Olaparib Combined With Dacomitinib in Osimertinib-Resistant Brain and Leptomeningeal Metastases From Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report and Systematic Review.

Lung cancer patients with brain and leptomeningeal metastases usually have poor prognosis. For those patients with EGFR mutations, osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is the first choice of treatment. However, drug resistance to osimertinib frequently occurs; and to date, the available follow-up treatment strategies have limited efficacy.

Expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in primary breast tumours and metastatic axillary lymph nodes and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.

The aim of this study was to compare the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in primary breast tumours to that in metastatic axillary lymph nodes and to determine the correlation between the PD-1/PD-L1 status and clinicopathologic characteristics. In total, 47 paired breast tumour and metastatic axillary lymph node samples were collected in this study. Immunohistochemical technology was used to determine the positivity or negativity of PD-1/PD-L1.

LncRNA NEF is downregulated in triple negative breast cancer and correlated with poor prognosis.

LncRNA NEF has been proved to be a tumor suppressor in liver cancer. In the present study, we found that lncRNA NEF was downregulated and miRNA-155 was upregulated in plasma of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients compared with those in controls. These two factors were inversely correlated only in TNBC patients but not in controls.

Low-density lipoprotein promotes lymphatic metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and is an adverse prognostic factor.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prognostic role of preoperative serum lipid levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to preliminarily explore the mechanism of serum lipids in this disease. Preoperative lipids, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels, were assessed in 242 patients with ESCC. To eliminate the influence of nutritional status, all patients had previously undergone esophagectomy.

A basic understanding of Turner syndrome: Incidence, complications, diagnosis, and treatment.

Turner syndrome (TS), also known as Congenital ovarian hypoplasia syndrome, occurs when the X chromosome is partially or completely missing in females. Its main clinical manifestations include growth disorders, reproductive system abnormalities, cardiovascular abnormalities, and autoimmune diseases. TS is highly prevalent in China.

Establishment of a human trisomy 18 induced pluripotent stem cell line from amniotic fluid cells.

Trisomy 18 (18T) is the second most common autosomal trisomy syndrome in humans, but the detailed mechanism of its pathology remains unclear due to the lack of appropriate models of this disease. To resolve this problem, the current study reprogrammed human 18T amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) into an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line by introducing integration-free episomal vectors carrying pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F, pCXLE-hSK, pCXLE-hUL, and pCXWB-EBNA1. The pluripotency of 18T-iPSCs was subsequently validated by alkaline phosphatase staining, detection of iPSC biomarkers using real-time PCR and flow cytometry, detection of embryoid body (EB) formation, and detection of teratoma formation.

Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Wilson's disease.

Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation of the gene, resulting in abnormal copper metabolism. The major clinical features of WD include liver disease, neurological disorders, K-F rings, and osteoporosis. The prevalence of WD in China is higher than that in Western countries.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: Basic understanding and experimental models.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive (FOP) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital malformations of the great toes and progressive heterotopic ossification that can induce a disabling second skeleton. Spontaneously occurring flare-ups can cause inflammatory soft tissue to swell, followed by progressive and disabling heterotopic endochondral ossification. FOP is very rare, with an estimated incidence of one case per two million individuals.

Prognostic significance of lymphatic vessel invasion diagnosed by D2-40 in Chinese invasive breast cancers.

Lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) is promising in determining prognosis and treatment strategies, but the application of LVI as a histopathological criterion in breast cancer patients especially those of different subgroups is controversial. This research aims to evaluate the prognostic value of LVI assessed by D2-40 not only in patients with early invasive breast cancer but also in lymph node-negative, lymph node-positive, luminal A-like, luminal B-like, HER2-enriched, and triple-negative subgroups.The study cohort included 255 patients with a median follow-up of 101 months.

Vinorelbine Plus Gemcitabine or Cisplatin as First-line Treatment of HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of vinorelbine and gemcitabine (NG) versus vinorelbine and cisplatin (NP) in anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated patients with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients were randomly assigned on a 1:1 schedule to receive no more than six cycles of NG or NP. Dosing for the NG group was 25 mg/m vinorelbine and 1,000 mg/m gemcitabine, given on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks; for the NP group,25 mg/m vinorelbine was given on days 1 and 8, and 75 mg/m cisplatin was given on day 1 every 3 weeks.

Changes in hippocampal AMPA receptors and cognitive impairments in chronic ketamine addiction models: another understanding of ketamine CNS toxicity.

Ketamine has been reported to impair human cognitive function as a recreational drug of abuse. However, chronic effects of ketamine on central nervous system need to be further explored. We set out to establish chronic ketamine addiction models by giving mice a three or six month course of daily intraperitoneal injections of ketamine, then examined whether long-term ketamine administration induced cognition deficits and changed hippocampal post-synaptic protein expression in adult mice.

Urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a modeling tool to study rare human diseases.

