Hepatocyte-Specific Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha (HNF4) Deletion Decreases Resting Energy Expenditure by Disrupting Lipid and Carbohydrate Homeostasis.

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4) is required for hepatocyte differentiation and regulates expression of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism including those that control VLDL secretion and gluconeogenesis. Whereas previous studies have focused on specific genes regulated by HNF4 in metabolism, its overall role in whole-body energy utilization has not been studied. In this study, we used indirect calorimetry to determine the effect of hepatocyte-specific HNF4 deletion (HNF4-KO) in mice on whole-body energy expenditure (EE) and substrate utilization in fed, fasted, and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions.

Ferroptosis and Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity: Are We Going Down Another Rabbit Hole?

Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the US. The mechanisms of APAP-induced liver injury have been under extensive investigations for decades, and many key events of this necrotic cell death are known today. Initially, two opposing hypotheses for cell death were proposed: reactive metabolite and protein adduct formation versus reactive oxygen and lipid peroxidation (LPO).

Acetaminophen Test Battery (ATB): A Comprehensive Method to Study Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury.

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the Western world. Extensive research is ongoing to identify the mechanisms of APAP-induced ALF. APAP-induced acute liver injury is also one of the most commonly studied drug-induced liver injury models in the field of hepatotoxicity.

Advances in the Understanding of Protein-Protein Interactions in Drug Metabolizing Enzymes through the Use of Biophysical Techniques.

In recent years, a growing appreciation has developed for the importance of protein-protein interactions to modulate the function of drug metabolizing enzymes. Accompanied with this appreciation, new methods and technologies have been designed for analyzing protein-protein interactions both and . These technologies have been applied to several classes of drug metabolizing enzymes, including: cytochrome P450's (CYPs), monoamine oxidases (MAOs), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and sulfotransferases (SULTs).

Human Summating Potential Using Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution: Response Amplitudes Vary with Tone Burst Repetition Rate and Duration.

Electrocochleography (ECochG) to high repetition rate tone bursts may have advantages over ECochG to clicks with standard slow rates. Tone burst stimuli presented at a high repetition rate may enhance summating potential (SP) measurements by reducing neural contributions resulting from neural adaptation to high stimulus repetition rates. To allow for the analysis of the complex ECochG responses to high rates, we deconvolved responses using the Continuous Loop Averaging Deconvolution (CLAD) technique.

Corrigendum: Microstructural Abnormalities Were Found in Brain Gray Matter from Patients with Chronic Myofascial Pain.

[This corrects the article on p. 122 in vol. 10, PMID: 28066193.

A Hypothesis for Using Pathway Genetic Load Analysis for Understanding Complex Outcomes in Bilirubin Encephalopathy.

Genetic-based susceptibility to bilirubin neurotoxicity and chronic bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) is still poorly understood. Neonatal jaundice affects 60-80% of newborns, and considerable effort goes into preventing this relatively benign condition from escalating into the development of kernicterus making the incidence of this potentially devastating condition very rare in more developed countries. The current understanding of the genetic background of kernicterus is largely comprised of mutations related to alterations of bilirubin production, elimination, or both.

Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain Computer Interfaces from Preclinical Trials to Use in Human Patients.

Current research in brain computer interface (BCI) technology is advancing beyond preclinical studies, with trials beginning in human patients. To date, these trials have been carried out with several different types of recording interfaces. The success of these devices has varied widely, but different factors such as the level of invasiveness, timescale of recorded information, and ability to maintain stable functionality of the device over a long period of time all must be considered in addition to accuracy in decoding intent when assessing the most practical type of device moving forward.