Increasing microplastic concentrations have nonlinear impacts on the physiology of reef-building corals.

The pollution of marine environments with plastics, particularly microplastic (MP, i.e., plastic particles <5 mm), is a major threat to marine biota, including corals.

Serial biomarker measurements may be helpful to predict the successful application of high flow nasal cannula in COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) can reduce the need for intubation in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), but predictors of HFNC success could be characterized better. C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer are associated with COVID-19 severity and progression. However, no one has evaluated the use of serial CRP and D-dimer ratios to predict HFNC success.

Unintentional exposure to leuprolide acetate during early pregnancy with a huge intramural myoma.

Leuprolide acetate is commonly used to reduce the size of myomas before surgery. Initially, it stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion, followed by sustained suppression of gonadal function. However, the impact on pregnancy outcomes from inadvertent exposure remains unclear.

Sepsis-induced cardiogenic shock: controversies and evidence gaps in diagnosis and management.

Sepsis often leads to vasoplegia and a hyperdynamic cardiac state, with treatment focused on restoring vascular tone. However, sepsis can also cause reversible myocardial dysfunction, particularly in the elderly with pre-existing heart conditions. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommend using dobutamine with norepinephrine or epinephrine alone for patients with septic shock with cardiac dysfunction and persistent hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation and stable blood pressure.

Opening the Cabinets: A Critical Evaluation of Skeletal Teaching Collections in the United States.

The collections of human remains within our university laboratories and classrooms are considered by many to be integral to teaching osteology. However, as an outgrowth of the Western scientific tradition of mind/body dualism, human remains within skeletal teaching collections are often regarded differently than those in museums or applied contexts. From processing to storage, the personhood of each individual becomes abstracted as we purchase, "inherit," handle, organize, and digitally scan their bones for teaching purposes.

The American Rescue Plan Act and Access to Health Care for Latinos According to Citizenship Status.

Objective: We studied patterns in health care access between Latino and non-Latino White adults according to citizenship status before and after the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) of 2021 was enacted to determine whether inequities changed.

Methods: This study used 2019-2022 National Health Survey Interview data. Differences in predicted probabilities from logistic regression models were used to estimate changes in health care access outcomes (any insurance coverage, private insurance coverage, delaying care due to cost, and having a usual source of care) among Latino citizens, Latino noncitizens, and non-Latino White citizens in periods before and after ARPA's enactment (2019-2020 vs 2021-2022).

Strontium isoscape of sub-Saharan Africa allows tracing origins of victims of the transatlantic slave trade.

Strontium isotope (Sr/Sr) analysis with reference to strontium isotope landscapes (Sr isoscapes) allows reconstructing mobility and migration in archaeology, ecology, and forensics. However, despite the vast potential of research involving Sr/Sr analysis particularly in Africa, Sr isoscapes remain unavailable for the largest parts of the continent. Here, we measure the Sr/Sr ratios in 778 environmental samples from 24 African countries and combine this data with published data to model a bioavailable Sr isoscape for sub-Saharan Africa using random forest regression.

The effects of handling on stress response markers in a reef fish model for aquaculture development, the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis.

With the expanding global population, interest has increased in the sustainable aquaculture development of indigenous fishes. In Hawai'i, the brassy chub, Kyphosus vaigiensis, has drawn interest as a candidate species for production. However, little is known about its resilience in aquaculture settings where fish are exposed to acute, husbandry-related stressors.

Exposure therapy consortium: Outcomes of the proof-of-principle study.

Background: This paper reports on the outcomes of a proof-of-principle study for the Exposure Therapy Consortium, a global network of researchers and clinicians who work to improve the effectiveness and uptake of exposure therapy. The study aimed to test the feasibility of the consortium's big-team science approach and test the hypothesis that adding post-exposure processing focused on enhancing threat reappraisal would enhance the efficacy of a one-session large-group interoceptive exposure therapy protocol for reducing anxiety sensitivity.

Methods: The study involved a multi-site cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing exposure with post-processing (ENHANCED), exposure without post-processing (STANDARD), and a stress management intervention (CONTROL) in students with elevated anxiety sensitivity.

Clinicopathological significance of androgen receptor expression and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a serious disease with limited treatment options. We explored the significance of androgen receptor (AR) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in predicting neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) resistance in TNBC, hypothesizing that AR/TIL classification using pretreatment biopsies can identify NAC-resistant subgroups and improve the understanding of apocrine differentiation.

Methods: This retrospective study included 156 consecutive patients with TNBC treated with NAC.

Clinically feasible dual-task detects residual post-concussion deficits after return-to-play.

Dual-task (DT) has been shown to detect post-concussion deficits even after traditional measures returned to normal. However, previous studies were conducted in laboratory settings that were not feasible in the clinical setting. Prospective Cohort Study.