Rare diseases with a low prevalence are a key public health issue because the causes of those diseases are difficult to determine and those diseases lack a clearly established or curative treatment. Thus, investigating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathology of rare diseases and facilitating the development of novel therapies using disease models is crucial. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are well suited to modeling rare diseases since they have the capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency.

Urolithin A suppresses the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells by mediating estrogen receptor-α-dependent gene expression.

Scope: Obese and overweight women are at high risk of developing endometrial cancer; indeed, many of endometrial cancer patients are obese. The increased number and size of adipocytes due to obesity elevate levels of circulating estrogens that stimulate cell proliferation in the endometrium. However, black raspberries are a promising approach to preventing endometrial cancer.

Tenascin C affects mineralization of SaOS2 osteoblast-like cells through matrix vesicles.

Tenascin C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in osteogenesis and bone mineralization. In a previous study, we identified TNC protein located in the matrix vesicles (MVs) of osteoblasts. MVs are determinant in the mineralization formation.

PRELP (proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein) promotes osteoblastic differentiation of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by regulating the β-catenin pathway.

Proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP) is a collagen-binding proteoglycan highly expressed in the developing bones. Recent studies indicated that PRELP could inhibit osteoclastogenesis as a NF-κB inhibitor. However, its role during osteoblast differentiation is still unclear.

The role of L-type amino acid transporter 1 in human tumors.

L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is an L-type amino acid transporter and transports large neutral amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, and histidine. LAT1 was found to be highly expressed especially in human cancer tissues, and up-regulated LAT1 can lead to dysfunction in human tumor cells. These findings suggest that LAT1 plays an important role in human tumors.

Recovery Profiles of T-Cell Subsets Following Low-Dose Total Body Irradiation and Improvement With Cinnamon.

Purpose: Inefficient T-cell reconstitution from x-ray-induced immune damage reduces antitumor response. To understand the profile of T-cell reconstitution after irradiation will overcome the barrier of antitumor immunity. This study aimed to identify the recovery profile of T-cell subsets following x-ray irradiation and to highlight the role of cinnamon on efficient T-cell restoration postexposure in the antitumor response.

TCM matrine inducescell arrest and apoptosis with recovery expression of the hepato-specific miR122a in human hepatocellular carcinomaHep G2cell line.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 80% to 90% of liver cancers and it is one of the most prevalent carcinomas throughout the world. Traditional chemotherapy is often developed chemoresistance HCC patients.Matrine is an active component oftraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is a promising alternative HCC drug.

A risk factor analysis on disease severity in 47 premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is a rare chronic lung disease and one of the most difficult complications to treat in premature infants. With the progress at the medical treatment level, an increasing number of BPD premature infants are born, meanwhile, they would be at an increasing risk for numerous complications and rehospitalization because BPD affects many vital organ systems. The pathogenesis of BPD is clearly multifactorial.

A systematic review of hereditary spherocytosis reported in Chinese biomedical journals from 1978 to 2013 and estimation of the prevalence of the disease using a disease model.

Epidemiological information of hereditary spherocytosis in China is slight. This systematic review summarizes the number of cases of hereditary spherocytosis reported in China Biology Medicine disc from 1978 to 2013. In total, 2,043 cases were reported in the past 36 years.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuates inorganic phosphate-induced osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in NIH3T3 fibroblasts by inhibiting the ER stress response PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway.

Ectopic ossification occurs in a wide range of common and genetic diseases, but its molecular mechanisms and effective therapeutic targets remain to be clarified. The aim of the study is to investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in ectopic ossification and ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has potential to treat the pathological conditions. In this study, inorganic phosphate (Pi)-induced NIH3T3 fibroblasts induced osteogenesis and mineralization was used as an in vitro model for ectopic ossification.

L-carnitine affects osteoblast differentiation in NIH3T3 fibroblasts by the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.

Fibroblasts in soft tissues are one of the progenitors of ectopic calcification. Our previous experiment found that the serum concentrations of small metabolite L-carnitine (LC) decreased in an ectopic calcification animal model, indicating LC is a potential calcification or mineralization inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the effect of LC on NIH3T3 fibroblast osteoblast differentiation, and explored its possible molecular mechanisms.

Diffusion-weighted imaging in assessing pathological response of tumor in breast cancer subtype to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for reflecting and predicting pathological tumor response in breast cancer subtype to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Materials And Methods: The retrospective study included 176 patients with breast cancer who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations before and after NAC prior to surgery. The pre- and post-NAC apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of tumor were measured respectively on DWI.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: A review of 86 cases in China.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a type of rare hereditary disease that affects connective tissue. PXE is found around the world, and its epidemiology in China is still unclear. A database search revealed that 86 patients in total were reported in China from 1985 to 2013.

The association of HMGB1 expression with clinicopathological significance and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis and literature review.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and it is the second most common cancer-related mortality globally. The prognostic value of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis and literature review to evaluate the association of HMGB1 expression with the prognosis of patients with HCC.