Two-Dimensional Materials for Brain-Inspired Computing Hardware.

Recent breakthroughs in brain-inspired computing promise to address a wide range of problems from security to healthcare. However, the current strategy of implementing artificial intelligence algorithms using conventional silicon hardware is leading to unsustainable energy consumption. Neuromorphic hardware based on electronic devices mimicking biological systems is emerging as a low-energy alternative, although further progress requires materials that can mimic biological function while maintaining scalability and speed.

Heterogeneity of Apolipoprotein B Levels Among Hispanic or Latino Individuals Residing in the US.

Importance: Apolipoprotein B (apoB) distribution and its implications as an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk-enhancing factor among individuals of diverse Hispanic or Latino backgrounds have not been described.

Objective: To describe the distribution of apoB in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) cohort and to characterize associations of baseline sociodemographic and clinical variables with apoB and self-identified Hispanic or Latino background.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The HCHS/SOL was a prospective, population-based cohort study of diverse Hispanic or Latino adults living in the US who were recruited and screened between March 2008 and June 2011.

Parent-Targeted Oral Health Text Messaging for Underserved Children Attending Pediatric Clinics: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, with substantial health disparities.

Objective: To test whether parent-targeted oral health text (OHT) messages outperform child wellness text (CWT) messages on pediatric caries increment and oral health behaviors among underserved children attending pediatric well-child visits.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The parallel randomized clinical trial, Interactive Parent-Targeted Text Messaging in Pediatric Clinics to Reduce Caries Among Urban Children (iSmile), included participants who were recruited during pediatric medical clinic visits at 4 sites in Boston, Massachusetts, that serve low-income and racially and ethnically diverse (herein, underserved) populations.

Esophagectomy Trends and Postoperative Outcomes at Private Equity-Acquired Health Centers.

Importance: Growing trends in private equity acquisition of acute care hospitals in the US have motivated investigations into quality of care delivered at these health centers. While some studies have explored comparative outcomes for high-acuity medical conditions, care trends and outcomes of complex surgical procedures, such as esophagectomy, at private equity-acquired hospitals is unknown.

Objective: To compare structural characteristics and postoperative outcomes following esophagectomy between private equity-acquired and nonacquired health centers.

Physicians-in-training and advanced practice providers perceptions in managing perioperative obstructive sleep apnea: a multi-institutional survey.

Study Objectives: Physicians-in-training (residents, fellows) and Advanced Practice Providers (APPs) receive limited education on sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). They often assess patients first. We aimed to understand their views on OSA and screening for OSA in the perioperative period.

Families of adults with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy: psychosocial impact and contribution to symptom management.

Study Objectives: This study examined the impact of central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) on family members of adult patients, the ways family members assist with managing CDH, and family members' utilization and satisfaction with information and support.

Methods: Participants were adults (N=100) with an adult family member diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. They completed a survey which included the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16), checklists, satisfaction ratings, and open-response questions.

APC 4099 has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against both bacteria and fungi and produces several antimicrobial peptides, including the novel circular bacteriocin safencin E.

Unlabelled: APC 4099, isolated from bees' gut, has been identified as a promising candidate for food biopreservation. Antimicrobial activity screening revealed a broad-spectrum inhibition potential, ranging from gram-positive pathogenic bacteria to fungi responsible for food spoilage. Genomic analysis identified biosynthetic gene clusters coding for several antimicrobial peptides and secondary metabolites.

Biophysical and Structural Features of αβT-Cell Receptor Mechanosensing: A Paradigmatic Shift in Understanding T-Cell Activation.

αβT cells protect vertebrates against many diseases, optimizing surveillance using mechanical force to distinguish between pathophysiologic cellular alterations and normal self-constituents. The multi-subunit αβT-cell receptor (TCR) operates outside of thermal equilibrium, harvesting energy via physical forces generated by T-cell motility and actin-myosin machinery. When a peptide-bound major histocompatibility complex molecule (pMHC) on an antigen presenting cell is ligated, the αβTCR on the T cell leverages force to form a catch bond, prolonging bond lifetime, and enhancing antigen discrimination.

Structurally-oriented classification of FOXA1 alterations identifies prostate cancers with opposing clinical outcomes and distinct molecular and immunologic subtypes.

Purpose: 10-15% of prostate cancers (PCa) harbor recurrent FOXA1 aberrations whereby the alteration type and the effect on the forkhead( FKH) domain impacts protein-function. We developed a FOXA1 classification system to inform clinical management.

Experimental Design: 5,014 PCa were examined using whole exome and transcriptome sequencing from the Caris database.

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus. It is diagnosed in the setting of symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and an eosinophilic predominant infiltrate in the esophagus. The condition is rapidly increasing in incidence and prevalence and is commonly encountered in gastroenterology and allergy practices, emergency departments, and primary care settings.

Mechanistic Insights into the Enhanced Ammonia Oxidation Activity of PtRh Electrodeposits.

Ammonia has garnered significant attention as a promising hydrogen carrier due to its high volumetric energy density, milder storage conditions, and relatively mature infrastructure. The electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) can facilitate the release of hydrogen from ammonia at the point of use, enabling on-demand hydrogen production without the need for high pressure storage. However, current AOR catalysts exhibit high overpotentials and sluggish kinetics, and they are susceptible to poisoning by AOR byproducts.

Dedifferentiation of a Chondrosarcoma of the Larynx: A Case Report.

Background: Chondrosarcomas of the larynx, relatively rare tumors with low grade pathology in approximately 95% of cases, can most often be managed with conservation laryngeal procedures. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas are much more rare and aggressive requiring more aggressive surgical extirpation.

