Socio-economic status and hunger among orphans and vulnerable children households in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Background: HIV/AIDS has contributed to increasing orphans and vulnerable children in Nigeria. A measure of vulnerability is household hunger.

Objective: To assess level of household hunger and associated factors among OVC households in Lagos State.

Long-term survival of children following acute peritoneal dialysis in a resource-limited setting.

Background: There is a paucity of data on long term-outcomes of children who undergo acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) in resource-limited settings. We reviewed the outcomes of children who underwent PD after 18 months of follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in children with acute kidney injury (AKI) who underwent PD.

Breast cancer pathology services in sub-Saharan Africa: a survey within population-based cancer registries.

Background: Pathologists face major challenges in breast cancer diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The major problems identified as impairing the quality of pathology reports are shortcomings of equipment, organization and insufficiently qualified personnel. In addition, in the context of breast cancer, immunohistochemistry (IHC) needs to be available for the evaluation of biomarkers.

Case-control study on ocular changes and ophthalmic Doppler velocimetric indices among preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Objective: To compare the ocular changes and Doppler velocimetric indices in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.

Methods And Analysis: This was a case-control study of 71 preeclamptic women and 72 parity-matched normotensive pregnant women conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Demographic data were obtained using questionnaires.

Indepth Interviews' on Acceptability and Concerns for Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine Uptake among Mothers of Adolescent Girls in Community Settings in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine offers protection of between 80 and 100% for anogenital warts and 60-80% in reducing the incidence of pre-malignant lesions from cervical cancer. However, uptake remains low in Nigeria among adolescent girls. This study was a qualitative study that assessed mothers' acceptability and concerns regarding uptake of HPV vaccine by their adolescent daughters.

Critical review of multimorbidity outcome measures suitable for low-income and middle-income country settings: perspectives from the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases (GACD) researchers.

Objectives: There is growing recognition around the importance of multimorbidity in low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, and specifically the need for pragmatic intervention studies to reduce the risk of developing multimorbidity, and of mitigating the complications and progression of multimorbidity in LMICs. One of many challenges in completing such research has been the selection of appropriate outcomes measures. A 2018 Delphi exercise to develop a core-outcome set for multimorbidity research did not specifically address the challenges of multimorbidity in LMICs where the global burden is greatest, patterns of disease often differ and health systems are frequently fragmented.

Ameliorative effects of hexane extract of seeds Heckel () in cisplatin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice.

seed is used to manage liver diseases in ethnomedicine. However, there is limited information on its role in Cisplatin (CIS)-induced toxicity. Here, we investigated the potential of hexane extract of (HEGK) in lessening CIS-induced hepatorenal- and gene- toxicity.

Sampling method for surveying complex and multi-institutional partnerships: lessons from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.

Background: Complex global initiatives, like the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), have prevented millions of paralyses and improved the health status of diverse populations. Despite the logistical challenges these initiatives must overcome at several levels, scant methods exist for systematically identifying and reaching a range of actors involved in their implementation. As a result, efforts to document the lessons learned from such initiatives are often incomplete.

Synthesis and translation of research and innovations from polio eradication (STRIPE): initial findings from a global mixed methods study.

Background: Lessons from polio eradication efforts and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) are useful for improving health service delivery and outcomes globally. The Synthesis and Translation of Research and Innovations from Polio Eradication (STRIPE) is a multi-phase project which aims to map, package and disseminate knowledge from polio eradication initiatives as academic and training programs. This paper discusses initial findings from the knowledge mapping around polio eradication activities across a multi-country context.

'Our culture prohibits some things': qualitative inquiry into how sociocultural context influences the scale-up of community-based injectable contraceptives in Nigeria.

Objectives: To explore how sociocultural factors may support or impede the adoption of community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives in Nigeria.

Design: A qualitative study based on inductive thematic analysis was conducted through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.

Setting: Most participants lived in Gombe State, North-East Nigeria.

Phytochemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity Assessment of the Seed of L. (Anacardiaceae).

Objectives: Increased generation of free radicals exceeding the antioxidant capacity of the host is deleterious. Thus new, potent, and safe antioxidants will be a valuable addition to the limited antioxidant arsenals available. Therefore, the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity potential, and phytochemical constituents of the methanol extract of seed (MESSM) were investigated.

INTREPID II: protocol for a multistudy programme of research on untreated psychosis in India, Nigeria and Trinidad.

Introduction: There are few robust and directly comparable studies of the epidemiology of psychotic disorders in the Global South. INTREPID II is designed to investigate variations in untreated psychotic disorders in the Global South in (1) incidence and presentation (2) 2-year course and outcome, (3) help-seeking and impact, and (4) physical health.

Methods: INTREPID II is a programme of research incorporating incidence, case-control and cohort studies of psychoses in contiguous urban and rural areas in India, Nigeria and Trinidad.

Early evaluation of the 'STOP SEPSIS!' WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Awareness Campaign implemented for healthcare providers in 46 low, middle and high-income countries.

Objective: To evaluate changes in awareness of maternal sepsis among healthcare providers resulting from the WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study (GLOSS) awareness campaign.

Design: Independent sample precampaign/postcampaign through online and paper-based surveys available for over 30 days before campaign roll-out (pre) and after study data collection (post). Descriptive statistics were used for campaign recognition and exposure, and odds ratio (OR) and percentage change were calculated for differences in awareness, adjusting for confounders using multivariate logistic regression.

"You Will Not Mourn Your Children": Spirituality and Child Health in Ibadan Urban Markets.

The urban Ibadan market is not only important for its economic value, but also for its representation of the worldview of the Yoruba people of South-Western Nigeria. Yoruba urban markets are adorned with different spiritualists who also earn their livelihood in the market space. Hence, through the employment of observations and in-depth interviews, the study examines how spirituality shapes child health and mothers' health seeking behaviours in Ibadan urban markets.

The effect of Hepatitis D co-infection on the immunologic and molecular profile of Hepatitis B in asymptomatic Chronic Hepatitis B patients in southwest Nigeria.

: Hepatitis D infection causes severe form of viral hepatitis in humans and only affects those with hepatitis B either as a co-infection or superinfection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis D and its effect on the immunologic and molecular profile of Hepatitis B among asymptomatic Chronic Hepatitis B patients in Abeokuta.: A cross-sectional study of 99 chronic HBV patient who met the inclusion criteria.

Knowledge of School-Going Adolescents About the Oral Effects of Tobacco Usage in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria.

Background: The individual knowledge of the effects of tobacco usage on health plays an important role in its uptake. Tobacco consumption usually starts during adolescence, and lack of knowledge about the oral problems of tobacco usage probably plays a role in it.

Aim: To determine the knowledge of adolescents about the effect of tobacco usage on oral health.

Global Outcome Assessment Life-long after stroke in young adults initiative-the GOAL initiative: study protocol and rationale of a multicentre retrospective individual patient data meta-analysis.

Introduction: Worldwide, 2 million patients aged 18-50 years suffer a stroke each year, and this number is increasing. Knowledge about global distribution of risk factors and aetiologies, and information about prognosis and optimal secondary prevention in young stroke patients are limited. This limits evidence-based treatment and hampers the provision of appropriate information regarding the causes of stroke, risk factors and prognosis of young stroke patients.

Experience with argon laser trabeculoplasty in Nigerians.

Aim: To report the safety and efficacy of Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT) in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP).

Settings And Design: This was a retrospective study performed on 25 eyes of 25 patients.

Methods And Materials: Consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria for ALT were recruited from the ophthalmic clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria and followed up for a minimum period of six months.

Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition.

The World Bank is publishing nine volumes of Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition (DCP3) between 2015 and 2018. Volume 9, Improving Health and Reducing Poverty, summarises the main messages from all the volumes and contains cross-cutting analyses. This Review draws on all nine volumes to convey conclusions.

International Olympic Committee consensus statement on pain management in elite athletes.

Pain is a common problem among elite athletes and is frequently associated with sport injury. Both pain and injury interfere with the performance of elite athletes. There are currently no evidence-based or consensus-based guidelines for the management of pain in elite athletes.

Adverse Reactions to Radioiodine 131I Therapy of Goiter in West African Tertiary Hospital.

Objective: Radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) is established as an efficient means of treating toxic goiter (TG) globally. The field of nuclear medicine (NM) still appears novel to many Nigerian clinicians and patients. A culturally embedded dread of radiation may raise ethical and moral concerns about potential adverse effects in the wake of RAIT in our setting.

Prevalence and correlates of dizziness in the Ibadan Study of Ageing.

Dizziness is common among older people, but little is known about its prevalence and risk factors in the sub-Saharan population. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of dizziness and its sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical correlates in 1,299 subjects--551 men (42.4%) and 748 women (57.