Development and Validation of a Game-Based Assessment for Complex Problem Solving.

Complex problem solving (CPS) refers to a set of higher-order capacities that allow an individual to interact with a dynamic environment and solve complex problems. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate Sokoban, a game-based assessment of the planning-execution stage of the CPS framework proposed by PISA 2012. The psychometric properties of this instrument were examined in a large sample of Chinese students ( = 1145) ranging from elementary to tertiary education.

UnICLAM: Contrastive representation learning with adversarial masking for unified and interpretable Medical Vision Question Answering.

Medical Visual Question Answering aims to assist doctors in decision-making when answering clinical questions regarding radiology images. Nevertheless, current models learn cross-modal representations through residing vision and text encoders in dual separate spaces, which inevitably leads to indirect semantic alignment. In this paper, we propose UnICLAM, a Unified and Interpretable Medical-VQA model through Contrastive Representation Learning with Adversarial Masking.

Altered Oscillatory Neural Dynamics Related to Word Prediction in Older Adult Readers.

The engagement of predictive mechanisms during language comprehension can facilitate processing and modulate neural oscillatory activity. These modulations include alpha-band activity decreases prior to expected words, reflecting anticipatory preparation, and frontal theta-band activity following unexpected words, reflecting engagement of cognitive control. It remains unknown how these oscillatory dynamics are impacted by aging.

Commentary on: "Text-to-Video Models and Sora in Plastic Surgery: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Prospectives".

Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.

Optimizing multi label student performance prediction with GNN-TINet: A contextual multidimensional deep learning framework.

As education increasingly relies on data-driven methodologies, accurately predicting student performance is essential for implementing timely and effective interventions. The California Student Performance Dataset offers a distinctive basis for analyzing complex elements that affect educational results, such as student demographics, academic behaviours, and emotional health. This study presents the GNN-Transformer-InceptionNet (GNN-TINet) model to overcome the constraints of prior models that fail to effectively capture intricate interactions in multi-label contexts, where students may display numerous performance categories concurrently.

Breast Cancer Survivors' Diet and Physical Activity Preferences and Barriers: How COVID-19 Changed the Intervention Landscape.

Background: Existing studies on breast cancer survivors (BCS) have primarily focused on individual aspects of either diet or exercise preferences and barriers. Our study aims to examine BCS' perceptions toward diet and exercise combined. Given the transformative impact of COVID-19, there is a crucial need for insights in the post-pandemic era to address the distinct challenges faced by BCS in maintaining their health and well-being.

Identifying Reactive Trends in Glycerol Electro-Oxidation Using an Automated Screening Approach: 28 Ways to Electrodeposit an Au Electrocatalyst.

Automated, rapid electrocatalyst discovery techniques that comprehensively address the exploration of chemical spaces, characterization of catalyst robustness, reproducibility, and translation of results to (flow) electrolysis operation are needed. Responding to the growing interest in biomass valorization, we studied the glycerol electro-oxidation reaction (GEOR) on gold in alkaline media as a model reaction to demonstrate the efficacy of such methodology introduced here. Our platform combines individually addressable electrode arrays with HardPotato, a Python application programming interface for potentiostat control, to automate electrochemical experiments and data analysis operations.

Shifting Paradigms: A Deep Dive Into Public Perceptions of Gender-affirming Surgery.

Background: Given the growing demand for gender-affirming surgery (GAS) in recent years, it is essential to explore the public perceptions of GAS. Understanding the public's opinions and attitudes toward GAS will provide valuable insights for shaping educational initiatives to enhance public knowledge and awareness.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used the Prolific Academic platform to distribute an online survey among adult participants residing in the United States in August 2023.

Combined Nanodrops Imaging and Ultrasound Localization Microscopy for Detecting Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Objective: Advanced imaging methods are crucial for understanding stroke mechanisms and discovering effective treatments to reduce bleeding and enhance recovery. In pre-clinical in vivo stroke imaging, MRI, CT and optical imaging are commonly used to evaluate stroke outcomes in rodent models. However, MRI and CT have limited spatial resolution for rodent brains, and optical imaging is hindered by limited imaging depth of penetration.

Relationship between trait mindfulness and physical activity among emerging adults: The mediating roles of exercise-related cognitive errors and trait self-control.

Objective: Exercise-related cognitive errors (ECEs) is a significant factor that can negatively influence physical activity (PA) engagement among emerging adults, whereas mindfulness interventions may be beneficial for promoting PA. Against this background, we investigated the potential association between trait mindfulness and PA levels among emerging adults and determined whether trait self-control and ECEs serve as mediators.

Method: 328 Chinese participants (61.

The effect of selective surface interaction on polymer phase separation with explicit polydispersity during polymerization.

In polymerization-induced phase separation, the impact of polymer-substrate interaction on the dynamics of phase separation for polymer blends is important in determining the final morphology and properties of polymer materials as the surface can act as another driving force for phase separation other than polymerization. We modify the previously-developed polymerizing Cahn-Hilliard (pCH) method by adding a surface potential to model the phase separation behavior of a mixture of two species independently undergoing linear step-growth polymerization in the presence of a surface. In our approach, we explicitly model polydispersity by separately considering different molecular-weight components with their own respective diffusion constants, and with the surface potential preferentially acting on only one species.

A comparison of the response-pattern-based faking detection methods.

The covariance index method, the idiosyncratic item response method, and the machine learning method are the three primary response-pattern-based (RPB) approaches to detect faking on personality tests. However, less is known about how their performance is affected by different practical factors (e.g.

Retrospective evaluation of acid-base imbalances, clinicopathologic alterations, and prognostic factors in hospitalized calves with Eimeria-associated diarrhea.

Introduction: After the neonatal period Eimeriosis is one of the most common causes of large intestinal diarrhea in calves. In contrast to neonatal calves with diarrhea, there are very few reports about the clinicopathological alterations in affected animals, which are mainly based on experimental data. The aim of the present study was therefore to characterize acid-base and related clinicopathologic alterations in calves with Eimeria-associated diarrhea and to identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality.

Fast 3D printing of fine, continuous, and soft fibers via embedded solvent exchange.

Nature uses fibrous structures for sensing and structural functions as observed in hairs, whiskers, stereocilia, spider silks, and hagfish slime thread skeins. Here, we demonstrate multi-nozzle printing of 3D hair arrays having freeform trajectories at a very high rate, with fiber diameters as fine as 1.5 µm, continuous lengths reaching tens of centimeters, and a wide range of materials with elastic moduli from 5 MPa to 3500 MPa.

Exploring the Resilience, Strengths, Coping Strategies, and Cultural Influences in African Families Impacted by Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review.

Efforts to ascertain the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Africa have been ongoing, but comparatively, scant attention has been directed toward investigating the coping strategies utilized by families affected by IPV as well as the cultural dynamics that influence their actions. This scoping review examines the literature on the coping strategies and cultural influences that affect families experiencing IPV in Africa. Using the methodology outlined by Arksey and O'Malley, we conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases, identifying 35 articles conducted across 10 African countries that met our inclusion criteria.

Neural sensitivity to others' belief states in infancy predicts later theory of mind reasoning in childhood.

While pre-verbal infants may be sensitive to others' mental states, they are not able to accurately answer questions about them until several years later, an ability referred to as having a theory of mind. Here we ask whether infant social-cognitive sensitivity is subserved by the same brain mechanisms as those that support theory of mind in childhood. To do so, we explored the relationship between functional sensitivity of the right temporal-parietal junction to mental state processing in infancy, a region known to underlie theory of mind in older children, and explicit theory of mind reasoning in the same group several years later.

Network analysis of cattle movement among municipalities in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from 2013 to 2023.

The aim of this study was to characterize the movement among municipalities in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, and to perform a network analysis based on these movements. Data on cattle movement in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2013 to August 2023 were acquired from Guia de Trânsito Animal (GTA) (Animal Transit Guide), mandatory in Brazil for all livestock movements, provided by Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA) (State Animal Health Authority). Descriptive analysis was performed, the five most common municipalities that were the origin and destination of movements were described, and the reason for transportation was assessed.

Situating the salience and parietal memory networks in the context of multiple parallel distributed networks using precision functional mapping.

Brain networks serving higher cognitive functions are widely distributed across frontal and posterior association zones. Two exceptions have been the parietal memory network (PMN) and salience network (SAL), which are typically restricted to posterior (e.g.

Social isolation increases impulsive choice with minor changes on metabolic function in middle-aged rats.

The effects of social isolation (SI) during middle age remain unclear, so we tested the hypothesis that SI would lead to an increase in impulsive choice (IC), anxiety-like behavior, and metabolic dysfunction in middle-aged rats. Male and female rats were housed individually or in groups of four with same-sex housing mates at 11 months of age. Two months later, IC behavior was assessed using a delay-discounting task and anxiety-like behavior through a novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) task.

Interactions Between Humans and White-Tailed Deer in Illinois: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

SARS-CoV-2 has been found in multiple species, including cervids such as wild white-tailed deer (WTD), in multiple regions in the United States, including Illinois. The virus has been shown to transmit among WTD, and across species in both directions (deer-to-humans and humans-to-deer). Cross-species transmission requires infectious contact between WTD and humans, the form and frequency of which is poorly understood.

Explicating college students' COVID-19 prevention behaviors: Integrating information seeking and response efficacy into the reasoned action approach.

This study investigated correlations between college students' intentions to adopt COVID-19 prevention behaviors (i.e., handwashing, mask wearing, and social distancing) and their attitudes, perceived norms, perceived efficacy, and information seeking.

Not-so-fragile matter.

A three-dimensional chain has strain-dependent solid-like and liquid-like behaviors.

Probing the functional constraints of influenza A virus NEP by deep mutational scanning.

The influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP) is a multifunctional protein that is essential for the viral life cycle and has very high sequence conservation. However, since the open reading frame of NEP largely overlaps with that of another influenza viral protein, non-structural protein 1, it is difficult to infer the functional constraints of NEP based on sequence conservation analysis. In addition, the N-terminal of NEP is structurally disordered, which further complicates the understanding of its function.

Leveraging Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) for community impact: what have we learned about how to make a difference.

Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) practitioners are increasingly engaged in projects meant to centre underserved communities and reduce inequities. The subdiscipline of E/HF that has emerged to explore the application of E/HF in this way is called community ergonomics. In this qualitative-descriptive study, we reflect on the progress made in the field of community ergonomics since its original conceptualisation in 1994.