Understanding cachexia and excessive weight loss in cancer.

Cachexia, a wasting condition often seen in advanced cancer, is often confused with anorexia but they are two separate conditions. It is evident that cachexia frequently leads to anorexia but anorexia alone cannot cause cachexia. The cachexia syndrome is weight loss with a specific cause--the action of cytokines, chemical messengers that are produced both by the body in response to the tumour and by the tumour to ensure its growth and spread.

Complementary therapies in palliative care: a summary of current evidence.

Complementary therapies are often cited as a possible alternative to the management of symptoms in palliative care, as another element in the armoury for coping with unmanageable problems. But how efficacious are these therapies, and what is the evidence to support their use in symptom management? Patients who are in the terminal stages of illness or require palliative care are in a very vulnerable position, so are they being exploited or are there real benefits from using complementary therapies? This article review some of the evidence currently available.