A highly bioavailable curcumin formulation ameliorates inflammation cytokines and neurotrophic factors in mice with traumatic brain injury.

A novel curcumin formulation increases relative absorption by 46 times (CurcuWIN®) of the total curcuminoids over the unformulated standard curcumin form. However, the exact mechanisms by which curcumin demonstrates its neuroprotective effects are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a novel formulation of curcumin on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a main component of the glial scar and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a signaling molecule in traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Evaluation of the morphology of accessory canals of the canalis sinuosus via cone-beam computed tomography.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the presence of accessory canal (AC) associated with canalis sinuous (CS), describing their frequency, lateralization, location, direction, and measurements in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: Axial, coronal, sagittal, and cross-sectional reconstructions were analyzed in 248 CBCT images and the presence of CS, the presence of AC associated with CS, the lateralization, localization, and direction course of AC associated with CS was evaluated. CS diameter, AC diameter, the distance between the nasal cavity floor and CS (M1), CS and the buccal cortical bone (M2), and CS and the alveolar ridge (M3) were measured.

Effects of acupressure, gum chewing and coffee consumption on the gastrointestinal system after caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of postoperative acupressure in the recovery of the gastrointestinal system (GIS) after caesarean section. A total of 160 primipara pregnant women delivered by caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomised into four groups: group 1 (those who received acupressure), group 2 (coffee was provided three times a day), group 3 (chewed sugar-free gum for 15 min with an interval of 4 h from the second postoperative hour), and group 4 (control group). The first gas outflow and defaecation times of the women were compared among the groups.

The effect of acupressure applied to points LV4 and LI4 on perceived acute postpartum perineal pain after vaginal birth with episiotomy: a randomized controlled study.

Purpose: Acupressure can be used for alleviating perineal pain sustained after a vaginal birth with episiotomy. To evaluate if a 10-min acupressure application relieved perineal pain after vaginal birth with episiotomy and if the analgesic effect was maintained for up to 120 min.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from January to May 2019 with 120 women.

Fatigue survival and failure resistance of titanium versus zirconia implant abutments with various connection designs.

Statement Of Problem: Data regarding the effect of connection design and abutment material on the fatigue survival and failure resistance of implant abutments are scarce.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of connection design and abutment material on the fatigue survival and failure resistance of implant abutment assemblies.

Material And Methods: Three types of implants (n=18, N=54) and 6 groups of abutments (n=9, N=54) with different connection designs-internal conical (IC), internal tri-channel (IT), and external hexagonal (EH)-and abutment materials-titanium (T) and zirconia (Z)-were investigated.

Levodopa may affect cortical excitability in Parkinson's disease patients with cognitive deficits as revealed by reduced activity of cortical sources of resting state electroencephalographic rhythms.

We hypothesized that dopamine neuromodulation might affect cortical excitability in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients set in quiet wakefulness, as revealed by resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms at alpha frequencies (8-12 Hz). Clinical and rsEEG rhythms in PD with dementia (N = 35), PD with mild cognitive impairment (N = 50), PD with normal cognition (N = 35), and normal (N = 50) older adults were available from an international archive. Cortical rsEEG sources were estimated by exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography.

Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract Exerts Neuroprotective Activity in Traumatic Brain Injury in Male Mice.

Background: Cinnamon polyphenol extract is a traditional spice commonly used in different areas of the world for the treatment of different disease conditions which are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite many preclinical studies showing the anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory effects of cinnamon, the underlying mechanisms in signaling pathways via which cinnamon protects the brain after brain trauma remained largely unknown. However, there is still no preclinical study delineating the possible molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effects cinnamon polyphenol extract in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI).

Functional cortical source connectivity of resting state electroencephalographic alpha rhythms shows similar abnormalities in patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that markers of functional cortical source connectivity of resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms may be abnormal in subjects with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's (ADMCI) and Parkinson's (PDMCI) diseases compared to healthy elderly subjects (Nold).

