Prediction of good neurological outcome after return of circulation following paediatric cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: To evaluate the ability of blood-biomarkers, clinical examination, electrophysiology, or neuroimaging, assessed within 14 days from return of circulation to predict good neurological outcome in children following out- or in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Trials databases were searched (2010-2023). Sensitivity and false positive rates (FPR) for good neurological outcome (defined as either 'no, mild, moderate disability or minimal change from baseline') in paediatric survivors were calculated for each predictor.

Predicting sinonasal inverted papilloma attachment using machine learning: Current lessons and future directions.

Background: Hyperostosis is a common radiographic feature of inverted papilloma (IP) tumor origin on computed tomography (CT). Herein, we developed a machine learning (ML) model capable of analyzing CT images and identifying IP attachment sites.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated for IP at our institution was performed.

Skin Care of Infants Born at 21-23 Weeks' Gestation.

As more neonatal centers are caring for premature infants at 21-23 weeks' gestational age (GA), a growing need for improved practices related to routine skin care exists. Approach to skin care in this GA is challenging because the skin barrier is not completely formed at this developmental stage, leading to an increased risk of insensible water loss; increased sodium and nutritional requirement; and greater susceptibility to injury, infection, and temperature instability. Effective skin care in this population requires a proactive, standardized, multidisciplinary approach.

Quality of Cancer Recurrence Data in the National Cancer Database: A Reappraisal of Reporting Readiness.

Background: This study evaluated the quality of cancer recurrence data in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to determine if missingness and reporting consistency have improved enough to support national research.

Methods: This multi-methods study included NCDB analyses and a cancer registry staff survey. Trends in recurrence data missingness from 2004 to 2021 and multivariable analyses of factors associated with missingness from 2017 to 2021 were evaluated for 4,568,927 patients with non-metastatic cancer.

Impact of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents on tumor outcome in the context of cancer immunotherapy with highlight on melanoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: The impact of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents (SSIAs) for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) on tumor outcome is not well-known. This systematic review evaluates tumor outcomes for corticosteroid (CS) monotherapy versus CS with SSIA (CS-SSIA) for irAE treatment with a focus on melanoma.

Methods: Search was conducted through 1/5/23 using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science.

Changes in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Management and Outcomes in Infants Born at 26 to 28 Weeks' Gestation.

Objective: To investigate the association between the secular decrease in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA ) and trends in neonatal mortality and morbidity in infants born at 26 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study including infants born between 2012 and 2021 in continually participating hospitals in the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. The primary composite outcome was defined as surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, grade 2-3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage, or death.

Macular patterns of neuronal and visual field loss in recovered optic neuritis identified by machine learning.

We used machine learning to investigate the residual visual field (VF) deficits and macula retinal ganglion cell (RGC) thickness loss patterns in recovered optic neuritis (ON). We applied archetypal analysis (AA) to 377 same-day pairings of 10-2 VF and optical coherence tomography (OCT) macula images from 93 ON eyes and 70 normal fellow eyes ≥ 90 days after acute ON. We correlated archetype (AT) weights (total weight = 100%) of VFs and total retinal thickness (TRT), inner retinal thickness (IRT), and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness.

Frailty is associated with poor outcomes in midlife trauma patients.

Background: The impact of frailty on outcomes in midlife trauma patients (50-64 ​y) remains understudied. We evaluated the impact of frailty on midlife trauma patients' outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using TQIP 2021 data.

Metabolic Aging as an Increased Risk for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background/objectives: Both aging and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are strongly associated with changes in the metabolome; however, it is unknown whether there are common aging/COPD metabolomic signatures and if accelerated aging is associated with COPD.

Methods: Plasma from 5704 subjects from the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD study (COPDGene) and 2449 subjects from Subpopulations and intermediate outcome measures in COPD study (SPIROMICS) were profiled using the Metabolon global metabolomics platform (1013 annotated metabolites). Post-bronchodilator spirometry measures of airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.

Assessing the Risk of Kidney Stone Development in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treated With Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.

Background: The prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is rising with the global obesity epidemic. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), such as acetazolamide, have been shown to be effective in IIH but can also lead to kidney stone formation. This study evaluates the risk of kidney stone development in patients with IIH treated with CAIs.

Private-Sector Readmissions for Inpatient Surgery in Veterans Health Administration Hospitals.

Importance: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) reports multiple indicators of hospital surgical performance, including hospital risk-standardized 30-day readmission rates (RSRRs). Currently, most routinely reported measures do not include readmissions that occur outside VHA hospitals. The impact of readmissions outside the VHA on hospital RSRR is not known.

The Association of Race With Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients With Hepatorenal Syndrome: Nationwide Cohort Study.

Introduction: Racial/ethnic disparities have been previously reported in renal and hepatic disease care; however, acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of cirrhosis (hepatorenal syndrome [HRS]-AKI) despite its complexity requiring a multidisciplinary approach, remains understudied.

Methods: To identify unique associations of clinical and sociodemographic factors with mortality and length of stay (LOS) among patients hospitalised with HRS-AKI, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted, along with a mediation analysis to estimate how race-related differences in in-hospital mortality were influenced by payer type, area household income, and clinical severity.

Results: Black patients demonstrated a significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality, compared to their white counterparts, adjusting for (1) sex and age, (2) sex, age, payer type, and area household income and (3) sex, age, and clinical severity [OR 1.

Real-world effectiveness and causal mediation study of BNT162b2 on long COVID risks in children and adolescents.

Background: The impact of pre-infection vaccination on the risk of long COVID remains unclear in the pediatric population. We aim to assess the effectiveness of BNT162b2 on long COVID risks with various strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in children and adolescents, using comparative effectiveness methods. We further explore if such pre-infection vaccination can mitigate the risk of long COVID beyond its established protective benefits against SARS-CoV-2 infection using causal mediation analysis.

Iowa Gambling Task performance in individuals with schizophrenia: the role of general versus specific cognitive abilities.

Objective: We aimed to explore how specific cognitive processes, such as attention and executive functions, account for variance in decision-making measured by Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance among individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Methods: Adults ( = 65, = 25.4) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participating in a clinical trial (registered at clinicaltrials.

Geo-Spatial Analysis of Acute Ischemic Stroke Reperfusion Treatment in India: An Assessment of Distribution and Access to Centers.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of global mortality and disability, with a disproportionately high burden in low- and middle-income countries. Access to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) remains extremely limited.

Aims: We evaluated the spatial distribution and geographic accessibility of stroke centers in India.

Immunometabolism in the Aging Heart.

Structural, functional, and molecular-level changes in the aging heart are influenced by a dynamic interplay between immune signaling and cellular metabolism that is referred to as immunometabolism. This review explores the crosstalk between cellular metabolic pathways including glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and the immune processes that govern cardiac aging. With a rapidly aging population that coincides with increased cardiovascular risk and cancer incidence rates, understanding the immunometabolic underpinnings of cardiac aging provides a foundation for identifying therapeutic targets to mitigate cardiac dysfunction.

British version of the Iowa test of consonant perception.

The Iowa Test of Consonant Perception is a single-word closed-set speech-in-noise test with well-balanced phonetic features. The current study aimed to establish a U.K.

The consequences of climate change and male reproductive health: A review of the possible impact and mechanisms.

A global decline in male fertility has been reported, and climate change is considered a major cause of this. Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, and results from greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide and methane that act as a blanket wrapped around the earth, trapping heat and elevating temperatures. Sad to say, the consequences of climatic variation are beyond the dramatic elevated temperature, they include cold stress, increased malnutrition, air pollution, cardiovascular diseases respiratory tract infections, cancer, sexually transmitted infections, mental stress, and heat waves.

Stereotactic Cardiac Radiotherapy for Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease Patients: A Systematic Review.

Background: Among patients with structural heart disease with ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to medical therapy and catheter ablation, cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a paradigm-changing treatment option.

Aims: To assess the efficacy of cardiac SBRT in refractory VT by comparing the rates of VT episodes, anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) therapies, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks post-SBRT with pre-SBRT.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search and included all clinical studies reporting outcomes on cardiac SBRT for VT.

Estimating Cost Savings of Care Coordination for Older Adults: Evidence from the Iowa Return to Community Program.

In response to rising costs associated with providing health care services to Americans over 65 years old, policymakers have called for the expansion of care coordination programs to reduce total spending while improving patient outcomes and provider efficiency. This study uses a Markov Chain model to estimate financial impacts associated with the implementation of a care coordination program across the state of Iowa. Estimates revealed an association between the implementation of the Iowa Return to Community (IRTC) and a reduction in health care service use, which yielded per capita cost savings of $7,920.

SOX2-induced IL1α-mediated immune suppression drives epithelial dysplasia malignant transformation.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are often preceded by potentially malignant precursor lesions, most of which remain benign. The terminal exhaustion phenotypes of effector T-cells and the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) have been thoroughly characterized in established SCC. However, it is unclear what precancerous lesions harbor a bona fide high risk for malignant transformation and how precancerous epithelial dysplasia drives the immune system to the point of no return.

The human RAD52 complex undergoes phase separation and facilitates bundling and end-to-end tethering of RAD51 presynaptic filaments.

Human RAD52 is a prime target for synthetical lethality approaches to treat cancers with deficiency in homologous recombination. Among multiple cellular roles of RAD52, its functions in homologous recombination repair and protection of stalled replication forks appear to substitute those of the tumor suppressor protein BRCA2. However, the mechanistic details of how RAD52 can substitute BRCA2 functions are only beginning to emerge.