Methods: A patient underwent three debulking procedures for a laryngeal chondrosarcoma Grade I/II histologically over a 2.

Effectiveness Overview of Agricultural Conservation Practices for Water Quality Improvement Part II.

Although significant governmental investment has been provided to implement agricultural conservation practices (ACPs) for water quality improvement, eutrophication and hypoxia persist in coastal and fresh waters. A better understanding of the comparative effectiveness of ACPs is needed to improve environmental outcomes with the funding available. The objectives of this overview article are to (1) compare the performance and cost effectiveness among all the ACPs reviewed in both the first and second editions of the Special Collection and (2) present critical perspectives for researchers, policymakers, and funding entities seeking to improve water quality.

Morpho-physiological and transcriptomic responses of field pennycress to waterlogging.

Field pennycress () is a new biofuel winter annual crop with extreme cold hardiness and a short life cycle, enabling off-season integration into corn and soybean rotations across the U.S. Midwest.

Leaf functional traits highlight phenotypic variation of two tree species in the urban environment.

Urbanization is transforming landscapes globally, altering environmental conditions that affect ecosystem functioning, particularly in urban areas where trees are crucial for regulating microclimates, improving air quality, and sustaining biodiversity. This study investigates the environmental differences and tree leaf structure and morphology in urban and suburban sites in the Chicago Metropolitan Region. The leaf functional traits of Norway Maple and Little - leaved Linden were studied in three locations in the summer of 2023: an urban park (University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL), a suburban park (Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL), and a suburban residential site (Lombard, IL).

Mallard Hybridization With Domesticated Lineages Alters Spring Migration Behavior and Timing.

Introgressive hybridization, the interbreeding and gene flow between different species, has become increasingly common in the Anthropocene, where human-induced ecological changes and the introduction of captively reared individuals are increasing secondary contact among closely related species, leading to gene flow between wild and domesticated lineages. As a result, domesticated-wild hybridization may potentially affect individual fitness, leading to maladaptive effects such as shifts in behavior or life-history decisions (e.g.

Diurnal temperature variation in surface soils: an underappreciated control on microbial processes.

Large diurnal temperature changes (ΔT) (or the diurnal temperature range (DTR)) in surface soils, ranging from 5°C to often greater than 20°C, are generally acknowledged to occur yet largely disregarded in studies that seek to understand how temperature affects microbially-mediated carbon and nitrogen cycling processes. The soil DTR is globally significant at depths of 30 cm or less, occurring from spring through summer in temperate biomes, during summer periods in the arctic, and year-round in the tropics. Thus, although temperature has long been considered an important factor in controlling microbial processes, our understanding of its effects remains incomplete when considering natural soil temperature cycles.

Cognitive aspects of motor control deteriorate while off treatment following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation surgery in Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: The long-term effects of surgery for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on cognitive aspects of motor control for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely unknown. We compared saccade latency and reach reaction time (RT) pre- and post-surgery while participants with PD were off-treatment.

Methods: In this preliminary study, we assessed people with PD approximately 1 month pre-surgery while OFF medication (OFF-MEDS) and about 8 months post-surgery while OFF medication and STN-DBS treatment (OFF-MEDS/OFF-DBS).

Trends in exercise therapy research for neurological diseases: a bibliometric and visualization approach from 2000 to 2024.

Background: Neurological disorders are one of the major global health burdens, and exercise therapy has been widely recognized as a beneficial intervention. However, the existing literature has primarily focused on summarizing the interventions, complications, and influencing factors, with relatively limited systematic comparisons and summaries.

Methods: This study employed a bibliometric analysis approach, using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software to analyze the literature on the application of exercise therapy in neurological disorders from 2000 to 2024, including annual publication volumes, countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, keyword co-occurrences, keyword clustering, keyword timelines, and keyword bursts.

Genotype-microbiome-metabolome associations in early childhood and their link to BMI.

Through the analysis of data from children aged 6 months to 8 years enrolled in the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), significant simultaneous associations were identified between variants in the fragile histidine triad () gene, children's body mass index, microbiome features related to obesity, and key lipids and amino acids. These patterns represent evidence of the genotype influence in shaping the host microbiome in developing stages and new potential biomarkers for childhood obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.

Characterization of an Ecdysone Oxidase from (L.) and Its Role in Bt Cry1Ac Resistance.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying insect resistance to (Bt) pesticidal proteins is crucial for sustainable pest management. Here, we found that downregulation of the ecdysone oxidase gene () in the normal feeding stages contributes to increased 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) titer and mediates resistance to the Bt Cry1Ac toxin. The gene was cloned and its expression was significantly downregulated in the midgut of Bt-resistant and Cry1Ac-selected .

Success of Three Materials and Influence of Behavior Guidance in Primary Molar Pulpotomies : A Retrospective Study.

To assess the effectiveness of Biodentine (BD), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and ferric sulfate (FS) as pulpotomy agents in primary molars and evaluate the impact of behavior guidance strategies on pulpotomy success. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data from 374 cases (50.5 percent male, aged two to 10 years) undergoing 469 pulpotomies at a university pediatric clinic between April 1, 2016 and January 1, 2020 were analyzed.

Oral Manifestations of Vitamin C Deficiency in a Toddler.

Vitamin C deficiency, colloquially known as scurvy, has become rare in modern times due to the widespread availability of ascorbic acid-rich foods. Despite this, it continues to be a concern in certain at-risk populations. The purpose of this report is to describe the case of a two-year-old girl who initially presented to a pediatric dental clinic with the chief complaint of hypertrophic gingiva and bleeding.