Heterodimeric Ciliary Dynein f/I1 Adopts a Distinctive Structure, Providing Insight Into the Autoinhibitory Mechanism Common to the Dynein Family.

Dyneins are huge motor protein complexes that are essential for cell motility, cell division, and intracellular transport. Dyneins are classified into three major subfamilies, namely cytoplasmic, intraflagellar-transport (IFT), and ciliary dyneins, based on their intracellular localization and functions. Recently, several near-atomic resolution structures have been reported for cytoplasmic/IFT dyneins.

Resveratrol polysaccharide is less cytotoxicity and inhibits UVA-, UVB-, and tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide-induced injury in human keratinocytes.

Natural stilbene compounds, such as resveratrol and pterostilbene, have been focused on owing to their diverse biological activities associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. However, their low water solubility limits their advanced applications. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of selected stilbene compounds (resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, gnetol, piceatannol, and pterostilbene) and their water-soluble derivatives (piceid, resveratrol polysaccharide, pterostilbene trisaccharide, and pterostilbene polysaccharide) against UVA-, UVB irradiation, tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH)- and hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced injury in human epidermal cells.

Complex intervention including pain science education and patient-led goal setting-based self-management strategies for management of aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms: a single-arm feasibility and pilot study.

Purpose: Up to 74% of breast cancer survivors (BCS) treated with aromatase inhibitor (AI) experience AI-induced musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS). AIMSS is the predominant cause of poor adherence to AI therapy, yet no definitive treatment exists. The primary research objectives of this study were (1) to develop a novel BCS-specific complex intervention to alleviate AIMSS, and to assess its feasibility.

Risk of autism spectrum disorder at 18 months of age is associated with prenatal level of polychlorinated biphenyls exposure in a Japanese birth cohort.

Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has a detrimental effect on early cognitive development. Based on these observations, some researchers suggested that prenatal exposure to PCB may be an environmental cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To investigate the potential link between prenatal exposure to PCB, we analyzed the link between the level of prenatal PCB exposure and ASD risk evaluated at 18 months of age and behavioral problems at 5 years old based on longitudinal birth cohort data collected in urban areas in Japan based on the data from 115 mother-infant pairs.

High dose of ascorbic acid induces selective cell growth inhibition and cell death in human gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma-derived NUGC-4 cells.

Anticancer effects of high-dose vitamin C (VC) have been evaluated on many cancer cell lines, and its efficacy in clinical trials and in combination with anticancer drugs or radiation have been reported; however, its effect on gastric cancer and its mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the cell growth inhibitory/lethal effects of high-dose ascorbic acid (AsA), a reduced form of VC was examined on three gastric cancer cell lines. Of these, signet ring cell carcinoma NUGC-4 cells were the most sensitive, but the effects were small and limited in normal cells.

Timing, setting, and content of patient education prior to goal setting for cancer survivors: a scoping review.

Background: Because the concepts of goal setting and patient education are intertwined, it is important to understand the details of patient education content for cancer survivors. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the timing (during or after treatment), setting, and content of patient education provided to cancer survivors prior to setting goals.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across three databases to identify articles on rehabilitation that included patient education, conducted prior to goal setting for cancer survivors.

Relationship Between Psychological Stress Scores and Urinary 5-HT Levels Over Time Under Psychological Stress.

Background: Biomarkers for psychological stress have been examined and the "gut-microbiota-brain axis" is currently attracting attention. An intervention study reported improvements in both the intestinal environment and psychological stress. However, the relationship between psychological stress scores and urinary 5-hydroxytryptamine (u-5-HT), produced by enterochromaffin cells in the intestinal tract, has not yet been investigated over time in healthy subjects under psychological stress.

Prazosin improves insulin-induced anabolic signaling by protecting capillary regression in the soleus muscle of hindlimb-unloaded rats.

Purpose: Reduced capillary number in skeletal muscle due to disuse can hinder the delivery of insulin and amino acid delivery to muscle cells, diminishing insulin activity and muscle protein synthesis, ultimately contributing to anabolic resistance. However, it remains unknown whether mitigating capillary regression during inactivity improves anabolic resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of increasing capillary number through the administration of prazosin, which can increase blood flow and prevent capillary regression, on anabolic resistance in skeletal muscle induced by disuse.

How the brain differentiates human and monkey faces: Neuromagnetic evidence from spatiotemporal dynamics.

Face recognition is an important aspect of human non-verbal communication. Event-related potentials or magnetic fields, such as the N170/M170 component, are considered essential neural markers of face processing. Compared to upright human faces, inverted human faces and upright but not inverted animal faces cause longer latencies and larger amplitudes of these components.

Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film.

The utilization of zein and gum arabic has grown in an attempt to formulate wall materials based on protein-polysaccharide complexes. This mixture provides a versatile delivery system for hydrophilic (guava leaf extract, GLE) or lipophilic (fish oil, FO) bioactive compounds, and it can be used as an edible film-forming polymer. This study was undertaken to characterize FO-containing edible films that were double-layered with a film containing GLE.

Development of an Assessment Tool to Measure the Quality of Life Goal Setting for Cancer Survivors: A Content Validity Study.

