Capillary Proliferation in Systemic-Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis: Association with Pulmonary Hypertension.

Objective: We sought to determine if any histopathologic component of the pulmonary microcirculation can distinguish systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related pulmonary fibrosis (PF) with and without pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods: Two pulmonary pathologists blindly evaluated 360 histologic slides from lungs of 31 SSc-PF explants or autopsies with (n = 22) and without (n = 9) PH. The presence of abnormal small arteries, veins, and capillaries (pulmonary microcirculation) was semiquantitatively assessed in areas of preserved lung architecture.

Introduction to the special issue on innovative interventions and approaches to expand medication assisted treatment: Seizing research opportunities made available by the opioid STR program.

The 21st Century Cures Act is the most significant piece of U.S. legislation aimed at tackling the opioid epidemic to date.

Serum Calcification Propensity and Clinical Events in CKD.

Background And Objectives: Patients with CKD are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, ESKD, and mortality. Vascular calcification is one pathway through which cardiovascular disease risks are increased. We hypothesized that a novel measure of serum calcification propensity is associated with cardiovascular disease events, ESKD, and all-cause mortality among patients with CKD stages 2-4.

Binocular Treatment of Amblyopia: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To review the published literature assessing the efficacy of binocular therapy for the treatment of amblyopia compared with standard treatments.

Methods: Literature searches with no date restrictions and limited to the English language were conducted in January 2018 and updated in April 2019 in the PubMed database and the Cochrane Library database with no restrictions. The search yielded 286 citations, and the full text of 50 articles was reviewed.

Quality of Life of Caregivers of Children With Glaucoma in an Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: To evaluate the quality of life (QoL) measures of caregivers of children with glaucoma using the Caregiver's Congenital Glaucoma Quality of Life (CarCGQoL) questionnaire.

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study undertaken at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. QoL of the caregivers, the main outcome, was assessed using the 20-item CarCGQoL questionnaire.

Quantifying the Effect of Plasma Viscosity on In Vivo Dialyzer Performance.

Dialyzer manufacturers characterize performance of their devices based on measurements of clearance using crystalloid solutions. Typically, in vitro dialyzer mass transfer area coefficients for urea (K0A) are substantially higher than values measured in vivo. The reason for this reduction has not been clearly determined.

Universal screening for thyroid disease during pregnancy should be performed.

Thyroid disease can significantly impact the pregnant woman and her child. Human and animal studies have firmly linked overt hypothyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism to miscarriage, preterm delivery and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Overt hypothyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism affect 1% of all pregnancies.

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are the newest class of anti-hyperglycemic medications used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Their increasing use has been driven by their apparent cardiovascular and renal benefits. They have been associated with a small but significantly increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Self-management for adults with epilepsy: Aggregate Managing Epilepsy Well Network findings on depressive symptoms.

Objective: To assess depressive symptom outcomes in a pooled sample of epilepsy self-management randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the Managing Epilepsy Well (MEW) Network integrated research database (MEW DB).

Methods: Five prospective RCTs involving 453 adults with epilepsy compared self-management intervention (n = 232) versus treatment as usual or wait-list control outcomes (n = 221). Depression was assessed with the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire.

Microsurgical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms After Failed Flow Diversion.

Background: Flow diversion has become increasingly popular for treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the past few years. In an increasing number of patients with aneurysms, flow diversion (FD) has failed, with a paucity of reported data regarding salvage treatment for these challenging cases.

Methods: We present a multicenter series of 13 aneurysms for which FD failed and that were subsequently treated with open surgery.

Prevalence and characteristics of adult shellfish allergy in the United States.

Shellfish allergy affects a substantial proportion of US adults, many of whom develop the disease during adulthood. Crustacean and mollusk allergies have different manifestations including differing symptomatology, geographic distribution, and are often not comorbid.

Biogenetic ties and parent-child relationships: The misplaced critique.

