Cervicocerebral Atherosclerosis Burden Increases Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background: The influence of burden of atherosclerosis in the brain supplying arteries on mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack is poorly known. We assessed whether total burden of atherosclerosis within cervicocerebral arteries is associated with long-term mortality.

Methods And Results: A total of 406 patients (median age, 71.

Nursing Students' Experiences of Empathy in a Virtual Reality Simulation Game: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

Empathy is significant in nursing, and showing empathy toward a patient positively impacts a patient's health. Learning empathy through immersive simulations is effective. Immersion is an essential factor in virtual reality.

Accumulating Sedentary Time and Physical Activity From Childhood to Adolescence and Cardiac Function in Adolescence.

Background: Increased physical activity (PA) may mitigate the negative cardiovascular health effects of sedentary behavior in adolescents. However, the relationship of PA and sedentary time from childhood with cardiac function in adolescence remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the associations of cumulative sedentary time and PA from childhood to adolescence with cardiac function in adolescence.

Altered microheterogeneity at several N-glycosylation sites in OPSCC in constant protein expression conditions.

Protein glycosylation responds sensitively to disease states. It is implicated in every hallmark of cancer and has recently started to be considered as a hallmark itself. Changes in N-glycosylation microheterogeneity are more dramatic than those of protein expression due to the non-template nature of protein glycosylation.

Causal Association Between Subtypes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), experienced in 10% to 20% of the population, has been associated with cardiovascular disease and death. However, the condition is heterogeneous and is prevalent in individuals having short and long sleep duration. We sought to clarify the relationship between sleep duration subtypes of EDS with cardiovascular outcomes, accounting for these subtypes.

Abortion and fetal death in sows.

Abortion in sows or the expulsion of foetuses between days 35 and 109 of gestation results in major financial losses. Abortion is the result of maternal failure due to factors interfering with either the endocrine control of pregnancy or causing endometrial damage. In addition, causes of fetal origin, due to infections with a special affinity for the fetus, can also lead to abortion.

Triplet sensitization enables bidirectional isomerization of diazocine with 130 nm redshift in excitation wavelengths.

Diazocines are bridged azobenzenes with phenyl rings connected by a CH-CH group. Despite this rather small structural difference, diazocine exhibits improved properties over azobenzene as a photoswitch and most importantly, its configuration is more stable than the isomer. Herein, we reveal yet another unique feature of this emerging class of photoswitches.

Radiolabelling of peptides with tetrazine ligation based on the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction: rapid, catalyst-free and mild conversion of 1,4-dihydropyridazines to pyridazines.

Click chemistry reactions, such as the tetrazine ligation, based on the inverse-electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA), are chemoselective cycloaddition reactions widely used for chemical modifications and synthesis of biomolecule-based radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET). The reactions have potential also for pretargeted PET imaging. When used as a bioconjugation method in production of biomolecule-based radiopharmaceuticals, IEDDA-based tetrazine ligation has one significant drawback, namely the formation of a mixture comprising reduced metastable dihydropyridazines (DHPs) and oxidized cycloadducts.

Childhood Dyslipidemia and Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.

Background Childhood exposure to dyslipidemia is associated with adult atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether the long-term risk associated with dyslipidemia is attenuated on its resolution by adulthood. We aimed to address this question by examining the links between childhood and adult dyslipidemia on carotid atherosclerotic plaques in adulthood. Methods and Results The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study is a prospective follow-up of children that began in 1980.

Lipidome- and Genome-Wide Study to Understand Sex Differences in Circulatory Lipids.

Background Despite well-recognized differences in the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk between men and women, sex differences in risk factors and sex-specific mechanisms in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. Lipid metabolism plays a central role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Understanding sex differences in lipids and their genetic determinants could provide mechanistic insights into sex differences in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aid in precise risk assessment.

The contribution of new particle formation and subsequent growth to haze formation.

We investigated the contribution of atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and subsequent growth of the newly formed particles, characterized by high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM). In addition to having adverse effects on visibility and human health, these haze particles may act as cloud condensation nuclei, having potentially large influences on clouds and precipitation. Using atmospheric observations performed in 2019 in Beijing, a polluted megacity in China, we showed that the variability of growth rates (GR) of particles originating from NPF depend only weakly on low-volatile vapor - highly oxidated organic molecules (HOMs) and sulphuric acid - concentrations and have no apparent connection with the strength of NPF or the level of background pollution.

Mental Health Conditions and Nonpersistence of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Use in Patients With Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background Mental health conditions (MHCs) are associated with poor outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, persistence of oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and MHCs is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effect of MHCs on the persistence of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use in patients with atrial fibrillation based on a nationwide cohort.

Copepod reproductive effort and oxidative status as responses to warming in the marine environment.

The marine ecosystems are under severe climate change-induced stress globally. The Baltic Sea is especially vulnerable to ongoing changes, such as warming. The aim of this study was to measure eco-physiological responses of a key copepod species to elevated temperature in an experiment, and by collecting field samples in the western Gulf of Finland.

Metabolic Biomarker Discovery for Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease Compared With Coronary Artery Disease: Lipoprotein and Metabolite Profiling of 31 657 Individuals From 5 Prospective Cohorts.

Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) represent atherosclerosis in different vascular beds. We used detailed metabolic biomarker profiling to identify common and discordant biomarkers and clarify pathophysiological differences for these vascular diseases. Methods and Results We used 5 prospective cohorts from Finnish population (FINRISK 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012, and Health 2000; n=31 657; median follow-up time of 14 years) to estimate associations between >200 metabolic biomarkers and incident PAD and CAD.

Genetic Profile of Endotoxemia Reveals an Association With Thromboembolism and Stroke.

Background Translocation of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria into the systemic circulation results in endotoxemia. In addition to acute infections, endotoxemia is detected in cardiometabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Methods and Results We performed a genome-wide association study of serum lipopolysaccharide activity in 11 296 individuals from 6 different Finnish study cohorts.

Modeling the effect of reduced traffic due to COVID-19 measures on air quality using a chemical transport model: impacts on the Po Valley and the Swiss Plateau regions.

The spread of COVID-19 has posed serious challenges for the global communities. To reduce the circulation of the infection, governmental bodies have imposed different lockdown measures at various levels of complexity and duration. As a result, a substantial reduction in mobility might have important, yet unknown, implications for air quality.

Emerging Investigator Series: COVID-19 lockdown effects on aerosol particle size distributions in northern Italy.

The lockdown measures implemented to curb the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy reduced human mobility dramatically, which resulted in a marked decline in traffic intensity. In this study, we present the effect of lockdown measures on several air pollutants, particle number size distribution as well as on regional new particle formation (NPF) frequency in the Po Valley (northern Italy). The results show that during the lockdown period, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO), nitric oxide (NO), benzene (CH), and toluene (CH) decreased, while ozone (O) concentrations mildly increased as compared to the corresponding period in 2016-2019.

Endothelial Dysfunction is Associated With Early-Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke in Men and With Increasing Age.

Background The aim of this study was to assess the association between endothelial function and early-onset cryptogenic ischemic stroke (CIS), with subgroup analyses stratified by sex and age groups. Methods and Results We prospectively enrolled 136 consecutive patients aged 18 to 49 years (median age, 41 years; 44% women) with a recent CIS and 136 age- and sex-matched (±5 years) stroke-free controls. Endothelial function was measured with an EndoPAT 2000 device and analyzed as tertiles of natural logarithm of reactive hyperemia index with lower values reflecting dysfunction.

Reversible cooperative dihydrogen binding and transfer with a bis-phosphenium complex of chromium.

The reversible reaction of H with a bis-phosphenium complex of chromium provides a rare example of 3d transition metal/phosphenium cooperativity. Photolysis induces the activation of H and yields a spectroscopically detectable phosphenium-stabilized (σ-H)-complex, readily showing exchange with gaseous H and D. Further reaction of this complex affords a phosphine-functionalized metal hydride, representing a unique example of reversible H cleavage across a 3d M[double bond, length as m-dash]P bond.

Donor Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alters Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Obese Individuals With Steatohepatitis.

The intestinal microbiota has been linked to the development and prevalence of steatohepatitis in humans. Interestingly, steatohepatitis is significantly lower in individuals taking a plant-based, low-animal-protein diet, which is thought to be mediated by gut microbiota. However, data on causality between these observations in humans is scarce.