Clonality contributes to the spread of Avrainvillea lacerata (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in Hawai'i.

The relative rates of sexual versus asexual reproduction influence the partitioning of genetic diversity within and among populations. During range expansions, asexual reproduction often facilitates colonization and establishment. The arrival of the green alga Avrainvillea lacerata has caused shifts in habitat structure and community assemblages since its discovery in 1981 offshore of O'ahu, Hawai'i.

"Allowing space for voice…all our voices:" Understanding Ho'ouna Pono implementation through educational leadership perspectives in rural Hawai'i schools.

Epidemiological research over the past two decades has highlighted substance use disparities that affect Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander youth, and the lack of effective approaches to address such disparities (Okamoto et al., 2019). The Ho'ouna Pono curriculum is a culturally grounded, teacher-implemented, video-enhanced substance use prevention program that has demonstrated efficacy in rural Hawai'i in a large-scale trial (Okamoto et al.

Eukaryotic viruses encode the ribosomal protein eL40.

Viruses in the phylum are large, complex and have an exceptionally diverse metabolic repertoire. Some encode hundreds of products involved in the translation of mRNA into protein, but none was known to encode any of the proteins in ribosomes, the central engines of translation. With the discovery of the eL40 gene in FloV-SA2, we report the first example of a eukaryotic virus encoding a ribosomal protein and show that this gene is also present and expressed in other uncultivated marine giant viruses.

Explosion Detection Using Smartphones: Ensemble Learning with the Smartphone High-Explosive Audio Recordings Dataset and the ESC-50 Dataset.

Explosion monitoring is performed by infrasound and seismoacoustic sensor networks that are distributed globally, regionally, and locally. However, these networks are unevenly and sparsely distributed, especially at the local scale, as maintaining and deploying networks is costly. With increasing interest in smaller-yield explosions, the need for more dense networks has increased.

Popularity and parity assessment for more inclusive and balanced aquaculture development.

Aquaculture, a rapidly expanding food production system, holds promise for improving global food security and resilience. However, imbalanced growth has led to a highly uneven distribution of aquaculture production among countries, a concern that has not been comprehensively examined. This paper fills this knowledge gap by developing an innovative indicator system to assess this issue based on aquaculture development in ~ 200 countries over five decades.

Religious Involvement, Education, and Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults in Taiwan.

This study examines the relationship between religious involvement and subjective well-being among older adults in Taiwan, focusing on the moderating role of education. Analyzing data from a representative sample of older adults in Taichung, we found that religious participation was positively associated with happiness across the entire sample, regardless of education level. However, identifying as Catholic or other Christian was significant only among the highly educated.

Coral high molecular weight carbohydrates support opportunistic microbes in bacterioplankton from an algae-dominated reef.

Unlabelled: High molecular weight (HMW; >1 kDa) carbohydrates are a major component of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by benthic primary producers. Despite shifts from coral to algae dominance on many reefs, little is known about the effects of exuded carbohydrates on bacterioplankton communities in reef waters. We compared the monosaccharide composition of HMW carbohydrates exuded by hard corals and brown macroalgae and investigated the response of the bacterioplankton community of an algae-dominated Caribbean reef to the respective HMW fractions.

Coastal water quality improves during the COVID-19 pandemic: Maui, Hawai'i.

Coastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by degraded water quality linked to agriculture, wastewater and changes in land-use. This study collected coastal water quality measurements to assess spatiotemporal trends and drivers of variability on the island of Maui, Hawai'i. We also utilized Hawai'i's COVID-19 visitor quarantine, which dropped visitor numbers on Maui by >99 %, to evaluate the effects of population on coastal water quality.

The Role of Geography, Diet, and Host Phylogeny on the Gut Microbiome in the Hawaiian Honeycreeper Radiation.

The animal gut microbiome can have a strong influence on the health, fitness, and behavior of its hosts. The composition of the gut microbial community can be influenced by factors such as diet, environment, and evolutionary history (phylosymbiosis). However, the relative influence of these factors is unknown in most bird species.

Islands are key for protecting the world's plant endemism.

Islands are renowned as evolutionary laboratories and support many species that are not found elsewhere. Islands are also of great conservation concern, with many of their endemic species currently threatened or extinct. Here we present a standardized checklist of all known vascular plants that occur on islands and document their geographical and phylogenetic distribution and conservation risk.

Visible light-mediated organocatalyzed 1,3-aminoacylation of cyclopropane employing N-benzoyl saccharin as bifunctional reagent.

The carboamination of unsaturated molecules using bifunctional reagents is considered an attractive approach for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. However, bifunctional C-N reagents have never been employed in the carboamination of cyclopropane. In this study, we use an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), N-benzoyl saccharin, as a bifunctional reagent and a photoredox catalyst for a dual-catalyzed 1,3-aminoacylation of cyclopropane.

Glucose hydrochar consists of linked phenol, furan, arene, alkyl, and ketone structures revealed by advanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance.

The molecular structure of hydrochars produced from C-enriched glucose under various conditions has been elucidated based on advanced one- and two-dimensional (2D) H-C and C-C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with spectral editing. Regardless of synthesis conditions, hydrochars consist mostly of oxygen-substituted arene rings (including diphenols) and furans connected by alkyl linkers rich in ketones. Cross-linking nonprotonated and methyne (C-H) alkyl carbons have been identified through spectrally edited 2D NMR.

Immigrant Status, Social Support From Children, and Resilience for Older Parents' Perceived Oral Health Among Chinese Americans.

Improving the oral health of older immigrants is an important public health priority in the United States, but the role of children's support has received little attention. This study investigated the relationship between support from adult children and perceived oral health among foreign-born and U.S.

A mixed-method exploration of #vapingcessation videos on TikTok.

Background: E-cigarette use has risen rapidly, especially among young people. TikTok is one of the most commonly used social media platforms among young people. The representation of vaping cessation messages in TikTok content remains unexplored.

Pd-Catalyzed 1,4-Difluoromethylative Functionalization of 1,3-Dienes Using Freon-22.

We report a visible-light-driven, palladium-catalyzed 1,4-difluoromethylative functionalization of conjugated dienes using chlorodifluoromethane (ClCFH, Freon-22) as a cost-effective difluoromethyl source. The excited palladium catalyst efficiently reduces the C-Cl bond, which generates a CFH radical, followed by regioselective S2' substitution to afford 1,4-difunctionalized products. This versatile, redox-neutral method accommodates diverse nucleophiles and exhibits broad functional group compatibility, making it suitable for late-stage functionalization in drug discovery and offering a direct route to difluoromethylated molecules.

Chemotactic behavior for a self-phoretic Janus particle near a patch source of fuel.

Many biological microswimmers are capable of chemotaxis, , they can sense an ambient chemical gradient and adjust their mechanism of motility to move towards or away from the source of the gradient. Synthetic active colloids endowed with chemotactic behavior hold considerable promise for targeted drug delivery and the realization of programmable and reconfigurable materials. Here, we study the chemotactic behavior of a Janus particle, which converts "fuel" molecules, released at an axisymmetric chemical patch located on a planar wall, into "product" molecules at its catalytic cap and moves by self-phoresis induced by the product.

The Vecta 46 intermediate catheter for mechanical thrombectomy of distal medium vessel occlusions: A single-center experience.

Introduction: With emerging evidence supporting the clinical efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs), MT devices specifically designed to navigate through smaller caliber and more delicate tortuous distal cerebrovasculature are required. This study describes our single-center experience using the AXS Vecta 46 intermediate catheter for first-line thromboaspiration of DMVOs.

Methods: We identified all patients who underwent MT using the Vecta 46 for first-line thromboaspiration for primary or secondary DMVOs.

Magnetic diffusion in solar atmosphere produces measurable electric fields.

The efficient release of magnetic energy in astrophysical plasmas, such as during solar flares, can in principle be achieved through magnetic diffusion, at a rate determined by the associated electric field. However, attempts at measuring electric fields in the solar atmosphere are scarce, and none exist for sites where the magnetic energy is presumably released. Here, we present observations of an energetic event using the National Science Foundation's Daniel K.

Interactive effects of genetic liability and combat exposure on risk of alcohol use disorder among US service members.

Background: An improved understanding of pathways to alcohol use disorder (AUD) among service members may inform efforts to reduce the substantial impact of AUD on this population. This study examined whether the relationship between a service-related risk factor (combat exposure) and later AUD varied based on individual differences in genetic liability to AUD.

Methods: The sample consisted of 1203 US Army soldiers of genetically determined European ancestry who provided survey and genomic data in the Army STARRS Pre/Post Deployment Study (PPDS; 2012-2014) and follow-up survey data in wave 1 of the STARRS Longitudinal Study (2016-2018).