According to an almost axiomatic standard in bioethics, moral commitment should ground parents' relationship with their children, rather than biogenetic relatedness. This standard has been used lately to express skepticism about extending existing assisted reproductive treatments (ARTs) to same-sex couples and to research into novel fertility interventions for those couples, but this skepticism is misplaced on several grounds. As a matter of access and equity, same-sex couples seem presumptively entitled to genetic relatedness to their children as far as possible both in regard to existing ARTs and to novel ARTs under investigation.

A Comparison of Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy and External Dacryocystorhinostomy: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) compared with external DCR.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database in March 2016 and updated in October 2017 and February 2019. The search strategy was designed to update the first Ophthalmic Technology Assessment on endonasal DCR from 2001 by identifying new peer-reviewed human studies reported since 2000 in the English language that compare results of endonasal DCR with those of external DCR.

Intraocular Lens Implantation during Early Childhood: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes and adverse events associated with optical correction using an intraocular lens (IOL), contact lenses, or spectacles after cataract surgery in children 2 years of age or younger.

Methods: Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the databases of clinical trials in February 2019, without date or language restrictions. The search resulted in 194 potentially relevant citations, and 34 were selected for full-text review.

Clinicians' Perspectives on Barriers and Enablers of Optimal Prescribing in Patients with Dementia and Coexisting Conditions.

Purpose: Patients with dementia experience high rates of polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medication use, and adverse drug events. There is little guidance for clinicians on how to optimize prescribing for this population. Our objective was to investigate clinician-perceived barriers to and facilitators of optimizing prescribing for people with dementia.

The TiME Trial: A Fully Embedded, Cluster-Randomized, Pragmatic Trial of Hemodialysis Session Duration.

Background: Data from clinical trials to inform practice in maintenance hemodialysis are limited. Incorporating randomized trials into dialysis clinical care delivery should help generate practice-guiding evidence, but the feasibility of this approach has not been established.

Methods: To develop approaches for embedding trials into routine delivery of maintenance hemodialysis, we performed a cluster-randomized, pragmatic trial demonstration project, the Time to Reduce Mortality in ESRD (TiME) trial, evaluating effects of session duration on mortality (primary outcome) and hospitalization rate.

Monocanalicular Stents in Eyelid Lacerations: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and complication rates of monocanalicular stents in the setting of canalicular lacerations.

Methods: A literature search was performed in May 2018 in the PubMed database to identify all English-language reports of monocanalicular stenting to address canalicular lacerations. Studies that did not include at least 10 patients with at least 3 months of follow-up evaluation after surgery were excluded.

Serum Calcification Propensity and Coronary Artery Calcification Among Patients With CKD: The CRIC (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort) Study.

Rationale & Objective: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increases risks for cardiovascular disease events and mortality. We hypothesized that a novel serum measure of calcification propensity is associated with CAC among patients with CKD stages 2 to 4.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

An Online, Self-Directed Curriculum of Core Research Concepts and Skills.

Introduction: Existing scholarly curricula often underemphasize basic research skills and do not address the individual learning needs of residents, whose level of prior exposure to research concepts varies widely. A supplemental educational experience was developed to address educational gaps in a family medicine residency curriculum, including systematic exploration and interpretation of the medical literature, development and exploration of clinically pertinent questions, and development of residents' written communication skills.

Methods: A 2-week, online, self-directed research curriculum was developed.

Durability of Benefits From Supervised Treadmill Exercise in People With Peripheral Artery Disease.

Background It is currently unknown whether 6 months of supervised treadmill exercise has a durable benefit on 6-minute walk performance, even after exercise is completed, in people with peripheral artery disease. Methods and Results A total of 156 participants with peripheral artery disease were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: supervised treadmill exercise, supervised resistance training, or attention control. Participants received supervised sessions during months 1 to 6 and telephone contact during months 6 to 12.

Anorectal tuberculosis as a chronic rectal mass mimicking rectal prolapse in a child-a case report.

Tuberculosis of the colon commonly involves the ascending,transverse, or sigmoid colon while rectal involvement in tuberculosis is uncommon and poorly characterized. We report a six-year-old male from Nepal who presented with abdominal pain and difficulty passing stool for two years. On per rectal examination, palpation revealed a circumferential rectal mass.