Proton therapy versus conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of cavernous sinus benign meningioma, a randomized controlled phase III study protocol (COG-PROTON-01).

Background: Proton therapy (PRT) is an innovative radiotherapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer with unique ballistic properties. The depth-dose distribution of a proton beam reduces exposure of healthy tissues to radiations, compared with photon-therapy (XRT). To date, only few indications for proton-therapy, like pediatric cancers, chordomas, or intra-ocular neoplasms, are reimbursed by Health systems.

Women Upward-Sex Differences in Uphill Performance in Speed Climbing, Ski Mountaineering, Trail Running, Cross-Country Skiing, and Cycling.

Introduction: Women have generally lower body size and lean- to fat-mass ratio, lower maximal anaerobic power due to a lower muscle mass, and fewer fast-twitch fibers, although they can show higher resistance to fatigue or greater metabolic flexibility than men. These factors are well known and explain the sex differences in endurance sports such as distance running (10%-12%). Several of these factors-particularly the differences in body composition and skeletal-muscle characteristics-may directly impact vertical displacement and uphill performance.

Safety of baricitinib in vaccinated patients with severe and critical COVID-19 sub study of the randomised Bari-SolidAct trial.

Background: The Bari-SolidAct randomized controlled trial compared baricitinib with placebo in patients with severe COVID-19. A post hoc analysis revealed a higher incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) among SARS-CoV-2-vaccinated participants who had received baricitinib. This sub-study aimed to investigate whether vaccination influences the safety profile of baricitinib in patients with severe COVID-19.

Intervention description of pharmacist-facilitated medication reviews in Nordic primary care settings: a scoping review.

Background: Multicomponent interventions are increasingly utilized to tackle the complexity of aging and co-morbid patients. However, descriptions of interventions are generally poor, making it difficult for healthcare providers to implement successful programs.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the completeness of intervention description of pharmacist-facilitated medication reviews (MRs) in Nordic primary care settings.

A hands-free carotid Doppler can identify spontaneous circulation without interrupting cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an animal study.

Background: Identifying spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is challenging. Current methods, which involve intermittent and time-consuming pulse checks, necessitate pauses in chest compressions. This issue is problematic in both in-hospital cardiac arrest and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest situations, where resources for identifying circulation during CPR may be limited.

Experimental and explainable machine learning approach on thermal conductivity and viscosity of water based graphene oxide based mono and hybrid nanofluids.

This study explores the thermal conductivity and viscosity of water-based nanofluids containing silicon dioxide, graphene oxide, titanium dioxide, and their hybrids across various concentrations (0 to 1 vol%) and temperatures (30 to 60 °C). The nanofluids, characterized using multiple methods, exhibited increased viscosity and thermal conductivity compared to water, with hybrid nanofluids showing superior performance. Graphene oxide nanofluids displayed the highest thermal conductivity and viscosity ratios, with increases of 52% and 177% at 60 °C and 30 °C, respectively, for a concentration of 1 vol% compared to base fluid.

Enhanced recovery protocol for congenital duodenal obstruction - initial experiences with development and implementation.

Background: The experience with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols in neonatal intestinal surgery is very limited. We present the development and implementation of an Enhanced Recovery Protocol (ERP) designed specifically for neonates treated for congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO), and early outcome after implementation.

Methods: An ERP for CDO was developed and implemented.

Challenges and Strategies in Nursing Leadership: A Qualitative Study on Leaders in Mental Health Care.

Aim: To explore the challenges and strategies among new and experienced nursing leaders in mental healthcare; furthermore, to identify factors that support or hinder their leadership roles.

Background: Strong nursing leadership is crucial for the quality of patient care and is associated with higher job security and better patient outcomes. Understanding what factors contribute to effective leadership is essential for the development of future leaders.

Healthcare seeking for people diagnosed with severe mental illness: Sensations, symptoms and diagnostic work.

For people with mental and somatic illnesses, the interpretive process of attending to a multitude of bodily sensations and recognising them as potential symptoms represents daily and 'chronic homework'. Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Denmark, this study explores diagnostic work and healthcare seeking among people with severe mental and somatic illnesses. As multiple studies have shown, the transformation process for a perceived sensation to become a symptom is a socially constructed interpretative process highly dependent on social legitimisation and shaped by prior cultural knowledge.

Synergy and competition during the anaerobic degradation of N-acetylglucosamine in a methane-emitting, subarctic, pH-neutral fen.

Peatlands are invaluable but threatened ecosystems that store huge amounts of organic carbon globally and emit the greenhouse gasses carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH). Trophic interactions of microbial groups essential for methanogenesis are poorly understood in such systems, despite their importance. Thus, the present study aimed at unraveling trophic interactions between fermenters and methanogens in a nitrogen-limited, subarctic, pH-neutral fen.

Longitudinal cholesterol trends across socioeconomic groups in Norway: the influence of lipid-lowering drugs in the population-based Tromsø Study 1994-2016.

Objectives: There is limited evidence regarding the impact of lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) on the socioeconomic gradient in a longitudinal perspective. The study investigates the longitudinal socioeconomic gradient in total cholesterol levels and whether this is affected by the use of LLDs.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

A Mechanistic Approach to Optimize Combination Antibiotic Therapy.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most significant healthcare challenges of our times. Multidrug or combination therapies are sometimes required to treat severe infections; for example, the current protocols to treat pulmonary tuberculosis combine several antibiotics. However, combination therapy is usually based on lengthy empirical trials, and it is difficult to predict its efficacy.

Deep Learning Model for Predicting Immunotherapy Response in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Importance: Only a small fraction of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. For optimal personalized NSCLC care, it is imperative to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

Objective: To develop a supervised deep learning-based ICI response prediction method; evaluate its performance alongside other known predictive biomarkers; and assess its association with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC.

Time trends in mortality for people with severe mental illness in Denmark 2000-2018.

Purpose: People with a severe mental illness (SMI) have a marked reduction in life expectancy which is largely attributable to somatic morbidity. Life expectancy has increased in Global North populations, yet it remains unclear whether people with SMI have benefitted equally from this increase. Our objective was to explore time trends of all-cause and selected cause-specific mortality among all people in Denmark with registered diagnosis codes of SMI: depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia at psychiatric out- and in-patient settings.

Profiling host- and parasite-derived miRNAs associated with Strongylus vulgaris infection in horses.

The equine bloodworm, Strongylus vulgaris, is a common and highly pathogenic parasite in horses due to its migratory life cycle involving the intestinal arteries. Current diagnostic techniques cannot detect the prepatent migrating stages of S. vulgaris, highlighting the need for new biomarkers.

Developing a comprehensive framework for evaluating public health emergency management program implementation: A scoping review.

Objectives: Public health emergencies and disasters highlight gaps in health systems' emergency preparedness capabilities. Developing robust public health emergency management (PHEM) programs is crucial yet challenging. Existing assessment tools are limited in scope or lack standardized measurement.

Deep learning-based classification of breast cancer molecular subtypes from H&E whole-slide images.

Classifying breast cancer molecular subtypes is crucial for tailoring treatment strategies. While immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression profiling are standard methods for molecular subtyping, IHC can be subjective, and gene profiling is costly and not widely accessible in many regions. Previous approaches have highlighted the potential application of deep learning models on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole-slide images (WSIs) for molecular subtyping, but these efforts vary in their methods, datasets, and reported performance.

The association between animal protein, plant protein, and their substitution with bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.

Purpose: Although total dietary protein intake has been associated with bladder cancer (BC) risk, the effect of the origin (plant or animal) and the substitutions remain to be understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of total dietary protein, animal-based protein, plant-based protein, and their substitutions with each other on the risk of BC using a pooled analysis of 10 cohort studies.

Methods: The study was conducted within the "BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants" (BLEND) study, including 10 prospective cohort studies from several European countries, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Patients' suggestions for improvements to text-based e-consultations. An online survey of users of the national health portal in Norway.

Background: In recent years, text-based e-consultations have been widely implemented in general practice and are appreciated by patients for their convenience and efficiency. Policymakers aim to enhance patient access to clinical services with the general practitioner (GP) through text-based e-consultations. However, concerns are raised about their efficiency and security.

Spotlight on the 2024 ESC/EACTS management of atrial fibrillation guidelines: 10 novel key aspects.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) have recently released the 2024 guidelines for the management of AF. This review highlights 10 novel aspects of the ESC/EACTS 2024 Guidelines.

An Investigation of the Barriers to Care of Adult Patients With a Tracheostomy in Intensive Care Units and General Wards: Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Interview Data.

Aims And Objectives: To investigate the barriers experienced by intensive care nurses and registered nurses and to provide optimal nursing for adult patients with a temporary tracheostomy in intensive care and general wards.

Background: Tracheostomy is widely used in intensive care units, around 20% of intensive care unit patients undergo tracheostomy insertions and expect high quality of care. Caring for patients with a tracheostomy is complex and challenging task.

Quality of registration of antenatal, intrapartum, and newborn information in the Georgian birth registry.

Background: The Georgian Birth Registry (GBR) is a comprehensive digital birth registry covering 99.8% of births nationwide. By law, registration in the GBR is mandatory, with data primarily transferred from medical records (MRs) by designated personnel at medical facilities.

Protein enrichment of the red macroalga using pulsed electric field and enzymatic processing.

Unlabelled: The human population is steadily increasing and new alternative protein sources are necessary to secure food safety. There is a growing interest in macroalgae, or seaweed, as an alternative food source as they are rich in nutrients, minerals and carbohydrates. Among the diverse species of macroalga, , a red seaweed of growing interest due to its high protein content, represents a potential candidate for contributing to food security and animal feed.

Covalent-fragment screening identifies selective inhibitors of multiple Staphylococcus aureus serine hydrolases important for growth and biofilm formation.

is a leading cause of bacteria-associated mortality worldwide. This is largely because infection sites are often difficult to localize and the bacteria forms biofilms which are not effectively cleared using classical antibiotics. Therefore, there is a need for new tools to both image and treat infections.

Behavioral Intervention Functions in Type 2 Diabetes Apps: Literature Review.

Background: As type 2 diabetes (T2D) is expected to increase, self-management becomes more crucial. Mobile apps are increasingly supporting self-management with tasks like blood glucose monitoring and medication management. Understanding the behavioral intervention functions used by diabetes apps today, is essential for improving future apps and systems for diabetes management.