Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil Carnivora.

Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant Carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species.

Biomarkers.

The Huntington's Disease Integrated Staging System (HD-ISS) comprises a biological research definition of HD and evidence-based staging centered on prognostic biological, clinical, and functional landmarks. It is the result of a formal consensus process within the Huntington's Disease Regulatory Science Consortium's Regulatory Science Forum (RSF), a working group made up of expert representatives from industry and academia. The RSF considered prognostic biomarkers, signs, and symptoms of HD, and performed empirical data analysis.

Biomarkers.

Background: Prolonged discrimination is psychosocial stressor, influencing mortality rates and contributing to cardiovascular and mental health disorders among Black individuals. Allostatic load (AL), the wear and tear of stress is a biological cumulative risk that links psychosocial stressors to adverse health outcomes. Currently, a consolidate review of evidence underscoring discrimination and AL in Black individuals is not available.

Biomarkers.

Background: Improvement of cognitive functions is often accompanied by changes in brain function after cognitive training in older adults. In this large-scale dual-site fMRI study we investigated the effects of BrainHQ cognitive training (CT; ®Posit Science Inc.) and an active control (AC) group on brain activations during a demanding executive control (EC) task among cognitively normal older adults.

Biomarkers.

Background: Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have decreased cognitive function, which makes them prone to making inappropriate decisions in complex and uncertain situations. However, there is currently no study being undertaken to investigate the potential neural mechanisms for processing decision-making feedback in MCI patients. The present study aimed to explore the potential neural correlates during feedback evaluation during decision-making under risk and ambiguity in MCI.

Genetic Concordance of Staphylococcus aureus From Oropharyngeal and Sputum Cultures in People With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) may not expectorate sputum at young ages or after they receive CFTR modulators. While oropharyngeal swabs are commonly used to test for lower airway pathogens, it is unknown whether Staphylococcus aureus from the oropharynx matches the strain(s) infecting the lungs. Our goal was to determine whether oropharyngeal and sputum isolates of S.

Public Health.

Background: Reducing dementia risk factors at mid-life by 10-25% can prevent an estimated 1-3 million dementia cases worldwide. However, implementation of dementia risk reduction (DRR) is limited, particularly in underserved communities. Barriers include lack of awareness and access to appropriate services.

Public Health.

Background: Pesticide exposure may contribute to cognitive decline, but empirical evidence is limited. We examined high pesticide exposure events (HPEE) in relation to subjective cognitive decline among farmers in the Pesticide and Sense of Smell Study (PASS), a sub-cohort of the Agricultural Health Study (AHS).

Method: This analysis included 2365 predominantly white male farmers from Iowa and North Carolina (aged 70±10 years) who enrolled in AHS from 1993-1997 and participated in PASS in 2020-2021.

Public Health.

Background: Individuals with Alzheimer's disease often exhibit white matter microstructure degenerations observable through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The circadian system regulates sleep and wake cycles. As people age, sleep and wake cycles can be disrupted, which can worsen sleep quality.

Biomarkers.

Background: Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins can predict the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at asymptomatic stages and are promising measures for screening individuals at risk. However, not all individuals with Aβ and tau pathology progress to AD; some remain cognitively healthy. That variability challenges prediction accuracy and incorporation of AD pathology into clinical practice.

Developing Topics.

Background: Prior research has highlighted the impact of neighborhood quality on health outcomes. Given veterans' unique experiences and challenges, exploring the association between neighborhood quality on cognitive measures and vascular risk scores is crucial for guiding targeted interventions, improving overall cognitive well-being, promoting health equity, and contributing to our understanding of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk factors.

Method: The Brain Amyloid and Vascular Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid study (BRAVE) was an 18-month randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial conducted at William S.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Neuropathologically, AD stands out as a mixed proteinopathy. Beta-amyloid and tau biomarkers can now add in-vivo support to the AD diagnosis.

Irx1 mechanisms for oral epithelial basal stem cell plasticity during reepithelialization after injury.

The oral mucosa undergoes daily insults, and stem cells in the epithelial basal cell layer regenerate gingiva tissue to maintain oral health. The Iroquois Homeobox 1 (IRX1) protein is expressed in the stem cell niches in human/mouse oral epithelium and mesenchyme under homeostasis. We found that Irx1+/- heterozygous (Het) mice have delayed wound closure, delayed morphological changes of regenerated epithelium, and defective keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation during wound healing.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Care partners of hospitalized people living with dementia (PLWD) are particularly vulnerable in the hospital setting and may feel invisible during hospitalization of the PLWD they care for. Hospital initiatives for dementia friendly spaces emphasize providing a safe and supportive environment. However, literature is scarce regarding how the hospital's physical environment influences care partners' inclusion.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Mealtime is a fundamental daily activity to ensure nutrition, social interaction, and enjoyment of food for people with dementia (PWD). Interventions addressing multilevel barriers are critical to optimize mealtime care and outcomes. This review aimed to synthesize existing interventions on mealtime care and outcomes in PWD and their caregivers.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread social isolation and loneliness, especially among older adults aged 60 years and above. Loneliness is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern given its association with adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, less is known about the potential impact of loneliness on cognitive health and decline in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic specifically.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Nursing home (NH) residents with dementia commonly experience mealtime behaviors that negatively impact nutrition and function. Residents do not receive person-centered mealtime care (PCMC) due to multilevel factors one prioritized modifiable factor is lack of effective PCMC programs. This study aimed to develop a PCMC program and test its feasibility, acceptability, usefulness and preliminary efficacy.

A mechanistic model for determining factors that influence inorganic nitrogen fate in corn cultivation.

Conventional practices for inorganic nitrogen fertilizer are highly inefficient leading to excess nitrogen in the environment. Excess environmental nitrogen induces ecological (, hypoxia, eutrophication) and public health (, nitrate contaminated drinking water) consequences, motivating adoption of management strategies to improve fertilizer use efficiency. Yet, how to limit the environmental impacts from inorganic nitrogen fertilizer while maintaining crop yields is a persistent challenge.

Bibliometric Analysis of the Composition of Landmark Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Research.

Background: Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare type of stroke, accounting for less than 3% of all stroke cases, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in young females. However, when promptly diagnosed and treated, it can have favorable outcomes. Several knowledge gaps remain regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of CVST, so critical assessment of past and present research could help close these gaps or establish targeted future research goals.

The impact of music on patient tolerance during office-based laryngeal surgery.

Objective: To investigate the impact of music on patient tolerance during office-based laryngeal surgery (OBLS).

Methods: All patients undergoing OBLS between February 2024 to June 2024 were invited to participate in this study. They were divided into two subgroups, those with music in the background during surgery and those without.

Postpartum Remote Health Coaching Intervention for Individuals With a Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in America. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) negatively impact acute and long-term cardiovascular health, with approximately 16% of all pregnancies affected. With CVD 2-4 times more likely after HDP compared to normotensive pregnancies, effective interventions to promote cardiovascular health are imperative.

Optimal Strategy for Complete Revascularization in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis.

Background: In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease, most but not all randomized trials have reported that complete revascularization (CR) offers advantages over culprit vessel-only revascularization. In addition, the optimal timing and assessment methods for CR remain undetermined.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with STEMI and multivessel disease, using a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

A generalized objective CT-based method for quantifying articular fracture severity.

A CT-based method for objectively assessing fracture severity was previously developed and validated to address poor reliability in existing subjective fracture classification systems. The method involved quantifying the energy involved in creating a fracture. However, clinical utility of the method was hindered by reliance upon an intact contralateral CT and lengthy analysis time (8-10 h).