Methods: rsEEG data had been collected in ADMCI, PDMCI, and Nold subjects (N = 75 for any group). eLORETA freeware estimated functional lagged linear connectivity (LLC) from rsEEG cortical sources.

Abnormalities of Resting State Cortical EEG Rhythms in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's and Lewy Body Diseases.

The present study tested the hypothesis that cortical sources of resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms reveal different abnormalities in cortical neural synchronization in groups of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (ADMCI) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBMCI) as compared to cognitively normal elderly (Nold) subjects. Clinical and rsEEG data in 30 ADMCI, 23 DLBMCI, and 30 Nold subjects were available in an international archive. Age, gender, and education were carefully matched in the three groups.

OPHTHALMIC APPLICATIONS of SLN and NLC.

Background: The eyes are among the most readily accessible organs in terms of location in the body, yet drug delivery to eye tissues is particularly problematic. The anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the eye limit the ophthalmic delivery of drugs. Numerous strategies in ophthalmic drug delivery have been made to expand the bioavailability and to prolong the remaining time of drugs treated topically to eye.

The neuroprotective effect of focused ultrasound: New perspectives on an old tool.

Introduction: Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a novel technique that can noninvasively modulate the cortical function. Moreover, there are rapidly replicating evidence suggesting the role of tFUS for targeted neuroprotective drug delivery by increasing the permeability of the central nervous system barrier that results with increased neuroprotective activity. In contrast to the indirect neuroprotective effect, there is rare evidence suggesting the direct parenchymal neuroprotective effect of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS).

The Therapeutic Role of Lamotrigine And Topiramate In A Depressive Patient With Anxiety Symptoms And Cognitive Decline: Neurometabolic Correlates.

We describe here 67 years old women presented with symptoms of anxiety and cognitive impairment that responded well to the combined treatment of lamotrigine and topiramate. In contrast to recent data, we have shown that lamotrigine and topiramate treatment additively increased the cerebral glucose metabolism that was associated with complete resolution of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. Our findings indicate that the therapeutic effect of both agents involve a cortico-subcortical network and suggest the functional role of a bi-directional hippocampal-cingulate connectivity.

Pramipexole Responsive Neck Numbness: The Therapeutic Role of Dopamine Agonists in the Spinal Cord Indicating to a Common Spinal Pathophysiology with Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)?

Background: There is still speculative data regarding the role of spinal dopaminergic neurotransmission in restless leg syndrome (RLS).

Methods: We evaluated the therapeutic role of pramipexole in a patient with cervical disc prolapsus who exceptionally presented with neck restlessness.

Results: We have found that pramipexole leads to a significant improvement in restlessness symptoms in the neck region.

Topiramate: A Novel Therapeutic Candidate for Diabetes and Aggression? Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Findings.

Background: There is still limited knowledge regarding the role of impaired brain glucose metabolism in the generation of aggression during diabetes. Additionally, there are rapidly replicating piece of evidence suggesting that topiramate may exert significant mood stabilizing effect. In this respect, we aimed to evaluate the neurometabolic correlates of the therapeutic effect of topiramate in a patient with diabetes and Intermittent explosive disorder (IED).

Salivary Antimicrobial Peptides in Early Detection of Periodontitis.

In the pathogenesis of periodontitis, an infection-induced inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues, there is a complex interaction between the subgingival microbiota and host tissues. A periodontal diagnostic tool for detecting the initiation and progression of the disease, monitoring the response to therapy, or measuring the degree of susceptibility to future disease progression has been of interest for a long time. The value of various enzymes, proteins, and immunoglobulins, which are abundant constituents of saliva, as potential biomarkers has been recognized and extensively investigated for periodontal diseases.

Targeting different pathophysiological events after traumatic brain injury in mice: Role of melatonin and memantine.

The tissue damage that emerges during traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a consequence of a variety of pathophysiological events, including free radical generation and over-activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR). Considering the complex pathophysiology of TBI, we hypothesized that combination of neuroprotective compounds, targeting different events which appear during injury, may be a more promising approach for patients. In this context, both NMDAR antagonist memantine and free radical scavenger melatonin are safe in humans and promising agents for the treatment of TBI.