Introduction: An initial version of the Reengagement Life Goal Assessment Tool for Cancer Survivors (ReGAT-C) was designed to measure the quality of life goal-setting practice conducted by responsible healthcare professionals along with nonterminal cancer survivors undergoing inpatient cancer treatment. This study aimed to test content validity of the ReGAT-C and revise it.

Methods: Eleven experts and nine healthcare professionals participated in this study.

Patterns of adaptation to stress cardiovascular responses in smokers during ad libitum smoking and withdrawal.

There is considerable evidence documenting associations between tobacco smoking, including initiation, maintenance, and relapse of addiction, with diminished cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress. However, less is known about how smokers respond to repeated stress across time. The current study examined patterns of cardiovascular reactivity and adaptation to recurrent stress among 24-h abstinence smokers, smokers who continued to smoke at their normal rate, and non-smokers.

Neurophysiological markers of early cognitive decline in older adults: a mini-review of electroencephalography studies for precursors of dementia.

The early detection of cognitive decline in older adults is crucial for preventing dementia. This mini-review focuses on electroencephalography (EEG) markers of early dementia-related precursors, including subjective cognitive decline, subjective memory complaints, and cognitive frailty. We present recent findings from EEG analyses identifying high dementia risk in older adults, with an emphasis on conditions that precede mild cognitive impairment.

Exploring sex differences in auditory saliency: the role of acoustic characteristics in bottom-up attention.

Background: Several cognitive functions are related to sex. However, the relationship between auditory attention and sex remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore sex differences in auditory saliency judgments, with a particular focus on bottom-up type auditory attention.

Association between heart failure in asymptomatic stages and skeletal muscle function assessed by ultrasonography in community-dwelling older adults.

Background: Symptomatic heart failure (HF) negatively affects the quantity and quality of skeletal muscles. However, the association between asymptomatic HF and skeletal muscle function remains unclear. We aimed to use ultrasonography to elucidate the association between asymptomatic HF and skeletal muscle function in community-dwelling older adults.

Awareness survey on the psychological preparation and ethical nursing practice of children and their family for medical procedures in Japan.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the recognition of ethical nursing practices, which included the psychological preparation of nurses practicing pediatric nursing in various settings, and issues for future training. Furthermore, we aimed to use the results to conduct future workshops.

Design And Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 1500 randomly selected medical facilities with pediatric departments in Japan.

Nicotine addiction and the influence of life adversity and acute stress on PYY: Prediction of early smoking relapse.

Early life adversity (ELA) is associated with earlier initiation and maintenance of tobacco smoking and with a greater risk of subsequent relapse. There is growing evidence that appetite hormones, including peptide YY (PYY), which modulates craving and satiety responses, play a role in stress and addiction processes. This study employed a quasi-experimental design to examine the association between ELA and circulating PYY stress responses in smokers and nonsmokers (N = 152, ages 19-73 years) to examine the effects of nicotine addiction.

Breakfast skipping suppresses the vascular endothelial function of the brachial artery after lunch.

Breakfast skipping has been suggested to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, whether breakfast skipping affects vascular endothelial function (VEF), a marker of cardiovascular diseases, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of breakfast consumption (Eating trial) and skipping (Skipping trial) on brachial artery (BA) VEF in healthy breakfast eaters.

Generic and Hearing-Specific Quality of Life in Older Adult Cochlear Implant Users.

Background This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of older adults using cochlear implants (CIs) by focusing on how individual characteristics and speech perception are related to generic QOL ratings and utilizing the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) for assessment. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted with 19 participants aged ≥60 years, who were within one to five years post-implant activation. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires, including the HUI3 for generic QOL assessment and disease-specific indexes.

Relationship between Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Muscle Co-Contraction in People with Knee Osteoarthritis.

Excessive muscle co-contraction is one of the factors related to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). A previous study demonstrated that pain, joint instability, lateral thrust, weight, and lower extremity alignment were listed as factors affecting excessive co-contraction in knee OA. However, this study aimed to assess the association between fear-avoidance beliefs and muscle co-contraction during gait and stair climbing in people with knee OA.

Association of Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced Musculoskeletal Symptoms with Central Sensitization-Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) can decrease health-related quality of life and lead to discontinuation of AI therapy for postmenopausal women with breast cancer (BC). Although central sensitization (CS) may contribute to AIMSS, the relevance of CS-related symptoms to AIMSS has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AIMSS and CS-related symptoms in women with BC who received AI therapy.

Classification of the foot kinematics during gait and the characteristics of the knee and hip kinematics in individuals with pronated foot.

Overuse injuries are often caused by pronated foot and the associated abnormal lower-extremity kinematics during dynamic activities. Various patterns of foot kinematics are observed among individuals with pronated feet during dynamic activities, resulting in different dynamic kinematics of the proximal joint. This study aimed to identify the foot kinematic patterns during gait among individuals with pronated feet and evaluate the relationship between these foot kinematic patterns and the hip and knee kinematics.

Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses in resting heated humans.

Hyperthermia stimulates ventilation in humans. This hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation may be mediated by the activation of peripheral chemoreceptors implicated in the regulation of respiration in reaction to various chemical stimuli, including reductions in arterial pH. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that during passive heating at rest, the increases in arterial pH achieved with sodium bicarbonate ingestion, which could attenuate peripheral chemoreceptor activity, mitigate hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation.