269 results match your criteria: "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana[Affiliation]"
Recent advances in satellite observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provide a new opportunity to constrain the simulation of terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Accurate representation of the processes driving SIF emission and its radiative transfer to remote sensing sensors is an essential prerequisite for data assimilation. Recently, SIF simulations have been incorporated into several land surface models, but the scaling of SIF from leaf-level to canopy-level is usually not well-represented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Midwestern "Corn-Belt" in the United States is the most productive agricultural region on the planet despite being predominantly rainfed. In this region, global climate change is driving precipitation patterns toward wetter springs and drier mid- to late-summers, a trend that is likely to intensify in the future. The lack of precipitation can lead to crop water limitations that ultimately impact growth and yields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Med Chem
June 2022
Dept. of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
Development of targeted anticancer modalities has prompted a new era in cancer treatment that is notably different from the age of radical surgery and highly toxic chemotherapy. Behind each effective compound is a rich and complex history from first identification of chemical matter, detailed optimization, and mechanistic investigations, ultimately leading to exciting molecules for drug development. Herein we review the history and on-going journey of one such anticancer scaffold, the 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)indoline-2-ones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg
June 2022
Objective: To examine referral pattern, the timing of diagnostic/staging processes, and treatment initiation for new head and neck cancer patients in a community setting.
Methods: Patients with a newly diagnosed previously untreated diagnosis of head neck cancer managed at Asplundh Cancer Pavilion/Abington Memorial Hospital from October 2018 to March 2020. Source of referral and preceding workup were examined as well as intervals between initial head and neck consult and various timepoints of treatment initiation.
RSC Adv
September 2021
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka-1000 Bangladesh
In this article, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is used to investigate the tensile mechanical properties of functional graded Ni-Al (NiAl) alloy with Ni coating. The grading profile, temperature, crystallographic direction, and concentration of vacancy defects have been varied and corresponding changes in the tensile properties are reported. In general, it has been revealed that functional grading may reduce the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of this homogeneous alloy but increase Young's modulus (YM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
April 2022
Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
Proteins can sample a broad landscape as they undergo conformational transition between different functional states. At the same time, as key players in almost all cellular processes, proteins are important drug targets. Considering the different conformational states of a protein is therefore central for a successful drug-design strategy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnimals with dependent and vulnerable young need to decide where to raise their offspring to minimize ill effects of weather, competition, parasitism, and predation. These decisions have critical fitness consequences through impacting the survival of both adults and progeny. Birds routinely place their nest in specific sites, allowing species to be broadly classified based on nest location (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc SIAM Conf Control Appl
January 2021
Department of Aerospace Engineering and Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
This paper introduces the notion of quantitative resilience of a control system. Following prior work, we study linear driftless systems enduring a loss of control authority over some of their actuators. Such a malfunction results in actuators producing possibly undesirable inputs over which the controller has real-time readings but no control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedComm (2020)
January 2022
Laboratory of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu China.
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sweeping the world, effective and affordable vaccines are in urgent need. A reliable system for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines would boost the development of vaccines and reduce the research cost. We constructed a logistic regression model and analyzed the relationship between antibody (Ab) level and efficacy of different vaccine types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
December 2021
School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
The mechanism for inhibition of [FeFe]-hydrogenases by formaldehyde is examined with model complexes. Key findings: (i) CH donated by formaldehyde covalently link Fe and the amine cofactor, blocking the active site and (ii) the resulting Fe-alkyl is a versatile electrophilic alkylating agent. Solutions of Fe[(μ-SCH)NH](CO)(PMe) (1) react with a mixture of HBF and CHO to give three isomers of [Fe[(μ-SCH)NCH](CO)(PMe)] ([2]).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Direct
December 2021
USDA-ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit Urbana Illinois USA.
By 2050, the U.S. Corn Belt will likely face a 23% increase in leaf-to-air vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the driving force of evapotranspiration (ET), which may restrict maize yield improvements for rainfed agroecosystems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
November 2021
Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
Antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria is largely attributed to the low permeability of their outer membrane (OM). Recently, we disclosed the eNTRy rules, a key lesson of which is that the introduction of a primary amine enhances OM permeation in certain contexts. To understand the molecular basis for this finding, we perform an extensive set of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations comparing the permeation of aminated and amine-free antibiotic derivatives through the most abundant OM porin of , OmpF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUniversal platforms for biomolecular analysis using label-free sensing modalities can address important diagnostic challenges. Electrical field effect-sensors are an important class of devices that can enable point-of-care sensing by probing the charge in the biological entities. Use of crumpled graphene for this application is especially promising.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLife history studies have established that trade-offs between growth and survival are common both within and among species. Identifying the factor(s) that mediate this trade-off has proven difficult, however, especially at the among-species level. In this study, we examined a series of potentially interrelated traits in a community of temperate-zone passerine birds to help understand the putative causes and consequences of variation in early-life growth among species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic acid sensors have realized much success in detecting positively charged and neutral molecules, but have rarely been applied for measuring negatively charged molecules, such as fluoride, even though an effective sensor is needed to promote dental health while preventing osteofluorosis and other diseases. To address this issue, we herein report a quantitative fluoride sensor with a portable fluorometer readout based on fluoride riboswitch-regulated transcription coupled with CRISPR-Cas13-based signal amplification. This tandem sensor utilizes the fluoride riboswitch to regulate transcription and generate full-length transcribed RNA that can be recognized by CRISPR-Cas13a, triggering the collateral cleavage of the fluorophore-quencher labeled RNA probe and generating a fluorescence signal output.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeat Sci
February 2022
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 74078, United States.
Previous studies have noted lower L* (lightness) values for both dark-cutting beef and normal-pH beef enhanced with lactate. In the current study, absorption-coefficient, scattering-coefficient, CIE L*a*b* values, refractive index of sarcoplasm, and inter-muscle bundle space were evaluated for dark-cutting beef, normal-pH beef enhanced with lactate, normal-pH beef enhanced with water, and normal-pH beef not enhanced with either water or lactate. Compared with non-enhanced loins, lactate-enhancement had lower a*, chroma, oxymyoglobin, reflectance, scattering, and inter-muscle bundle space as well as greater absorption and refractive index.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study compares the space-time patterns and characteristics of high-risk areas of COVID-19 transmission in Hong Kong between January 23 and April 14 (the first and second waves) and between July 6 and August 29 (the third wave). Using space-time scan statistics and the contact tracing data of individual confirmed cases, we detect the clusters of residences of, and places visited by, both imported and local cases. We also identify the built-environment and demographic characteristics of the high-risk areas during different waves of COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs anthropogenic emissions continue to decline and emissions from landscape (wild, prescribed, and agricultural) fires increase across the coming century, the relative importance of landscape-fire smoke on air quality and health in the United States (US) will increase. Landscape fires are a large source of fine particulate matter (PM), which has known negative impacts on human health. The seasonal and spatial distribution, particle composition, and co-emitted species in landscape-fire emissions are different from anthropogenic sources of PM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRSC Chem Biol
June 2021
Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 76049 Karlsruhe Germany
Optical fluorescence microscopy has taken center stage in the exploration of biological structure and dynamics, especially on live specimens, and super-resolution imaging methods continue to deliver exciting new insights into the molecular foundations of life. Progress in the field, however, crucially hinges on advances in fluorescent marker technology. Among these, fluorescent proteins (FPs) of the GFP family are advantageous because they are genetically encodable, so that live cells, tissues or organisms can produce these markers all by themselves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanoscale Adv
February 2021
Bindley Bioscience Center, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA.
Chromatin is spatially organized in a hierarchical manner by virtue of single nucleosomes condensing into higher order chromatin structures, conferring various mechanical properties and biochemical signals. These higher order chromatin structures regulate genomic function by organization of the heterochromatin and euchromatin landscape. Less is known about its transition state from higher order heterochromatin to the lower order nucleosome form, and there is no information on its physical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground Evidence suggests that subjective (perceived) social status (SSS) may predict health outcomes more strongly than objective social status, but little is known about the relationship between SSS and cardiovascular health (CVH). This study focuses on this relationship among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults because while poor CVH profiles are prevalent in this population, immigration complicates attempts to measure their social status. Methods and Results We analyzed baseline HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) data on 15 374 Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18 to 74 years in 2008 to 2011.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
July 2021
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
Bimetallic catalysts provide opportunities to overcome scaling laws governing selectivity of CO reduction (COR). Cu/Au nanoparticles show promise for COR, but Au surface segregation on particles with sizes ≥7 nm prevent investigation of surface atom ensembles. Here we employ ultrasmall (2 nm) Cu/Au nanoparticles as catalysts for COR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver the last decades, climate science has evolved rapidly across multiple expert domains. Our best tools to capture state-of-the-art knowledge in an internally self-consistent modeling framework are the increasingly complex fully coupled Earth System Models (ESMs). However, computational limitations and the structural rigidity of ESMs mean that the full range of uncertainties across multiple domains are difficult to capture with ESMs alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGeoenergy and geoengineering applications usually involve fluid injection into and production from fractured media. Accounting for fractures is important because of the strong poromechanical coupling that ties pore pressure changes and deformation. A possible approach to the problem uses equivalent porous media to reduce the computational cost and model complexity instead of explicitly including fractures in the models.
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