Medical Students' Attitudes Toward the COVID-19 Vaccine and Medical School Vaccine Education: A Survey Study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how demographic factors influence medical students' attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and their perceptions of vaccine education in medical school curricula.

Methods: A 28-question anonymous online survey was distributed to 640 medical students at one academic medical institution. Individual attitudes toward vaccines were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale.

Fire in the tree: The origin and distribution of fire-adapted traits within conifers and their influence on speciation rates across the conifer phylogeny.

Premise: Considering rapidly changing fire regimes due to anthropogenic disturbances to climate and fuel loads, it is crucial to understand the underpinnings driving fire-adapted trait evolution. Among the oldest lineages affected by fire is Coniferae. This lineage occupies a variety of fire prone and non-fire prone habitats across all hemispheres and has four fire-adapted traits: (1) thick bark; (2) serotiny; (3) seedling grass stage; and (4) resprouting ability.

Space exploration and risk of Parkinson's disease: a perspective review.

Systemic mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine loss, sustained structural changes in the basal ganglia including reduced tyrosine hydroxylase, and altered gait- these effects observed in space-flown animals and astronauts mirrors Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence of mitochondrial changes in space-flown human cells, examined through the lens of PD, suggests that spaceflight-induced PD-like molecular changes are important to monitor during deep space exploration. These changes, may potentially elevate the risk of PD in astronauts.

Effectiveness and Safety of Treatments for Early-Stage Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Non-Randomized Studies.

Objective: The lack of consensus on the benefits and harms of standard therapies, including surgery (SRx), radiotherapy (RTx), chemotherapy (CTx), and their combinations among early-stage MCC, prompted this study.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized studies published between January 01, 1972, and January 31, 2023, and having overall survival (OS), local recurrence (LR), regional recurrence (RR), disease-specific survival (DSS), and/or disease-free survival (DFS) as outcomes was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed (NCBI), Scopus (ELSEVIER), and Web of Science (CLAVIRATE) databases. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their variances were pooled using the inverse variance heterogeneity model.

Deep learning-based aberration compensation improves contrast and resolution in fluorescence microscopy.

Optical aberrations hinder fluorescence microscopy of thick samples, reducing image signal, contrast, and resolution. Here we introduce a deep learning-based strategy for aberration compensation, improving image quality without slowing image acquisition, applying additional dose, or introducing more optics. Our method (i) introduces synthetic aberrations to images acquired on the shallow side of image stacks, making them resemble those acquired deeper into the volume and (ii) trains neural networks to reverse the effect of these aberrations.

Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of the MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) Maternal Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine Trial.

Objective: To evaluate descriptive efficacy data, exploratory immunogenicity data, and safety follow-up through study completion from the global, phase 3 MATISSE (Maternal Immunization Study for Safety and Efficacy) maternal vaccination trial of bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVpreF).

Methods: MATISSE was a phase 3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Healthy pregnant participants aged 49 years or younger at 24-36 weeks of gestation were randomized (1:1) to receive a single RSVpreF 120 micrograms or placebo dose.

Compulsive exercise and disordered eating in college men: Body shame as a mediator for appearance pressures, a mixed methods study.

The present mixed-method study aims to understand the association between sociocultural pressures, disordered eating, and compulsive exercise in men, with body shame as a mediator. We surveyed 263 U.S.

Long-term feeding of high plant-based diets supplemented with additive mixtures improves the fillet quality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Although more sustainable, feeding fish solely plant protein (PP) deteriorates their fillet quality more than animal counterparts, which additives can alleviate. This study investigated the effects of supplementing high PP diets with two additive mixtures on the fillet quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (∼2.

An Artificial Intelligence-Based Non-Invasive Approach for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Stratification in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: A Narrative Review.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe condition associated with numerous cardiovascular complications, including heart failure. The complex biological and morphological relationship between OSA and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) poses challenges in predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While artificial intelligence (AI) has shown potential for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke risks in other conditions, there is a lack of detailed, bias-free, and compressed AI models for ASCVD and stroke risk stratification in OSA patients.

Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (Sti1/Stip1/Hop) sequesters misfolded proteins during stress.

Co-chaperones are key elements of cellular protein quality control. They cooperate with the major heat shock proteins Hsp70 and Hsp90 in folding proteins and preventing the toxic accumulation of misfolded proteins upon exposure to stress. Hsp90 interacts with the co-chaperone stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (Sti1/Stip1/Hop) and activator of Hsp90 ATPase protein 1 (Aha1) among many others.

Baseline Concussion Testing in High School Athletes: A Gap Between Policy and Practice.

Concussions are a significant concern in high school athletes. Implementation of effective baseline concussion testing procedures can aid athletic trainers and coaches with timely and accurate concussion diagnosis, as well as being used to develop a personalized treatment plan for postconcussion management. The purpose of this policy review was to (a) identify the gap between the current baseline concussion testing policy and practices in the high schools throughout the state, (b) highlight opinions that support the importance of and need for mandatory baseline concussion testing in high school athletes, and (c) identify potential revisions to the present policy to change how baseline concussion testing is done.

Epidemiology and Molecular Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Cow Milk.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern and poses a significant threat to public health. The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, including , also presents a risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, including milk. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of in raw milk in the Chattogram metropolitan area (CMA) of Bangladesh and their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns.

Conscience at the End of Life.

Background/objectives: Caring for patients at the end of life can involve issues that are ethically and legally fraught: withholding or withdrawing artificial nutrition and hydration, pain control that could hasten death, aggressive treatment that is continued when it seems only to be prolonging suffering, patients who request medical assistance in dying, and so forth. Clinicians may find that their deeply held ethical principles conflict with law, institutional policy, or patients' choices. In these situations, they may consider either refusing to participate in procedures that they find morally abhorrent (conscientious refusal) or providing care that they believe to be ethically obligatory despite being contrary to law or policy (conscientious commitment).

