Electronic Monitoring Of Mom's Schedule (eMOMS): Recruitment of pregnant populations with elevated BMI in a feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Underrepresentation of pregnant populations in randomized controlled trials of lifestyle change interventions is concerning due to high attrition and providers' limited clinical time. The purpose of this evaluative study was to assess intervention uptake of pregnant individuals enrolled in a three-arm feasibility randomized controlled trial, electronic Monitoring Of Mom's Schedule (eMOMS), examining lifestyle changes and lactation support alone, and in combination. Measures included: (1) participation and completion rates, and characteristics of intervention completers versus other eligible participants; and (2) provider experiences with screening and enrolling pregnant participants.

Falls Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic Compared to a Pre-pandemic Period: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted older adults admitted to the hospital with fall-related injuries. This research sought to determine if there was a difference in patient characteristics and hospital outcomes among older adults with fall-related injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a non-pandemic period.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients 65 years or older admitted for traumatic falls before and during COVID-19 was undertaken.

Should Infants with Blunt Traumatic Brain Injuries and Intracranial Hemorrhage Have Routine Repeat Imaging?

Introduction: The practice of repeat head CT imaging in infants as a distinct population is poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and utility of repeat head CT in the infant population.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective review was conducted of infants with blunt traumatic head injuries (N = 50) that presented to a trauma center.

Seven Mechanistically Different Classes of Medications Can Be Used to Treat Insomnia and Related Sleep Disorders.

This column reviews the neurobiology of the sleep-wake cycle as it is currently known, the 7 classes of currently available sleep-enhancing medications, and how their mechanisms of action relate to the neurobiology of sleep. Clinicians can use this information to select medications for their patients, which is particularly important because some patients respond to some of these medications but not others, or tolerate some but not others. This knowledge can also help the clinician switch among classes when a medication that was initially efficacious begins to fail a patient.

Coronoid Fracture Reconstruction with Ipsilateral Olecranon Osteoarticular Autograft in the Acute Setting: A Case Report.

Case: An 18-year-old male polytrauma patient sustained a high-energy posterior fracture dislocation of his left elbow associated with a comminuted and irreparable O'Driscoll type 2 subtype 3 anteromedial facet coronoid fracture. He underwent early coronoid reconstruction using ipsilateral olecranon osteoarticular autograft with incorporation of the sublime tubercle attachment of the medial collateral ligament and repair of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. A 3-year follow-up revealed a functional, painless, congruent, and stable elbow.

Systemic Therapy in Elderly Patients With Her2/Neu-Positive Breast Cancer: A SEER Database Study.

Background: The use of systemic therapy in elderly patients with Her2/neu-positive breast cancers has been questioned given the potential for cardiac side effects with several of the agents frequently used. This study aimed to evaluate trends in use of systemic therapy in patients 70 years and older.

Methods: The 2010-2016 SEER database was used to collect data on female patients with non-metastatic Her2/neu-positive breast cancer.

Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction in a Patient With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. However, the disease is also known to cause a range of extrapulmonary manifestations, including gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The exact mechanisms by which the virus causes extrapulmonary manifestations are not fully understood, but it is theorized that the virus can enter cells in other organs including the GI tract, through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor.

Myofiber hypertrophy adaptations following 6 weeks of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction in untrained males and females.

The effects of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) on hypertrophy of type I/II myofibers remains unclear, especially in females. The purpose of the present study is to examine changes in type I/II myofiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) and muscle CSA (mCSA) of the vastus lateralis (VL) from before (Pre) to after (Post) 6 wk of high-load resistance training (HL; = 15, 8 females) and low-load resistance training with BFR ( = 16, 8 females). Mixed-effects models were used to analyze fCSA with group (HL, BFR), sex (M, F), fiber type (I, II), and time (Pre, Post) included as factors.

Metabolomic profiling of glucose homeostasis in African Americans: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRAS-FS).

Introduction: African Americans are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: This work aimed to examine metabolomic signature of glucose homeostasis in African Americans.

Methods: We used an untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomic approach to comprehensively profile 727 plasma metabolites among 571 African Americans from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRAS-FS) and investigate the associations between these metabolites and both the dynamic (S, insulin sensitivity; AIR, acute insulin response; DI, disposition index; and S, glucose effectiveness) and basal (HOMA-IR and HOMA-B) measures of glucose homeostasis using univariate and regularized regression models.

Development and content validation of the checklist for assessing placement of a small-bore chest tube (CAPS) for small-bore chest tube placement.

Background: Small-bore chest tube (SBCT) placement via modified Seldinger technique is a commonly performed invasive procedure for treatment of pleural effusion and pneumothorax. When performed suboptimally, it may lead to serious complications. Validated checklists are central to teaching and assessing procedural skills and may result in improved health care quality.

Equity and behavioral digital health interventions: Strategies to improve benefit and reach.

Background: Behavioral digital health interventions (e.g., mobile apps, websites, wearables) have been applied widely to improve health outcomes.

Reverse Engineering Drugs: Lorcaserin as an Example.

Novel central nervous system (CNS)-based therapies have been difficult to produce due to the complexity of the brain, limited knowledge of CNS-based disease development and associated pathways, difficulty in penetrating the blood brain barrier, and a lack of reliable biomarkers of disease. Reverse engineering in drug development allows the utilization of new knowledge of disease pathways and the use of innovative technology to develop medications with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicities. Lorcaserin was developed as a specific 5HT serotonin receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity with limited off-target effects at the 5HT and 5HT receptors.

Discovery of New Transmitter Systems and Hence New Drug Targets.

The development of medications used to treat psychiatric conditions has largely proceeded through serendipity, where a potential drug to treat mental illness is identified by chance. This approach is based on a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of mental illness and brain disorders. Identification of novel neurotransmitter systems has allowed for new molecular-based approaches for drug development that identify specific receptor targets to treat a specific symptom.

Can the Publication of Case Series or Case Reports Lead to a Change in Clinical Practice?

This column provides some criteria for evaluating whether a case series or case report may warrant publication. It will emphasize the value of having biomarker data in addition to clinical data to enhance the potential validation of the report and provide ways to test the findings in randomized, controlled clinical trials (RCTs). The potential validity of the case series or report is also high if the outcome is something that would not normally be expected such as, by way of example but not limited to, sudden death or malignant hypertension in someone who had always been normotensive.

Higenamine Promotes Osteogenesis Via IQGAP1/SMAD4 Signaling Pathway and Prevents Age- and Estrogen-Dependent Bone Loss in Mice.

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease caused by an imbalance of bone resorption and formation that results in a loss of total bone density. SMAD2/3 signal transduction is known to play a crucial role in osteogenic differentiation through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). By screening a library of small-molecule compounds, the current study identifies higenamine (HG) as an active osteogenic agent that could be a therapeutic candidate for osteoporosis.