infection alters the intestinal mucosa transcriptome in neonatal calves: impacts on epithelial barriers and transcellular transport systems.

Introduction: is the most prevalent enteric protozoan parasite causing infectious diarrhea in neonatal calves worldwide with a direct negative impact on their health and welfare. This study utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) to deepen our understanding of intestinal epithelial barriers and transport mechanisms in the pathophysiology of infectious diarrhea in neonatal calves, which could potentially unveil novel solutions for treatment.

Methods: At day 1 of life, male Holstein-Friesian calves were either orally infected (n = 5) or not (control group, n = 5) with oocysts (in-house strain LE-01-Cp-15).

Age-friendly community environments and the age trajectories of long-term care dependency among Chinese older adults.

In the context of rapid global aging, the importance of age-friendly community environments for promoting healthy aging and "aging in place" continues to increase. Using data from the 2011-2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study investigated the impact of an age-friendly community environment on the age trajectories of late-life long-term care (LTC) dependency among older Chinese adults aged 60+ years. Age-friendly community environments were defined according to three levels (poor, moderate, or good) based on the World Health Organization's age-friendly city and community framework, and LTC dependency was classified as level 1 (high), level 2 (medium), or level 3 (low) according to activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living scores.

Towards a resilience selection index with indicator traits in German Holstein dairy cattle.

Resilience expresses the ability of an individual to cope with short-term disturbances and to recover quickly by returning to the original level of performance. It can be measured by variance-based parameters and by the autocorrelation of daily milk yields in dairy cows. The design of resilience indicator traits, their heritabilities and genetic correlations have been studied in detail in recent years.

The selective estrogen receptor modulator clomiphene inhibits sterol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Sterols are produced via complex, multistep biosynthetic pathways involving similar enzymatic conversions in plants, animals and fungi, yielding a variety of sterol metabolites with slightly different chemical properties to exert diverse and specific functions. A tremendously diverse landscape of sterols, and sterol-derived compounds, can be found across the plant kingdom, determining a wide spectrum of functions. Resolving the underlying biosynthetic pathways is thus instrumental to understanding the function and use of these molecules.

Cytochrome P450 induced formation of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether and dibenzo-p-dioxin derivates from brominated phenols.

Methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) are a class of environmentally relevant halogenated natural products. The two most relevant isomers, 2'-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47, were repeatedly detected at levels comparable with persistent organic pollutants in marine environmental and food samples. MeO-BDEs were suspected to be biosynthesized by bromoperoxidases through the merging of two bromophenol units, three of which (2,4-dibromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol) are abundant in marine environments, followed by O-methylation to give MeO-BDEs.

Development and testing of a precision hoeing system for re-compacted ridge tillage in maize.

Ridge tillage (RT) is a conservation practice that provides several benefits such as enhanced root growth and reduced soil erosion. The objectives of this study were to develop an autosteered living mulch seeder and hoeing prototype for RT systems using RTK-GNSS (real-time kinematic global navigation satellite systems) created ridges as a guide. It was also aimed to compare weed control efficacy and crop response of ridge-hoeing compared to conventional hoeing in flat tillage (FT).

High-resolution dendrometer measurements reveal different responses of Douglas-fir to extreme drought in 2018 depending on soil and rooting characteristics.

Introduction: Douglas-fir ( (Mirb.) Franco) is considered an important non-native substitute tree species in Europe, especially for Norway spruce ( (L.) Karst.

Risk factors for omphalitis in neonatal dairy calves.

Knowledge about potential risk factors for animal health is crucial to achieve animal welfare. The aim of this study was to provide practical guidance for farmers to improve the health status of their youngstock by identifying and eliminating risk factors for omphalitis in neonatal calves. A cross-sectional study including 3,445 dairy calves from 567 farms located in three structurally different regions of Germany was performed from December 2016 to July 2019.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Düsseldorf orthorexia scale (TR-DOS) and the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among Turkish university students.

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is characterized by an excessive preoccupation with healthy foods accompanied by the avoidance of self-declared unhealthy options, yet it remains unrecognized in major diagnostic guidelines. The Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS), a 10-item self-report questionnaire using a four-point Likert scale, assesses the obsession with healthy eating. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the TR-DOS in the Turkish context and estimates the prevalence of ON among university students.

Dr. Peter Emil Becker and the Third Reich: Correspondence.

Peter Emil Becker was a German neurologist who is remembered for his studies of muscular dystrophies. Becker muscular dystrophy and Becker myotonia are named after him. His biography appeared in the American Journal of Medical Genetics in 1985.

A systematic review on the acyl migration in enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids: Mechanisms, influencing factors, evaluation methods, and future prospects.

Structured lipids (SLs) are modified triacylglycerols with specific physicochemical or nutritional properties. Acyl migration is a universal chemical phenomenon observed during interesterification, a critical process in the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of SLs. Acyl migration causes shifts in the positional composition of lipids that bring changes in function.

The complete genome sequence of the stolbur pathogen " Phytoplasma solani" from .

The complete genome of " Phytoplasma solani" GOE was obtained from the infected vector by single-molecule real-time sequencing. This 16SrXII-P phytoplasma is associated with the economically important sugar beet disease "syndrome basses richesses." The genome sequence is an essential resource for diagnosis and understanding pathogen-host interaction.

Uncovering the light absorption mechanism of the blue natural colorant allophycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis using molecular dynamics.

Phycobiliproteins of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, known as Spirulina, are protein-chromophore complexes which are used by the organism to capture light energy. Allophycocyanin and C-phycocyanin are prominent in providing a natural source of blue food coloring. An unresolved issue remains the rapid loss of the native conformation of the pigment, leading to altered color with changing pH.

A Taxonomy and Archetypes of AI-Based Health Care Services: Qualitative Study.

Background: To cope with the enormous burdens placed on health care systems around the world, from the strains and stresses caused by longer life expectancy to the large-scale emergency relief actions required by pandemics like COVID-19, many health care companies have been using artificial intelligence (AI) to adapt their services. Nevertheless, conceptual insights into how AI has been transforming the health care sector are still few and far between. This study aims to provide an overarching structure with which to classify the various real-world phenomena.

Limitations of soil-applied non-microbial and microbial biostimulants in enhancing soil P turnover and recycled P fertilizer utilization - a study with and without plants.

Introduction: Phosphorus recovery from waste streams is a global concern due to open nutrient cycles. However, the reliability and efficiency of recycled P fertilizers are often low. Biostimulants (BS), as a potential enhancer of P availability in soil, could help to overcome current barriers using recycled P fertilizers.

In Vivo Quantification of Surfactin Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Complexes in .

Surfactin, a potent biosurfactant produced by , is synthesized using a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) encoded by the operon. Despite its association with quorum sensing via the ComX pheromone, the dynamic behavior and in vivo quantification of the NRPS complex remain underexplored. This study established an in vivo quantification system using fluorescence labeling to monitor the availability of surfactin-forming NRPS subunits (SrfAA, SrfAB, SrfAC, and SrfAD) during bioprocesses.

Combination of Silicate-Based Soil Conditioners with Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms to Improve Drought Stress Resilience in Potato.

Due to shallow root systems, potato is a particularly drought-sensitive crop. To counteract these limitations, the application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) is discussed as a strategy to improve nutrient acquisition and biotic and abiotic stress resilience. However, initial root colonization by PGPMs, in particular, can be affected by stress factors that negatively impact root growth and activity or the survival of PGPMs in the rhizosphere.