Sarcolemma resilience and skeletal muscle health require O-mannosylation of dystroglycan.

Background: Maintaining the connection between skeletal muscle fibers and the surrounding basement membrane is essential for muscle function. Dystroglycan (DG) serves as a basement membrane extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor in many cells, and is also expressed in the outward-facing membrane, or sarcolemma, of skeletal muscle fibers. DG is a transmembrane protein comprised of two subunits: alpha-DG (α-DG), which resides in the peripheral membrane, and beta-DG (β-DG), which spans the membrane to intracellular regions.

Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

Elevated CO alters soybean physiology and defense responses, and has disparate effects on susceptibility to diverse microbial pathogens.

Increasing atmospheric CO levels have a variety of effects that can influence plant responses to microbial pathogens. However, these responses are varied, and it is challenging to predict how elevated CO (eCO) will affect a particular plant-pathogen interaction. We investigated how eCO may influence disease development and responses to diverse pathogens in the major oilseed crop, soybean.

Neoadjuvant Concurrent Chemoradiation and Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: Outcomes With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation.

This illustrates the outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation and esophagectomy, specifically focusing on those who develop new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF). Statistically significant findings (p < 0.05, dark red) increased mortality and ventricular fibrillation, as well as trends of (p > 0.

Chemical profile changes in Peanut seeds infected with aspergillus flavus via widely targeted metabolomics.

Peanut seeds are enriched with protein and fatty acids, making them susceptible to infection by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The infected seeds are harmful to human health due to the aflatoxin contamination.

The effect of carbon fiber custom dynamic orthosis type on kinematics and kinetics of lower extremity joints in individuals with lower limb traumatic injuries.

Background: Carbon fiber custom dynamic orthoses have been used to improve gait mechanics after lower limb trauma in military service members, with the goal of restoring function and improving outcomes. However, the effects of commercially available carbon fiber orthoses available to civilians on lower extremity joint kinetics and kinematics are poorly understood.

Research Question: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two commercially available orthoses on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics in individuals with lower limb trauma.

Imbalanced VWF-ADAMTS13 axis contributes to the detrimental impact of a preceding respiratory tract infection on stroke.

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) caused by bacteria or viruses are associated with stroke severity. Recent studies have revealed an imbalance in the von Willebrand factor (VWF)-ADAMTS13 axis in patients with RTIs, including COVID-19. We examined whether this imbalance contributes to RTI-mediated stroke severity.

Linear-viscous flow of temperate ice.

Accurately modeling the deformation of temperate glacier ice, which is at its pressure-melting temperature and contains liquid water at grain boundaries, is essential for predicting ice sheet discharge to the ocean and associated sea-level rise. Central to such modeling is Glen's flow law, in which strain rate depends on stress raised to a power of = 3 to 4. In sharp contrast to this nonlinearity, we found by conducting large-scale, shear-deformation experiments that temperate ice is linear-viscous ( 1.

A genomics learning framework for undergraduates.

Genomics is an increasingly important part of biology research. However, educating undergraduates in genomics is not yet a standard part of life sciences curricula. We believe this is, in part, due to a lack of standard concepts for the teaching of genomics.

Mediators of a randomized controlled trial of a preventive intervention for youth of parents with depressive disorders.

Objective: The present study assessed two theory-driven mediators of the effects of a family group cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) preventive intervention for youth of parents with a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymia on long-term youth psychopathology symptoms and diagnoses.

Method: Sample included 180 parents ( = 41.9, 89% female, 82% White, non-Hispanic) and one of their children/adolescents ages 9-15 years ( = 11.

Longer Total Interhospital Transfer Times for Rural Sepsis Patients Not Associated with Increased Mortality.

Objectives: Sepsis is a time-sensitive condition, and many rural emergency department (ED) sepsis patients are transferred to tertiary hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine whether longer transport times during interhospital transfer are associated with higher sepsis mortality or increased hospital length-of-stay (LOS).

Methods: A cohort of rural adult (age ≥ 18y) sepsis patients transferred between hospitals were identified in the TELEmedicine as a Virtual Intervention for Sepsis Care in Emergency Departments (TELEVISED) parent study.

Implementation of EMS Clinician Feedback Tool Encourages Patient Feedback Requests and Professional Development: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Objectives: Emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians express dissatisfaction with the quality and quantity of clinical feedback received from hospitals, which is exacerbated by the absence of standardized feedback processes. A reported lack of regular feedback impedes their ability to learn and improve care. We evaluated a newly implemented feedback tool's utilization and perceived impact on EMS clinicians and our health system.

Phase 2 Open-Label Trial of Brentuximab Vedotin with Pembrolizumab in PD-1 Pretreated Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma.

Purpose: Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is hypothesized to selectively deplete T regulatory cells (Tregs) that express CD30 and re-sensitize tumors to anti-(PD-1) therapy. This study evaluated responses to BV+pembrolizumab post PD-1 and explored corresponding biomarkers.

Methods: 55 patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 58 with metastatic cutaneous melanoma received ≥1 dose of BV+pembrolizumab.

Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene Sequence Variations and Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer.

Importance: Heterogeneity in development of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific first primary breast cancer exists due to deleterious germline variants in moderate- to high-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, but it is unknown if these associations occur in ER-specific CBC.

Objective: To determine the association of deleterious germline variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes with ER-specific CBC development and whether ER status of the first primary breast cancer modifies these associations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study included CBC cases and matched unilateral breast cancer controls from The Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study, a population-based case-control study.

Alcohol Use Disorder Polygenic Score Compared With Family History and ADH1B.

Importance: Identification of individuals at high risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and subsequent application of prevention and intervention programs has been reported to decrease the incidence of AUD. The polygenic score (PGS), which measures an individual's genetic liability to a disease, can potentially be used to evaluate AUD risk.

Objective: To assess the estimability and generalizability of the PGS, compared with family history and ADH1B, in evaluating the risk of AUD among populations of European ancestry.

Predictive Methods and Probabilistic Mapping of Subcortical Brain Components in Fossil Carnivora.

Paleoneurology reconstructs the evolutionary history of nervous systems through direct observations from the fossil record and comparative data from extant species. Although this approach can provide direct evidence of phylogenetic links among species, it is constrained by the availability and quality of data that can be gleaned from the fossil record. Here, we sought to translate brain component relationships in a sample of extant Carnivora to make inferences about brain structure in fossil species.

Biomarkers.

The Huntington's Disease Integrated Staging System (HD-ISS) comprises a biological research definition of HD and evidence-based staging centered on prognostic biological, clinical, and functional landmarks. It is the result of a formal consensus process within the Huntington's Disease Regulatory Science Consortium's Regulatory Science Forum (RSF), a working group made up of expert representatives from industry and academia. The RSF considered prognostic biomarkers, signs, and symptoms of HD, and performed empirical data analysis.

Biomarkers.

Background: Prolonged discrimination is psychosocial stressor, influencing mortality rates and contributing to cardiovascular and mental health disorders among Black individuals. Allostatic load (AL), the wear and tear of stress is a biological cumulative risk that links psychosocial stressors to adverse health outcomes. Currently, a consolidate review of evidence underscoring discrimination and AL in Black individuals is not available.

Biomarkers.

Background: Improvement of cognitive functions is often accompanied by changes in brain function after cognitive training in older adults. In this large-scale dual-site fMRI study we investigated the effects of BrainHQ cognitive training (CT; ®Posit Science Inc.) and an active control (AC) group on brain activations during a demanding executive control (EC) task among cognitively normal older adults.

Biomarkers.

Background: Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have decreased cognitive function, which makes them prone to making inappropriate decisions in complex and uncertain situations. However, there is currently no study being undertaken to investigate the potential neural mechanisms for processing decision-making feedback in MCI patients. The present study aimed to explore the potential neural correlates during feedback evaluation during decision-making under risk and ambiguity in MCI.

Genetic Concordance of Staphylococcus aureus From Oropharyngeal and Sputum Cultures in People With Cystic Fibrosis.

Background: People with cystic fibrosis (CF) may not expectorate sputum at young ages or after they receive CFTR modulators. While oropharyngeal swabs are commonly used to test for lower airway pathogens, it is unknown whether Staphylococcus aureus from the oropharynx matches the strain(s) infecting the lungs. Our goal was to determine whether oropharyngeal and sputum isolates of S.