Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia to enhance cognitive function and reduce the rate of Aβ deposition in older adults with symptoms of insomnia: A single-site randomized pilot clinical trial protocol.

Lifestyle interventions to increase exercise and improve diet have been the focus of recent clinical trials to potentially prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite the strong links between sleep disruptions, cognitive decline, and AD, sleep enhancement has yet to be targeted as a lifestyle intervention to prevent AD. A recent meta-analysis suggests that approximately 15% of AD may be prevented by an efficacious intervention aimed to reduce sleep disturbances and sleep disorders.

Normalization of Cerebral Blood Flow, Neurochemicals, and White Matter Integrity after Kidney Transplantation.

Background: CKD is associated with abnormalities in cerebral blood flow, cerebral neurochemical concentrations, and white matter integrity. Each of these is associated with adverse clinical consequences in the non-CKD population, which may explain the high prevalence of dementia and stroke in ESKD. Because cognition improves after kidney transplantation, comparing these brain abnormalities before and after kidney transplantation may identify potential reversibility in ESKD-associated brain abnormalities.

The IGNITE trial: Participant recruitment lessons prior to SARS-CoV-2.

Full and diverse participant enrollment is critical to the success and generalizability of all large-scale Phase III trials. Recruitment of sufficient participants is among the most significant challenges for many studies. The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has further changed and challenged the landscape for clinical trial execution, including screening and randomization.

Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on cognitive function among non-demented African American and Latino older adults in the USA: a scoping review.

Objective: African Americans and Latinos/Hispanics have a higher prevalence of dementia compared to non-Latino Whites. This scoping review aims to synthesize non-pharmaceutical interventions to delay or slow age-related cognitive decline among cognitively healthy African American and Latino older adults.

Design: A literature search for articles published between January 2000 and May 2019 was performed using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science.

Detection of mitochondria-pertinent components in exosomes.

We screened cell line and plasma-derived exosomes for molecules that localize to mitochondria or that reflect mitochondrial integrity. SH-SY5Y cell-derived exosomes contained humanin, citrate synthase, and fibroblast growth factor 21 protein, and plasma-derived exosomes contained humanin, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1, and transcription factor A protein. Nuclear mitochondrial (NUMT) DNA complicated analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which otherwise suggested exosomes contain at most very low amounts of extended mtDNA sequences but likely contain degraded pieces of mtDNA.

A role for sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?

With the lack of success and increasing urgency for therapies capable of impacting Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its progression, there are increasing efforts to expand testing of new mechanistic hypotheses to attack the disease from different angles. Three such hypotheses are the "Mitochondrial Cascade (MC)" hypothesis, the "Endo-Lysosomal Dysfunction (ELD)" hypothesis and the "Type 3 Diabetes (T3D)" hypothesis. These hypotheses provide a rationale for new pharmacological approaches to address the mitochondrial, endo-lysosomal and metabolic dysfunction associated with AD.

Mitochondrial DNA Manipulations Affect Tau Oligomerization.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction and tau aggregation occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and exposing cells or rodents to mitochondrial toxins alters their tau.

Objective: To further explore how mitochondria influence tau, we measured tau oligomer levels in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells with different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) manipulations.

Methods: Specifically, we analyzed cells undergoing ethidium bromide-induced acute mtDNA depletion, ρ0 cells with chronic mtDNA depletion, and cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines containing mtDNA from AD subjects.

Short-term Psychological Outcomes of Disclosing Amyloid Imaging Results to Research Participants Who Do Not Have Cognitive Impairment.

Importance: The goal of preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical trials is to move diagnosis and treatment to presymptomatic stages, which will require biomarker testing and disclosure.

Objective: To assess the short-term psychological outcomes of disclosing amyloid positron emission tomography results to older adults who did not have cognitive impairment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This observational study included participants who were screening for a multisite randomized clinical trial that began on February 28, 2014, and is anticipated to be completed in 2022.

The mitochondrial hypothesis: Dysfunction, bioenergetic defects, and the metabolic link to Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) features mitochondrial dysfunction and altered metabolism. Other pathologies could drive these changes, or alternatively these changes could drive other pathologies. In considering this question, it is worth noting that perturbed AD patient mitochondrial and metabolism dysfunction extend beyond the brain and to some extent define a systemic phenotype.

Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing.

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. When glucose levels are limited, ketone bodies generated in the liver and lactate derived from exercising skeletal muscle can also become important energy substrates for the brain. In neurodegenerative disorders of ageing, brain glucose metabolism deteriorates in a progressive, region-specific and disease-specific manner - a problem that is best characterized in Alzheimer disease, where it begins presymptomatically.