State Variation in Uptake of Pharmacy-Based CLIA-Waived Testing: Impact of Laws and Regulations.

Community pharmacies have grown to be an increasingly important provider of CLIA-waived tests, just second to physician offices as the venue with the most waivers. Yet, individual variation is still observed across states with respect to the percentage of pharmacies holding a CLIA-waiver, with a reported range of 10.7% in Massachusetts to 87.

Nitrogen Deposition Weakens Soil Carbon Control of Nitrogen Dynamics Across the Contiguous United States.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is unequally distributed across space and time, with inputs to terrestrial ecosystems impacted by industry regulations and variations in human activity. Soil carbon (C) content normally controls the fraction of mineralized N that is nitrified (ƒ), affecting N bioavailability for plants and microbes. However, it is unknown whether N deposition has modified the relationships among soil C, net N mineralization, and net nitrification.

Part II. Common questions and misconceptions about creatine supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?

Creatine monohydrate supplementation (CrM) is a safe and effective intervention for improving certain aspects of sport, exercise performance, and health across the lifespan. Despite its evidence-based pedigree, several questions and misconceptions about CrM remain. To initially address some of these concerns, our group published a narrative review in 2021 discussing the scientific evidence as to whether CrM leads to water retention and fat accumulation, is a steroid, causes hair loss, dehydration or muscle cramping, adversely affects renal and liver function, and if CrM is safe and/or effective for children, adolescents, biological females, and older adults.

Polyol-Induced 100-Fold Enhancement of Bacterial Ice Nucleation Efficiency.

Ice-nucleating proteins (INPs) from bacteria like are among the most effective ice nucleators known. However, large INP aggregates with maximum ice nucleation activity (at approximately -2 °C) typically account for less than 1% of the overall ice nucleation activity in bacterial samples. This study demonstrates that polyols significantly enhance the assembly of INPs into large aggregates, dramatically improving bacterial ice nucleation efficiency.

Novel environmental variables help explain winter weather effects on activity and habitat selection of greater sage-grouse along the border of Colorado and Wyoming, USA.

For non-hibernating species within temperate climates, survival during severe winter weather often depends on individuals' behavioral response and available refugia. Identifying refugia habitat that sustains populations during adverse winter conditions can be difficult and complex. This study provides an example of how modeled, biologically relevant snow and weather information can help identify important relationships between habitat selection and dynamic winter landscapes using greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter "sage-grouse") as a model species.

Mathematical comparison of protocols for adapting a bacteriophage to a new host.

Interest in phage therapy-the use of bacterial viruses to treat infections-has increased recently because of the rise of infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the failure to develop new antibiotics to treat those infections. Phages have shown therapeutic promise in recent work, and successful treatment minimally requires giving the patient a phage that will grow on their infecting bacterium. Although nature offers a bountiful and diverse supply of phages, there have been a surprising number of patient infections that could not be treated with phages because no suitable phage was found to kill the patient's bacterium.

Central mechanisms of muscle tone regulation: implications for pain and performance.

Muscle tone represents a foundational property of the motor system with the potential to impact musculoskeletal pain and motor performance. Muscle tone is involuntary, dynamically adaptive, interconnected across the body, sensitive to postural demands, and distinct from voluntary control. Research has historically focused on pathological tone, peripheral regulation, and contributions from passive tissues, without consideration of the neural regulation of active tone and its consequences, particularly for neurologically healthy individuals.

Interpersonal Violence, Emotion Regulation, and Trauma-Coping Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Substance Use, and Risk Engagement Among Women in Jail.

Women in jail report significantly higher rates of interpersonal violence, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and substance use disorders compared to the general population. Exposure to interpersonal violence is associated with PTSD and maladaptive behaviors such as substance use and engagement in risky behaviors. However, less is known about mechanisms, such as emotion regulation and trauma-coping self-efficacy, that might increase or decrease the likelihood of these maladaptive behavioral health outcomes in this population.

is implicated in central nervous system, orofacial and maxillofacial anomalies.

Background: Previous studies in mouse, and zebrafish embryos show strong expression in progenitor cells of neuronal and neural crest tissues suggesting its involvement in neural crest specification. However, the role of human transcription factor activator protein 2 ( in human embryonic central nervous system (CNS), orofacial and maxillofacial development is unknown.

Methods: Through a collaborative work, exome survey was performed in families with congenital CNS, orofacial and maxillofacial anomalies.

Exploring healthcare facilities' blenderized tube feeding policy trends: A survey of registered dietitian nutritionists.

Background: Recent surveys suggest that registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are increasingly supportive of blenderized tube feeding (BTF). However, its actual use in clinical practice continues to lag. This disconnect may be explained by a lack of comprehensive BTF policies.

Management of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars.

Keloid and hypertrophic scars are a result of aberrant wound healing responses within the reticular dermis. They are thought to be secondary to the formation of a disorganized extracellular matrix due to excessive fibroproliferative collagen response. Prevention of these scars focuses on avoiding elective or cosmetic procedures such as piercings in patients at high risk, reducing tension across the lesion, and decreasing the inflammatory response.

Noncombustion Emissions of Organic Acids at a Site near Boise, Idaho.

Gas-phase organic acids are ubiquitous in the atmosphere with mixing ratios of several species, such as formic acid and acetic acid, often as high as several parts per billion by volume (ppbv). Organic acids are produced via photochemical reactions and are also directly emitted from various sources, including combustion, microbial activity, vegetation, soils, and ruminants. We present measurements of gas-phase formic, acetic, propionic, pyruvic, and pentanoic acids from a site near Boise, Idaho, in August 2019 made by iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS).