Occurrence, Fate, and Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Small- and Large-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the United States.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could be conduits of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants in the environment. This study investigated the fate of 40 PFAS compounds across nine municipal WWTPs with varying treatment capacity and processes. High concentrations of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were detected in wastewater, with the ratio of their total concentrations (∑PFCAs/∑PFSAs) always greater than one.

The potential for AI to revolutionize conservation: a horizon scan.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool that could be leveraged to identify the effective conservation solutions demanded by the urgent biodiversity crisis. We present the results of our horizon scan of AI applications likely to significantly benefit biological conservation. An international panel of conservation scientists and AI experts identified 21 key ideas.

Associations Between Sociodemographic Factors and Adolescent Food Consumption During Independent Eating Occasions.

Associations were examined between sociodemographic characteristics of a US online survey sample of caregiver/adolescent dyads ( = 533) and food intake during independent eating occasions. Caregivers reported sociodemographic characteristics for dyads. Adolescents reported daily intake frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages, junk foods, sugary foods, fast food, and fruits and vegetables during independent eating occasions.

Muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors among college-aged women: The role of sexual orientation.

While sexual minority (SM) status has been associated with poorer body image and greater eating pathology among men, findings are inconsistent among women. The lack of focus on muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors among SM women may contribute to these mixed findings; thus, we examined these constructs within a large sample of SM and heterosexual women. Our sample included 1511 cisgender women (n= 1213 heterosexual, n= 298 SM).

Differences in Mental Health Symptoms and Inequities in Mental Health Service Use Among Black and White Populations and Asian and Latine Subpopulations.

Background: While studies have observed mental health inequities across aggregated Asian and Latine populations, a critical gap exists in our understanding of inequities within and across Asian and Latine subpopulations.

Objective: We examined the prevalence of mental health symptoms and variations in mental health service use across Black and White populations and Asian and Latine subpopulations at a more granular level.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2016-2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.

Evidence of spillover benefits from large-scale marine protected areas to purse seine fisheries.

Global tuna fisheries are valued at more than $40 billion, with the majority of this value derived from purse seine fisheries. Recently created large-scale marine protected areas are potentially big enough to protect highly migratory species such as tuna, possibly leading to increases in abundance (a conservation benefit) and consequent spillover near protected area boundaries (an economic benefit). Using publicly available data from nine large-scale marine protected areas across the Pacific and Indian oceans, we find that catch-per-unit-effort in tuna purse seine fisheries has increased by an average of 12 to 18% near protected area boundaries, and this increase declines with distance from the boundaries.

A Survey of US Collegiate Student-Athletes and Athletic Trainers on Sports-Related Concussion Knowledge and Reporting Habits.

Objective: To assess sports-related concussion (SRC) knowledge levels in US collegiate student-athletes (S-As) and athletic trainers (ATs) and identify factors that influence reporting of SRC by S-As.

Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective study.

Setting: University training room/clinic visits.

What Matters to Older Native Hawaiians?: A Qualitative Study of Care Preferences.

Formal assessment of What Matters in end-of-life care is often done in medical settings through legal forms. Past research indicates that Native Hawaiians are less likely to complete these forms than Whites. The purpose of this study was to explore health care preferences among Native Hawaiian elders and to identify cultural themes that may impact quality care at end of life.

Maternal investment, body condition and calf growth in humpback whales.

Given recent declines in North Pacific humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) reproductive output and calf survival, there is additional urgency to better understand how mother-calf pairs allocate energy resources across their migratory cycle. Here, unoccupied aerial system (UAS; or drone) photogrammetry was used to quantify the body size and condition (BC) of humpback whales on their Hawai'i (HI) breeding and Southeast Alaska (SEAK) feeding grounds. Between 2018 and 2022, we collected 2410 measurements of 1659 individuals.

BUSClean: Open-source software for breast ultrasound image pre-processing and knowledge extraction for medical AI.

Development of artificial intelligence (AI) for medical imaging demands curation and cleaning of large-scale clinical datasets comprising hundreds of thousands of images. Some modalities, such as mammography, contain highly standardized imaging. In contrast, breast ultrasound imaging (BUS) can contain many irregularities not indicated by scan metadata, such as enhanced scan modes, sonographer annotations, or additional views.

Energetic cost of gestation and prenatal growth in humpback whales.

Improving our understanding of energy allocation in reproduction is key for accurately parameterizing bioenergetic models to assess population responses to environmental perturbations and anthropogenic disturbance. We quantified the energetic cost of gestation in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) using historical whaling records, non-invasive unoccupied aerial system (UAS) photogrammetry and post mortem tissue samples. First, we estimated relative birth size using body length measurements of 678 mother-fetus pairs from historical whaling records and 987 mother-calf pairs measured in situ using UAS-photogrammetry.

Low-temperature gas-phase formation of cyclopentadiene and its role in the formation of aromatics in the interstellar medium.