Effectiveness of "Reducing Disability in Alzheimer's Disease" Among Dyads With Moderate Dementia.

Replications of evidence-based dementia care receiver-caregiver dyad interventions in the community are scarce. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Kansas City implementation of Reducing Disability in Alzheimer's Disease (RDAD) among a convenience sample of dyads with moderate dementia, which addressed needs identified by nine participating community agencies. We hypothesized that dyads' mental health and physical activity outcomes would improve from baseline to end-of-treatment.

We Are Our Sister's Keeper: The Experience of Black Female Clergy Responding to Intimate Partner Violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) affects all populations, regardless of race, education, or socioeconomic status, but Black women experience higher rates of IPV (43.7%) in comparison with White women (34.6%).

Mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease and their potential role in Alzheimer's proteostasis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder characterized by memory loss and the accumulation of two insoluble protein aggregates, tau neurofibrillary tangles and beta-amyloid plaques. Widespread mitochondrial dysfunction also occurs and mitochondria from AD patients display changes in number, ultrastructure, and enzyme activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction in AD presumably links in some way to its other disease characteristics, either as a cause or consequence.

Self-Reported Omega-3 Supplement Use Moderates the Association between Age and Exercising Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Older Adults.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) decreases across the lifespan, and chronic conditions such as dementia and stroke accelerate this decline. Impaired CBF results in reduced delivery of oxygen and nutrients, which can damage the brain over time. Thus, there is a need to identify lifestyle interventions, including diet and exercise, to maintain CBF with aging and in the presence of chronic disease.

Rate of Perceived Exertion and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults with and without Alzheimer's Disease.

Exercise has many benefits for physical and cognitive health in older adults, yet there are many barriers to exercise adherence in this population. Subjective perception of exercise difficulty, or rate of perceived exertion (RPE), may especially be a barrier to exercise in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to changes in initiation and motivation that accompany changes in cognition and brain function. RPE is the most commonly used measure of subjective effort in exercise research, yet the relationship between RPE and objective fitness is not fully understood in older adults.

Stereological Estimation of Cholinergic Fiber Length in the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert of the Mouse Brain.

The length of cholinergic or other neuronal axons in various brain regions are often correlated with the specific function of the region. Stereology is a useful method to quantify neuronal profiles of various brain structures. Here we provide a software-based stereology protocol to estimate the total length of cholinergic fibers in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) of the basal forebrain.

A semi-automated pipeline for fulfillment of resource requests from a longitudinal Alzheimer's disease registry.

Objective: Managing registries with continual data collection poses challenges, such as following reproducible research protocols and guaranteeing data accessibility. The University of Kansas (KU) Alzheimer's Disease Center (ADC) maintains one such registry: Curated Clinical Cohort Phenotypes and Observations (C3PO). We created an automated and reproducible process by which investigators have access to C3PO data.

TCD Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes during Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Older Adults.

Background And Purpose: Exercise plays an important role in supporting overall brain health. However, the mechanisms by which exercise supports brain health are imprecisely defined. Further, brain hemodynamic changes during exercise are not clearly understood, especially in older adults.

A Standardized Anxiety Quotient in Elevated Open Platform Task Quantifies Rodent Anxiogenic Tendency with Improved Reliability and Sensitivity.

Sensitivity and reliability of animal behavioral assessment methods are critical for successful translation of in vitro findings to in vivo. Here we report a data transformation process in the elevated open platform task that generates a novel parameter, namely peak tolerance of fear (PTF) or its inversely correlated equivalent of anxiety quotient (AQ), to measure anxiogenic tendency in rodent. As compared to traditional parameters such as travel distance, time, or entries, PTF or AQ displays largely reduced data dispersion not only ingroup but also cross-study and cross-cohort, therefore representing a significant improvement of the methodology for rodent anxiety assessment.

Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: beyond individual risk factors.

Dementia poses a serious public health threat worldwide. The number of people living with dementia more than doubled between 1990 and 2016, from 20.2 million to 43.

Retention of Alzheimer Disease Research Participants.

Introduction: Participant retention is important to maintaining statistical power, minimizing bias, and preventing scientific error in Alzheimer disease and related dementias research.

Methods: We surveyed representative investigators from NIH-funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRC), querying their use of retention tactics across 12 strategies. We compared survey results to data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center for each center.

Oxylipin Profiling of Alzheimer's Disease in Nondiabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Elderly.

Oxygenated lipids, called "oxylipins," serve a variety of important signaling roles within the cell. Oxylipins have been linked to inflammation and vascular function, and blood patterns have been shown to differ in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Because these factors (inflammation, vascular function, diabetes) are also associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, we set out to characterize the serum oxylipin profile in elderly and AD subjects to understand if there are shared patterns between AD and T2D.