estimation of individualized organ-specific dose and noise from clinical CT scans.

Radiation dose and diagnostic image quality are opposing constraints in x-ray CT. Conventional methods do not fully account for organ-level radiation dose and noise when considering radiation risk and clinical task. In this work, we develop a pipeline to generate individualized organ-specific dose and noise at desired dose levels from clinical CT scans.

Gender, Marital, and Parental Barriers to Pursuing Gastroenterology Fellowship: A Multicenter Analysis of a National Survey and Actionable Solutions.

Introduction: Female gastroenterologists comprise 19% of the gastroenterology (GI) workforce, despite females making up 30% of GI fellows and over 50% of medical students in the USA. Barriers to pursuing GI fellowship have not been studied at the resident level. We aimed to determine multiple barriers that may prevent internal medicine (IM) residents from pursuing GI fellowship.

Influence of deception of task duration on the sex-specific physiological responses to RPE-clamp cycle ergometry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-specific influence of expected exercise duration on the physiological responses to RPE-clamp exercise anchored to RPE 15 with participants being deceived into believing the RPE-clamp exercise would last for 20-, 30-, or 40-min, but all trials were 30-min.

Methods: Twelve males and 12 females completed a graded exercise test followed by randomly ordered RPE-clamp trials at RPE15 on the Borg 6-20 scale where subjects were deceived into expecting exercise to last for either 20-, 30-, or 40-min, but the actual duration for each trial was 30-min. Separate 2 (Sex [Male vs.

New developments in immunotherapy for SCLC.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive form of neuroendocrine neoplasm known for its striking initial response to treatment, followed by fast relapse and refractoriness in response to additional lines of therapy. New advances in immunotherapy are paving the way for more effective treatment strategies and have promising results with early clinical trial data. While SCLC rarely harbors actionable mutations, the receptor DLL3 is extensively present in SCLC, making it a potential target for immunotherapy.

A qualitative analysis of PA leaders in Kentucky.

Objective: To describe Kentucky's physician associate/assistant (PA) leadership pathway and provide advice for individual leadership trajectories.

Methods: A qualitative study using semistructured interviews and inductive coding methodology to identify themes of PA leaders.

Results: Participants were primarily female (76.

Glucarpidase for Treatment of High-Dose Methotrexate Toxicity.

High-dose methotrexate (MTX) results in high rates of acute kidney injury (AKI), neutropenia, and hepatotoxicity. Glucarpidase is a recombinant enzyme that cleaves MTX, but clinical data supporting its use are scarce. We examined the association between glucarpidase administration and outcomes in adults with MTX-AKI from 28 cancer centers across the U.

Maintenance treatment of catatonia with benzodiazepines: A case series and literature review.

Objective: Benzodiazepines, particularly lorazepam, are good options for acute catatonia treatment. Published catatonia literature on benzodiazepine maintenance treatment and benzodiazepine tolerance is limited.

Methods: This is a chart review covering 30 years of clinical experience in the state of Kentucky, (United States of America), where there was no easy access to electroconvulsive therapy.

Reduced White Matter Damage and Lower Neuroinflammatory Potential of Microglia and Macrophages in Hri/Eif2ak1 Mice After Contusive Spinal Cord Injury.

Cellular stressors inhibit general protein synthesis while upregulating stress response transcripts and/or proteins. Phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α by one of the several stress-activated kinases is a trigger for such signaling, known as the integrated stress response (ISR). The ISR regulates cell survival and function under stress.

What does a Trump presidency mean for maternal and infant health in Africa?

It is sometimes said that when America sneezes, the world catches a cold. The opposite scenario may also apply: a healthy and progressive American economy and democracy provides needed resources and hope to many parts of the world, including Africa. Four years ago, we wrote an optimistic message in this journal.

Patterns in mortality associated with heart failure and lung cancer among older adults in the United States: An analysis of 20 years.

Background: Despite an established association between heart failure (HF) and lung cancer (LC), there is limited evidence available regarding mortality patterns among the older (≥65 years) population in the United States.

Methods: The mortality data, spanning 1999 to 2019, was surveyed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database with HF and LC identified as underlying or contributing causes of death. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) were calculated per 100,000 individuals.

Medical mistrust and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and behavior: Findings from a population-based cohort study in Michigan.

Background: Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines has stalled in the U.S. Some studies suggest that medical mistrust may be a barrier, but evidence is limited due to cross-sectional designs or convenience sampling.

Estimating the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in U.S. Veterans Using the SMART Risk Score.

Background: Estimation of long-term risk for cardiovascular events using the SMART (Secondary Manifestations of Arterial Disease) risk score can be potentially valuable in devising risk mitigation strategies.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to apply the SMART risk score to compute the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the U.S.

Serotype Distribution Among US Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, 2019-2020.

Background: Serotype-specific urinary antigen detection (UAD) assay results can be used to estimate the serotype contribution among adults with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to guide recommendations regarding higher-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).

Methods: Adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with radiographic evidence of CAP were prospectively enrolled in 4 US cities from November 2019 to December 2020, overlapping the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were collected by patient interview and medical chart review.

Brief Report: Precision Language and Deletion of the "S" Word.

Introduction: In 2021, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) published the IASLC Language Guide as guidance on preferred language and phrasing in oral and written communications, including presentations at conferences. This study analyzed presentations from the 2022 IASLC World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) one year after implementation of the Language Guide to identify adoption rates of non-stigmatizing language and to determine correlations with presenter characteristics.

Methods: We downloaded 522 slide presentations from the IASLC WCLC 2022 conference attendee portal.

The Effect of Magnesium Concentration on Myogenic Cardiac Function: Larval .

The heart of larval serves as a model preparation in addressing cardiac function, as known genetic mutations can be mimicked to examine therapies. Pharmacological agents and function of proteins, like TRPA1, which affect ionic transport and ion concentrations can be investigated for their action on cardiac function in this model. To maintain function, the larval heart tube needs to remain viable; thus, a physiological saline is required.

CFD-Based Hemolysis Study of Fontan Cavopulmonary Assist Device Using Kriging Surrogate Modeling.

Background: Predicting hemolysis numerically based on the power-law model using idealized coefficients obtained from simplified devices yields a large variability in hemolysis index predictions. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based Kriging surrogate modeling approach, developed by Craven et al. at the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), was applied to a Fontan cavopulmonary assist device (CPAD) to generate device-specific hemolysis power-law coefficients.

Impact of chronic ethanol consumption and SARS-COV-2 on the liver and intestine: A pilot dose-response study in mice.

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a marked increase in alcohol consumption. COVID-19 superimposed on underlying liver disease notably worsens the outcome of many forms of liver injury. The goal of a current pilot study was to test the dual exposure of alcohol and COVID-19 infection in an experimental animal model of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD).

A review of literature of a functional, congenital intrathoracic kidney.

Introduction: The rarest form of renal ectopia, the thoracic kidney, has been documented in only about 200 cases worldwide. There are four recognized causes of congenital thoracic renal ectopia: renal ectopia with an intact diaphragm, diaphragmatic eventration, diaphragmatic hernia, and traumatic diaphragmatic rupture. This condition often presents as an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients.

Association of Blood Pressure and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Rates of Thinning in Patients with Moderate to Advanced Glaucoma.

Purpose: Investigate the influence of baseline blood pressure (BP) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) rates of change (RoC) in glaucoma patients with central damage or moderate to severe disease.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: 110 eyes with ≥4 RNFL optical coherence tomography scans and ≥2 years of follow-up.

Comparative species delimitation of a biological conservation icon.

The United States Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 set a precedent for biodiversity conservation across the globe. A key requirement of protections afforded by the ESA is the accurate delimitation of imperiled species. We present a comparative reference-based taxonomic approach to species delimitation that integrates genomic and morphological data for objectively assessing the distinctiveness of species targeted for protection by governmental agencies.

Damage Control Surgery in the Era of Globalization of Health Care - Military and International Outcomes: A SystematicReview.

Introduction: Damage Control Surgery (DCS) is a surgical technique used to manage critically ill and injured patients. This study examines the most recent 10-y outcomes related to DCS, with the secondary goal of scrutinizing the outcomes after DCS across surgical theaters.

Methods: Studies published between 2012 and 2021 that described adult patients undergoing Abdominal DCS after traumatic injury were included.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.