A Three-Dimensional Print Model of the Pterygopalatine Fossa Significantly Enhances the Learning Experience.

The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a bilateral space deep within the skull that serves as a major neurovascular junction. However, its small volume and poor accessibility make it a difficult space to comprehend using two-dimensional illustrations and cadaveric dissections. A three-dimensional (3D) printed model of the PPF was developed as a visual and kinesthetic learning tool for completely visualizing the fossa, its boundaries, its communicating channels, and its neurovascular structures.

Risky Business: Judging the Use of Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants for Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Renal Dysfunction.

Warfarin, for many years, was the only oral anticoagulant availablt on the market for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite being safe and effective, warfarin's medication and food interactions, along with its requirement for frequent monitoring, make it ltss ideal in some patient populations. More recently, non-vitamin K oral antagonists (NOACs) have emergtd as an appealing option as they have fewer medication interactions, do not have food interactions and do not require frequent monitoring.

Effects of microgravity and other space stressors in immunosuppression and viral reactivation with potential nervous system involvement.

Space exploration exposes astronauts to a variety of gravitational stresses. Exposure to a reduced gravity environment affects human anatomy and physiology. Countermeasures to restore homeostatic states within the human body have begun.

Efficacy of a Novel Retrobulbar Extension Shunt to Rescue Eyes with Fibrotic Encapsulated Blebs and Uncontrolled Ocular Hypertension.

Purpose: Retrobulbar glaucoma shunts are large-bore fenestrated silicone stents that redirect aqueous humor into the retrobulbar space. They were designed to rescue failed standard tube shunts with fibrotic encapsulation in patients with intractable ocular hypertension. This article evaluates longer-term outcomes of a larger population undergoing retrobulbar aqueous redirection.

Trunk Muscle Function Deficit in Youth Baseball Pitchers With Excessive Contralateral Trunk Tilt During Pitching.

Objective: Pitching technique is one of many factors that affect injury risk. Exhibiting excessive contralateral trunk tilt (CLT) during pitching has been linked to higher ball speed but also to increased joint loading. Deficit in trunk muscle strength has been suggested as an underlying cause of this movement pattern.

Total anticholinergic burden and survival within a cohort of elderly Mexican Americans.

Aim: Studies examining the association between mortality and anticholinergic burden in the geriatric population are conflicting and are absent in the Mexican American population. The present study aimed to determine whether higher anticholinergic burden increases mortality in a cohort representative of community-based older Mexican Americans in the USA.

Methods: This retrospective cohort database study used the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly cohort.

Association of Physical Inactivity, Weight, Smoking, and Prior Injury on Physical Performance in a Military Setting.

Context:  Although inactivity, being overweight, smoking, and a history of injury are identified as risk factors for poor health and injury, few authors have examined their association on physical performance. Young adults may be more likely to adopt healthier lifestyles if they understand the effect of health behaviors on performance.

Objective:  To determine the association of being overweight, smoking, inactivity, and a history of injury with physical performance.

Adjunct Histamine Blockers as Premedications to Prevent Carboplatin Hypersensitivity Reactions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of premedications given as an adjunct to carboplatin on the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in women with ovarian cancer. Medications of interest include a histamine1 (H1 ) and histamine2 (H2 ) blocker in addition to dexamethasone.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review evaluating the addition of an H1 and H2 blocker in addition to dexamethasone as standard premedications on the incidence of carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions (CHRs) in women with ovarian cancer.

Novice Reviewers Retain High Sensitivity and Specificity of Posterior Segment Disease Identification with iWellnessExam™.

Introduction. Four novices to Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) image review were provided a brief lecture on the interpretation of iVue iWellnessExam™ findings (available on iVue® SD-OCT, Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA).

Renal responses produced by microinjection of the kappa opioid receptor agonist, U50-488H, into sites within the rat lamina terminalis.

Activation of central kappa opioid receptors (KOR) has been demonstrated to produce marked free water diuresis with a concurrent increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). This study investigated the cardiovascular (CV) and renal effects evoked by central activation of KOR in two lamina terminalis sites, the median preoptic area (MPA) and anterolateral division of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST). Rats anesthetized with urethane alpha-chloralose were instrumented to record mean arterial pressure, heart rate, RSNA, and urine output (V).

Music therapy career aptitude and generalized self-efficacy in music therapy students.

Background: While the Music Therapy Career Aptitude Test (MTCAT) provides a measure of student aptitude, measures of perceived self-efficacy may provide additional information about a students' suitability for a music therapy career.

Objective: As a first step in determining whether future studies examining combined scores from the MTCAT and the Generalized Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale would be useful to help predict academic success in music therapy, we explored the internal reliability of these two measures in a sample of undergraduate students, and the relationship (concurrent validity) of the measures to one another.

Methods: Eighty undergraduate music therapy students (14 male; 66 female) completed the MTCAT and GSE.

A central support system can facilitate implementation and sustainability of a Classroom-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE) in Genomics.

In their 2012 report, the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology advocated "replacing standard science laboratory courses with discovery-based research courses"-a challenging proposition that presents practical and pedagogical difficulties. In this paper, we describe our collective experiences working with the Genomics Education Partnership, a nationwide faculty consortium that aims to provide undergraduates with a research experience in genomics through a scheduled course (a classroom-based undergraduate research experience, or CURE). We examine the common barriers encountered in implementing a CURE, program elements of most value to faculty, ways in which a shared core support system can help, and the incentives for and rewards of establishing a CURE on our diverse campuses.

Optometric support to Pacific Angel--Nepal 2012.

In September 2012, Pacific Angel (PACANGEL)--Nepal 2012 was conducted in Kaski District, Nepal. Health services were provided in optometry, family medicine, pediatrics, physical therapy, midwifery, dentistry, and pharmacy. This report is on optometric care provided.

Perceptions of tenure and tenure reform in academic pharmacy.

Objectives: To determine the academic pharmacy community's perceptions of and recommendations for tenure and tenure reform.

Methods: A survey instrument was administered via either a live interview or an online survey instrument to selected members of the US academic pharmacy community.

Results: The majority of respondents felt that tenure in academic pharmacy was doing what it was intended to do, which is to provide academic freedom and allow for innovation (59.

An evaluation of inpatient treatment continuation and hospital readmission rates in patients with bipolar disorder treated with aripiprazole or quetiapine.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess patient and treatment variables that have an impact on inpatient antipsychotic treatment continuation and 30-day hospital readmission rates in patients with bipolar disorder treated with aripiprazole or quetiapine.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with bipolar disorder admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Patients who were initiated on aripiprazole or quetiapine during hospitalization were included in the analysis.

Role of superior laryngeal nerve and Fos staining following dehydration and rehydration in the rat.

Immunohistochemistry for Fos was used to determine the role of the superior laryngeal nerve in conscious rats following water deprivation and rehydration. Adult male rats were subjected to either unilateral superior laryngeal nerve section (SLNX) or sham surgery. Two weeks later rats from each surgical group were water deprived for 48 h or water deprived for 46 h and given access to water for 2 h prior to perfusion.

New quadrivalent HPV vaccine developments.

Human papillomavirus infection is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the world and is responsible for cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers, as well as genital warts. A vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 has been available since 2006 and has been approved for the prevention of cervical cancer, cervical precancers, and genital warts. Recently, the vaccine also received approval for the prevention of vulvar and vaginal cancers in women aged 9 to 26 years.

Breast cancer risk: protective effect of an early first full-term pregnancy versus increased risk of induced abortion.

Purpose/objectives: To examine the question of whether an early first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) protects against breast cancer and whether interruption of the pregnancy with an induced abortion increases breast cancer risk.

Data Sources: Published medical and epidemiology journal articles, books, scientific reports, news interviews of researchers, scientific journals.

Data Synthesis: Continually increasing breast cancer rates cannot be explained by the American Cancer Society risk factors, which account for only 25% of cases.