The cyclopentadiene (CH) molecule has emerged as a molecular building block of nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and carbonaceous nanostructures such as corannulene (CH), nanobowls (CH), and fullerenes (C) in deep space. However, the underlying elementary gas-phase processes synthesizing cyclopentadiene from acyclic hydrocarbon precursors have remained elusive. Here, by merging crossed molecular beam experiments with rate coefficient calculations and comprehensive astrochemical modeling, we afford persuasive testimony on an unconventional low-temperature cyclization pathway to cyclopentadiene from acyclic precursors through the reaction of the simplest diatomic organic radical-methylidyne (CH)-with 1,3-butadiene (CH) representing main route to cyclopentadiene observed in TaurusMolecular Cloud.

Motivational interviewing for students in school settings: A meta-analysis.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a brief counseling intervention with demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating unhealthy habits across populations, behaviors, and settings. Although prior research underscores its benefit with adolescents, a comprehensive examination of its application in school settings remains unexplored. Therefore, the primary aim of the present meta-analysis was to calculate the average estimated effect of all studies examining the use of MI with students in school settings.

Prediction of potential occurrence of historical objects with defensive function in Slovakia using machine learning approach.

In this article, we aim at the prediction of possible locations of already defunct historical objects with a defensive function (HODFs) in Slovakia, which have not been found and documented so far, using three machine learning methods. Specifically, we used the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest algorithms, which were trained based on the following five factors influencing the possible occurrence of HODFs: elevation, distance from a river, distance from a settlement, lithological rock type, and type of representative geoecosystems. Training and testing datasets were based on a database of already documented 605 HODFs, which were divided into 70% of training samples and 30% of testing samples.

Hawaiian High School Football Player Positional Differences in Helmet Impact Characteristics.

Context: The importance of analyzing head impact exposure among football players is well established, yet few studies have explored the differences across position groups in high school athletes. Better understanding of these differences may provide optimized intervention strategies for coaches and healthcare providers.

Objective: To quantify the difference of head impacts per exposure (Imp/E) and impact burden high school football player position groups.

Accuracy of Dermatologist Listings in Hawai'i's Medicaid (Med-QUEST) Physician Directories.

Since 2017, Hawai'i has had a statute requiring health plans to update their provider directories at least monthly. However, the results of this study suggest that despite this regulation, errors in physician directories may be an ongoing problem. Using publicly available online Medicaid physician directories from Med-QUEST, Hawaii Medical Service Association (HMSA), AlohaCare, 'Ohana Health Plan, and United Healthcare, 473 unique listings for dermatologists were reviewed and 411 (86.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) among Indonesian adolescents.

Background: Although mental health issues among Indonesian adolescents are of growing concern, a psychometrically valid measure of affect in Indonesia to inform related research and prevention and treatment efforts does not exist.

Methods: The present study's aim was to culturally adapt and validate the widely used Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children (PANAS-C) among Indonesian adolescents. The original 30-item PANAS-C in English underwent forward and back translations to Bahasa Indonesia (the national language of Indonesia) followed by cognitive interviews with private and public school students ages 12-15 (n = 18).

Exploring Youths' Offers to Use E-Cigarettes in Rural Hawai'i: A Test Development and Validation Study.

The purpose of this study is to describe the development and initial validation of a survey focused on problematic situations involving e-cigarette use by rural Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) youths. A 5-phase approach to test development and validation was used. In Phase 1 (Item Generation), survey items were created from a series of focus groups with middle school youths on Hawai'i Island ( = 69).

A Mathematical Model for Wind Velocity Field Reconstruction and Visualization Taking into Account the Topography Influence.

In this paper, we propose a global modelling for vector field approximation from a given finite set of vectors (corresponding to the wind velocity field or marine currents). In the modelling, we propose using the minimization on a Hilbert space of an energy functional that includes a fidelity criterion to the data and a smoothing term. We discretize the continuous problem using a finite elements method.

Measurement-Based Care as a Tool to Detect and Prevent Harm in Youth Psychotherapy.

Measurement-based care (MBC), the use of routine assessment to guide clinical decision-making, has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of mental health services for youth by improving the detection and prevention of harm. Concerns exist, however, that widespread efforts to implement MBC may have a negative impact on youth mental health care. We explore both perspectives by describing how MBC can be leveraged as a tool to detect and prevent harmful treatment in youth and how misapplication of MBC also has the potential to cause harm.

Cultural ecosystem services and the conservation challenges for an Indigenous people's aquatic protected area practice.

Globally, protected areas associated with sacred sites and cemeteries are an emerging area of research. However, they are biased toward terrestrial systems. In Fiji, funerary protected areas (FPAs) in freshwater and marine systems are culturally protected by Indigenous Fijians following the burial of a loved one on clan land.

Inter- and intraspecific responses of coral colonies to thermal anomalies on Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific.

Long-term monitoring of individual coral colonies is important for understanding variability between and within species over time in the context of thermal stress. Here, we analyze an 11-year time series of permanent benthic photoquadrats taken on Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific, from 2009 to 2019 to track the growth (i.e.

"I Speak Up for Myself, My Family, and for My Community": How Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders Respond to Anti-Asian Racism During COVID-19.

This qualitative study explored how Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs) responded to anti-Asian racism during COVID-19. Participants (n = 459; M = 26.4 years; 77.