Loss of PKM2 dysregulates inflammatory signaling in the infarcted murine heart.

Inflammation and a metabolic shift from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis are common in the ischemic heart, the latter partly controlled by pyruvate kinase (muscle, PKM). We previously identified alternative splicing promoting the PKM2 isoform after myocardial infarction (MI). We examined the role of PKM2 physiological upregulation after MI, modeled by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, using global PKM2 knockout (PKM2) mice.

Loss of Coral Trait Diversity and Impacts on Reef Fish Assemblages on Recovering Reefs.

Understanding patterns of biodiversity change is essential as coral reefs experience recurrent cycles of disturbance and recovery. Shifts in the total cover and species composition of habitat-forming corals can have far-reaching consequences, including shifts in coral functional traits and impacts on local fish assemblages. We surveyed coral and fish assemblages along the southern coast of Hainan Island near Sanya, China, in 2006, 2010, and 2018, during a period with repeated mass bleaching events.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between late-life depressive symptoms and cognitive deficits: 20-year follow-up of the Kuakini Honolulu-Asia aging study.

Objective: To examine depressed affect, somatic complaints, and positive affect as longitudinal predictors of fluid, crystallized and global cognitive performance in the Kuakini Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), a large prospective cohort study of Japanese-American men.

Methods: We assessed 3,088 dementia-free Kuakini-HAAS participants aged 71-93 (77.1 ± 4.

Dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dyslipidemia is a disorder where abnormally lipid concentrations circulate in the bloodstream. The disorder is common in type 2 diabetics (T2D) and is linked with T2D comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia in T2D is typically characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.

Exciton engineering of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites by synergistically tuning the intra and interlayer structures.

Designing two-dimensional halide perovskites for high-performance optoelectronic applications requires deep understanding of the structure-property relationship that governs their excitonic behaviors. However, a design framework that considers both intra and interlayer structures modified by the A-site and spacer cations, respectively, has not been developed. Here, we use pressure to synergistically tune the intra and interlayer structures and uncover the structural modulations that result in improved optoelectronic performance.

3D Convolutional Deep Learning for Nonlinear Estimation of Body Composition from Whole-Body Morphology.

Total and regional body composition are strongly correlated with metabolic syndrome and have been estimated non-invasively from 3D optical scans using linear parameterizations of body shape and linear regression models. Prior works produced accurate and precise predictions on many, but not all, body composition targets relative to the reference dual X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement. Here, we report the effects of replacing linear models with nonlinear parameterization and regression models on the precision and accuracy of body composition estimation in a novel application of deep 3D convolutional graph networks to human body composition modeling.

Advances in digital anthropometric body composition assessment: neural network algorithm prediction of appendicular lean mass.

Currently available anthropometric body composition prediction equations were often developed on small participant samples, included only several measured predictor variables, or were prepared using conventional statistical regression methods. Machine learning approaches are increasingly publicly available and have key advantages over statistical modeling methods when developing prediction algorithms on large datasets with multiple complex covariates. This study aimed to test the feasibility of predicting DXA-measured appendicular lean mass (ALM) with a neural network (NN) algorithm developed on a sample of 576 participants using 10 demographic (sex, age, 7 ethnic groupings) and 43 anthropometric dimensions generated with a 3D optical scanner.

Increasing Trunk Mass Evokes Lower Extremity Biomechanical Plasticity during Stair Descent.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of simulated changes in body mass on lower extremity joint work and relative joint contributions during stair descent. Ten healthy recreationally active college-age participants performed five stair descent trials in each of five loading conditions: no added load and with an additional 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of their body weight. Three-dimensional ankle, knee and hip joint powers were calculated using a six degree-of-freedom model in Visual3D (C-Motion Inc.

Automated body composition estimation from device-agnostic 3D optical scans in pediatric populations.

Background: Excess adiposity in children is strongly correlated with obesity-related metabolic disease in adulthood, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and 13 types of cancer. Despite the many long-term health risks of childhood obesity, body mass index (BMI) Z-score is typically the only adiposity marker used in pediatric studies and clinical applications. The effects of regional adiposity are not captured in a single scalar measurement, and their effects on short- and long-term metabolic health are largely unknown.

"Without Compassion We Don't Have a Social Work Field": A Thematic Analysis Exploring Social Workers' Experiences with Compassion.

Purpose: Evidence establishing the importance of compassion in the context of social work practice is emerging. Compassion, stemming from the Latin words and , means to suffer with. Given the proximity social workers have to vast experiences of suffering, compassion may play a central role in providing meaningful care to individuals, communities, and systems.

Impact of antiretroviral therapy intensification with C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 antagonist maraviroc on HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.

Objectives: Chemokine receptor CCR5 is the principal co-receptor for entry of M-tropic HIV virus into immune cells. It is expressed in the central nervous system and may contribute to neuro-inflammation. The CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) has been suggested to improve HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI).

Common Data Element Collection in Underserved School Communities: Challenges and Recommendations.

Objectives: To provide recommendations for future common data element (CDE) development and collection that increases community partnership, harmonizes data interpretation, and continues to reduce barriers of mistrust between researchers and underserved communities.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative evaluation of mandatory CDE collection among Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations Return to School project teams with various priority populations and geographic locations in the United States to: (1) compare racial and ethnic representativeness of participants completing CDE questions relative to participants enrolled in project-level testing initiatives and (2) identify the amount of missing CDE data by CDE domain. Additionally, we conducted analyses stratified by aim-level variables characterizing CDE collection strategies.

Management of anti-M antibody during pregnancy: a case report.

Background: Anti-M antibodies are relatively common and naturally occurring. When anti-M antibodies cross the placenta, they may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Anti-M antibodies account for less than 15 cases of HDFN reported in the published English literature.

Cephalopod-omics: Emerging Fields and Technologies in Cephalopod Biology.

Few animal groups can claim the level of wonder that cephalopods instill in the minds of researchers and the general public. Much of cephalopod biology, however, remains unexplored: the largest invertebrate brain, difficult husbandry conditions, and complex (meta-)genomes, among many other things, have hindered progress in addressing key questions. However, recent technological advancements in sequencing, imaging, and genetic manipulation have opened new avenues for exploring the biology of these extraordinary animals.

Population-based normative data and language effects of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessmentand Cognitive Testing (ImPACT).

Objective: When test results are interpreted based on the norms of the U.S. population, misdiagnoses of neurocognitive impairment could occur with subgroups of individuals whose demographic characteristics differ from the overall population.

Association between anti-Müllerian hormone levels and reproductive parameters in Wagyu cattle raised in Brazil.

The production of embryos has sped up the dissemination of superior genetic material. However, the variation among the cattle response to oocyte and embryo production is a challenging factor. This variation is even higher in the Wagyu cattle as the breed has a small effective population size.

Personalized Financial Planning Using Applied Genetics.

Forthcoming advances in geroscience will influence the health span of current and future generations and generate both challenges and opportunities for those approaching or reaching retirement ages. The resulting changes in the life course will influence those reaching stages in life that are commonly associated with retirement. How people plan for that later phase of life is critical-especially given that current approaches to planning are either nonexistent or outdated.

Pyridinium Salts of Dehydrated Lanthanide Polychlorides.

The reaction of lanthanide (Ln) chloride hydrates ([) with pyridine (py) yielded a set of dehydrated pyridinium (py-H) Ln-polychloride salts. These species were crystallographically characterized as [[py-H-py][py-H][LnCl]] (; Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) or [[py-H][LnCl(py)]] ((; Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). The metal centers adopt an octahedral (-6) geometry, binding six Cl ligands.

Racial Stereotype Application in 4-to-8-Year-Old White American Children: Emergence and Specificity.

Young children's racial stereotyping is poorly understood even though stereotyping can influence individuals' attitudes and behavior toward others. Here we present two preregistered studies (Total N = 257) examining White American children's (4-8 years) application of six stereotypes (about being American, smart, wealthy, sporty, honest, and nice) when considering Asian, Black, and White children. We observed clear and consistent evidence for one cultural stereotype across the two studies: participants indicated that Asian and Black children were less American than White children.

Association Between Critical Events in the PICU and Outcomes in Neighboring Patients.

Unlabelled: PICU patients who experience critical illness events, such as intubation, are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the impact of these events, which require significant resources, on outcomes in other patients. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between critical events in PICU patients and the risk of similar events in neighboring patients over the next 6 hours.

Pressure Engineering Promising Transparent Oxides with Large Conductivity Enhancement and Strong Thermal Stability.

Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) with high electrical conductivity and high visible light transparency are desired for a wide range of high-impact engineering. Yet, usually, a compromise must be made between conductivity and transparency, limiting the practical application of a TCO to the next level. Furthermore, TCO performance is highly sensitive to composition, so conventional synthesis methods, such as chemical doping, cannot unravel the mysteries of the quantitative structure-performance relationship.