3,815 results match your criteria: "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign[Affiliation]"

Molecular target for sprayable double-stranded RNA-based biopesticide against Amphitetranychus viennensis (Acari, Tetranychidae).

Int J Biol Macromol

December 2024

College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi, China. Electronic address:

Amphitetranychus viennensis, a destructive pest mite of fruit plants in Europe and Asia, poses a serious challenge due to its adaptability and resistance to multiple acaricides. RNA interference (RNAi)-based technologies offer a promising alternative to address this emerging issue. In this study, we screened for candidate genes that can be targeted for spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS).

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Solar-powered pumping at a remote denitrifying bioreactor.

J Environ Manage

December 2024

Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, AW-101 Turner Hall, 1103 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA. Electronic address:

Pumping surface water from a ditch into a denitrifying woodchip bioreactor could improve nitrate-nitrogen (N) removal by minimizing flow variabilities such as early flow cessation at a given subsurface drainage outlet and flashy drainage hydrographs. Few field-scale subsurface drainage bioreactors with pumping configurations have been assessed. Such evaluations would help better bound reasonable expectations of the benefits and drawbacks at these more advanced bioreactors.

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A wearable alcohol biosensor: Exploring the accuracy of transdermal drinking detection.

Drug Alcohol Depend

November 2024

School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA; Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.

Background: Trace amounts of consumed alcohol are detectable within sweat and insensible perspiration. However, the relationship between ingested and transdermally emitted alcohol is complex, varying across environmental conditions and involving a degree of lag. As such, the feasibility of real-time drinking detection across diverse environments has been unclear.

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Cell- and tissue-specific glycosylation pathways informed by single-cell transcriptomics.

NAR Genom Bioinform

December 2024

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,  University at Buffalo-SUNY, 308 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.

While single-cell studies have made significant impacts in various subfields of biology, they lag in the Glycosciences. To address this gap, we analyzed single-cell glycogene expressions in the Tabula Sapiens dataset of human tissues and cell types using a recent glycosylation-specific gene ontology (GlycoEnzOnto). At the median sequencing (count) depth, ∼40-50 out of 400 glycogenes were detected in individual cells.

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Spintronic devices and applications using noncollinear chiral antiferromagnets.

Nanoscale Horiz

December 2024

Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA.

Antiferromagnetic materials have several unique properties, such as a vanishingly small net magnetization, which generates weak dipolar fields and makes them robust against perturbation from external magnetic fields and rapid magnetization dynamics, as dictated by the geometric mean of their exchange and anisotropy energies. However, experimental and theoretical techniques to detect and manipulate the antiferromagnetic order in a fully electrical manner must be developed to enable advanced spintronic devices with antiferromagnets as their active spin-dependent elements. Among the various antiferromagnetic materials, conducting antiferromagnets offer high electrical and thermal conductivities and strong electron-spin-phonon interactions.

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Overexpression of ELF3 in the PTEN-deficient lung epithelium promotes lung cancer development by inhibiting ferroptosis.

Cell Death Dis

December 2024

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Centre for Infection Immunity and Cancer (IIC) of Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Ferroptosis has been shown to play a crucial role in preventing cancer development, but the underlying mechanisms of dysregulated genes and genetic alternations driving cancer development by regulating ferroptosis remain unclear. Here, we showed that the synergistic role of ELF3 overexpression and PTEN deficiency in driving lung cancer development was highly dependent on the regulation of ferroptosis. Human ELF3 (hELF3) overexpression in murine lung epithelial cells only caused hyperplasia with increased proliferation and ferroptosis.

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Prevalence and herd-level risk factors associated with Brucella infection in smallholders keeping large ruminants.

Res Vet Sci

December 2024

Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; UKMC, Manchester M11 1AA, UK. Electronic address:

Brucellosis is a disease that poses a higher risk of transmission to animals and people who have close interactions with them, such as farmers. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis and associated risk factors in Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. One hundred pooled milk samples from 100 smallholder mixed herds of cows and buffaloes with a total study population of 425 animals (277 cattle and 148 buffalos) with a range of up to seven animals in each herd were collected and tested through a milk ring test (MRT).

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Analyzing temporal patterns in frequent emergency department visits among oncology patients using semantic similarity measures.

Am J Emerg Med

December 2024

Coordinator for Research and Development, Montana VA Healthcare System, Fort Harrison, MT, United States of America.

Purpose: Patients with cancer face complex challenges that often lead them to seek care in emergency departments (EDs) for acute symptoms and complications. While previous studies have examined preventable ED visits by patients with cancer, less attention has focused on frequent ED use in this population. This study aimed to explore the temporal visit patterns of frequent ED users with cancer.

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Background: There is limited research comparing both performance and brain control of walking between older adults with progressive and relapsing-remitting MS.

Objective: This study compared older adults with progressive and relapsing-remitting MS for differences in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation in single- and dual-task-walking and practice-related effects on neural efficiency, walking, and cognitive performances.

Methods: Older adults with progressive (n = 32, age=65±6ys) and relapsing-remitting (n = 63, age=65±4ys) MS completed three conditions (single-task walk, single-task-alpha, i.

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Background: Rare diseases affect millions worldwide but sometimes face limited research focus individually due to low prevalence. Many rare diseases do not have specific International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition (ICD-9) and Tenth Edition (ICD-10), codes and therefore cannot be reliably extracted from granular fields like "Diagnosis" and "Problem List" entries, which complicates tasks that require identification of patients with these conditions, including clinical trial recruitment and research efforts. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating the extraction of medical information, offering the potential to improve medical research, diagnosis, and management.

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Despite concerns about potential side effects, based both on historical experience with plasma products and more recent concerns about contemporary use of plasma, COVID-19 convalescent plasma has been shown to be a very safe product. Research early in the COVID-19 pandemic documented-among the very large population of convalescent plasma recipients in the US Convalescent Plasma Study component of the FDA-authorized Expanded Access Program-that the overall risk profile was no different than that seen for fresh frozen plasma, a product used routinely in medical practice. The safety of CCP was further demonstrated using real-world evidence, pragmatic trials, and formal randomized trials.

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Organoids are multicellular structures formed from populations of individual cells allowing modeling of structural and functional aspects of organs and tissues in normal and diseased states. They offer unique opportunities to model and treat disease. Using a mouse embryonic stem cell line, we have cultured organoids that express markers of spinal cord motor neurons as well as motor neurons found within the peripheral nervous system.

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Plant vendors generate a commercial species pool, the subset of species in a regional flora that is purchasable. The availability of plant species from commercial vendors can influence the composition and outcomes of conservation, landscaping, and restoration plantings. Although previous research suggests that most plant species are unavailable, there is little information that identifies the plant characteristics associated with commercial availability.

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We consider agents in a social network competing to be selected as partners in collaborative, mutually beneficial activities. We study this through a model in which an agent i can initiate a limited number k_{i}>0 of games and selects partners from its one-hop neighborhood. Each agent can accept as many games offered by its neighbors.

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Objectives: To implement, examine the feasibility of, and evaluate the performance of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) with a handheld point-of-care US (POCUS) device for assessing liver fat in adults.

Materials And Methods: This prospective IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant pilot study enrolled adults with overweight or obesity. Participants underwent chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging to estimate proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and, within 1 mo, QUS with a POCUS device by expert sonographers and novice operators (no prior US scanning experience).

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While advancements have improved the extent to which individual brain imaging approaches capture information regarding spatial or temporal dynamics of brain activity, the connections between these aspects and their relation to psychological functioning remain only partially understood. Acquisition and integration across multiple brain imaging modalities allows for the possible clarification of these connections. The present review provides an overview of three complementary modalities - functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography/event-related potentials (EEG/ERP), and event-related optical signals (EROS)- and discusses progress and considerations for each modality, along with a summary of a novel protocol for acquiring them simultaneously.

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To evaluate the cross-sectional association of physical activity during pregnancy with gestational weight gain and verify if associations are modified by levels of sleep duration and efficiency. Mothers who were participants of the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort study were analyzed. Physical activity (PA) and sleep were measured using the nondominant wrist accelerometer model wGT3X-BT (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL).

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We present here a dual-channel nanoelectrode to detect both redox-active and non-redox-active analytes. The dual-channel nanoelectrode was developed from theta nanopipette. We developed one channel of the theta nanopipette to be a carbon nanoelectrode and the other channel to be a nano interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (nanoITIES) electrode, producing a nano-carbon-ITIES platform.

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Various pet food diet formats are available, but many are poorly studied. The objective of this study was to determine the apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of frozen raw, freeze-dried raw, fresh, and extruded dog foods and assess their effects on serum metabolites, hematology, and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. Ten beagle dogs (4.

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Improving Recovery of Diatoms Bio-Silica Using Chemical Treatment with VAUS.

Materials (Basel)

November 2024

Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea.

High-temperature baking is a typical method to remove organic matter from diatoms, but it is not suitable for bio-silica because of the high crystallinity. This study provides a method using the VAUS to remove organic matter from diatoms more quickly and biocompatibly. The optimal frequency for organic matter removal was investigated for domestically produced .

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Overcoming Challenges in Small-Molecule Drug Bioavailability: A Review of Key Factors and Approaches.

Int J Mol Sci

December 2024

Division of Cancer Research and Training, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

The bioavailability of small-molecule drugs remains a critical challenge in pharmaceutical development, significantly impacting therapeutic efficacy and commercial viability. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding and overcoming bioavailability limitations, focusing on key physicochemical and biological factors influencing drug absorption and distribution. We examine cutting-edge strategies for enhancing bioavailability, including innovative formulation approaches, rational structural modifications, and the application of artificial intelligence in drug design.

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Strain superlattices (SL) in 2D materials like graphene provide an ideal test bed for generating flat bands and exploring the effects of strong correlations. Here we report STM/STS measurements on an engineered SL generated by placing graphene on a periodic array of silica nanospheres. A pseudomagnetic field as high as 55 T is observed along with the formation of pseudo-Landau levels (pLLs), not only at the expected integer values but also at fractional values.

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Facile Interfacial Reduction Suppresses Redox Chemical Expansion and Promotes the Polaronic to Ionic Transition in Mixed Conducting (Pr,Ce)O Nanoparticles.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

December 2024

Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.

Mixed ionic/electronic conductors (MIECs) are essential components of solid-state electrochemical devices, such as solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells. For efficient performance, MIECs are typically nanostructured, to enhance the reaction kinetics. However, the effect of nanostructuring on MIEC chemo-mechanical coupling and transport properties, which also impact cell durability and efficiency, has not yet been well understood.

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