Untangling the Efficient Boron-Initialized Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Combustion for High Energetic Solid Propulsion Systems.

Highly energetic boron (B) particles embedded in hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) thermosetting polymers represent stable solid-state fuel. Laser-heating of levitated B/HTPB and pure HTPB particles in a controlled atmosphere revealed spontaneous ignition of B/HTPB in air, allowing for examination of the exclusive roles of boron. These ignition events are probed via simultaneous spectroscopic diagnostics: Raman and infrared spectroscopy, temporally resolved high-speed optical and infrared cameras, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy.

Change in sediment transport regime of the Keelung River in Taiwan induced by the operation of Yuanshantze flood diversion tunnel.

The impact of flood diversion channels on river sediment transport has been rarely reported. This study uses the Yuanshantze flood diversion tunnel (YFDT), which was commissioned in July 2005 in Taiwan, as an example. This study calculates the sediment transport in the Keelung River from 1997 to 2018 by using seasonal rating curves, in the form of aQb.

Macroevolutionary inference of complex modes of chromosomal speciation in a cosmopolitan plant lineage.

The effects of single chromosome number change-dysploidy - mediating diversification remain poorly understood. Dysploidy modifies recombination rates, linkage, or reproductive isolation, especially for one-fifth of all eukaryote lineages with holocentric chromosomes. Dysploidy effects on diversification have not been estimated because modeling chromosome numbers linked to diversification with heterogeneity along phylogenies is quantitatively challenging.

Micro-nano bubble ozonation for effective treatment of ibuprofen-laden wastewater and enhanced anaerobic digestion performance.

The pharmaceutical industry plays a crucial role in driving global economic growth but also poses substantial environmental challenges, particularly in the efficient treatment of production wastewater. This study investigates the efficacy of micro-nano bubble (MNB) ozonation for treating high-strength ibuprofen (IBU)-laden wastewater (49.9 ± 2.

Worldwide comparison of carbon stocks and fluxes between native and non-native forests.

Climate change is one of the main challenges that human societies are currently facing. Given that forests represent major natural carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems, administrations worldwide are launching broad-scale programs to promote forests, including stands of non-native trees. Yet, non-native trees may have profound impacts on the functions and services of forest ecosystems, including the carbon cycle, as they may differ widely from native trees in structural and functional characteristics.

Toxin and capsule production by Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis influence pathogenicity in macrophages and animal models.

Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis (Bcbva) causes anthrax-like disease in animals, particularly in the non-human primates and great apes of West and Central Africa. Genomic analyses revealed Bcbva as a member of the B. cereus species that carries two plasmids, pBCXO1 and pBCXO2, which have high sequence homology to the B.

Penilumamide, a novel SIRT1 activator, protects UVB-induced photodamages in HaCaT cells.

Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is a major physical factor that induces structural changes in human skin. The aim of this study was to determine whether the novel silent information regulator 1 (sirtuin 1 SIRT1) protein activator, penilumamide, exerted any protective effects against UVB-induced skin damage using human HaCaT keratinocytes as a model. Enzymatic assays were performed to determine the SIRT1-activating ability of penilumamide, which was compared with that of resveratrol, a potent natural product SIRT1 activator with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Long-sperm precedence and other cryptic female choices in Drosophila melanogaster.

Females that mate multiply make postmating choices about which sperm fertilize their eggs (cryptic female choice); however, the male characteristics they use to make such choices remain unclear. In this study, we sought to understand female sperm use patterns by evaluating whether Drosophila melanogaster females adjust sperm use (second male paternity) in response to four main factors: male genotype, male courtship effort, male pheromone alteration, and male postmating reproductive morphology. Our experiment was replicated across four different D.

Occurrence, Fate, and Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Small- and Large-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the United States.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could be conduits of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants in the environment. This study investigated the fate of 40 PFAS compounds across nine municipal WWTPs with varying treatment capacity and processes. High concentrations of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were detected in wastewater, with the ratio of their total concentrations (∑PFCAs/∑PFSAs) always greater than one.

The potential for AI to revolutionize conservation: a horizon scan.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool that could be leveraged to identify the effective conservation solutions demanded by the urgent biodiversity crisis. We present the results of our horizon scan of AI applications likely to significantly benefit biological conservation. An international panel of conservation scientists and AI experts identified 21 key ideas.

The three stages of polytrauma rehabilitation- a recommendation and a systematic literature review on behalf of SICOT.

Purpose: Polytrauma presents a devastating event with great impact on the patient's life. While we are taking great care of improving our treatment algorithms, the rehabilitation often takes place outside of our direct field of vision. Yet, adequate rehabilitation is crucial for the patients to regain their former lives.