Optimizing automated photo identification for population assessments.

Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture-recapture and photographic identification (photo-ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms.

Alkylazolation of Alkenes via Photocatalytic Radical Polar Crossover.

We present a photocatalytic method for alkylamination of alkenes, enabling efficient C-C and C-N bond formation to construct aza-heterocycles valuable in drug discovery. Using a radical-polar crossover pathway, electron-deficient alkenes are reduced to electrophilic radicals, which react with electron-rich alkenes to form nucleophilic radicals. Oxidation of these intermediates yields carbocations, which are trapped by aza-heteroarenes to afford alkylaminated products.

Localizing and Tailoring the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare to Optimize Fit.

Introduction Debriefing in healthcare simulation is helpful in reinforcing learning objectives, closing performance gaps, and improving future practice and patient care. The Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) is a validated tool. However, localized rater training for the DASH has not been described.

Vernonolide A, a Sesquiterpene Lactone with a Unique Carbon Skeleton from .

A novel sesquiterpene lactone derivative, vernonolide A (), featuring an unprecedented carbon skeleton, along with its plausible biosynthetic precursor, vercinolide I (), and eight known sesquiterpene lactones (-) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of (L.). The structures of and were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis and calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra.

Governance of Indigenous data in open earth systems science.

In the age of big data and open science, what processes are needed to follow open science protocols while upholding Indigenous Peoples' rights? The Earth Data Relations Working Group (EDRWG), convened to address this question and envision a research landscape that acknowledges the legacy of extractive practices and embraces new norms across Earth science institutions and open science research. Using the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) as an example, the EDRWG recommends actions, applicable across all phases of the data lifecycle, that recognize the sovereign rights of Indigenous Peoples and support better research across all Earth Sciences.

Baseline Estimates for Companion Animals Living in Households in Hawai'i: Associated Socio-Demographic, and Select Health Variables, as Measured by a Household Survey.

Information on companion animals in Hawai'i is lacking. The Hawai'i Department of Health's Hawai'i Health Survey, collected data on adults and households by telephone interview. National estimates of companion animals range from 50-67%.

Resilience in Medical Education: Examining the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pre-clerkship Curriculum Outcomes and Learner Perceptions at the University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine.

The transition to virtual learning formats during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated substantial curricular adjustments to the University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine. This study compares student satisfaction and academic performance between the pre-pandemic (up through March 25, 2020) and pandemic (after March 25, 2020) periods.

Binding the Power of Cycloaddition and Cross-Coupling in a Single Mechanism: An Unexpected Bending Journey to Radical Chemistry of Butadiynyl with Conjugated Dienes.

What if an experiment could combine the power of cycloaddition and cross-coupling with the formation of an aromatic molecule in a single collision? Crossed molecular beam experiments augmented with electronic structure and statistical calculations provided compelling evidence on a novel radical route involving 1,3-butadiynyl (HCCCC; X∑) radicals synthesizing (substituted) arylacetylenes in the gas phase upon reactions with 1,3-butadiene (CHCHCHCH; XA) and 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene; CHC(CH)CHCH; XA'). This elegant mechanism merges two previously disconnected concepts of cross-coupling and cycloaddition-aromatization in a single collision event via the formation of two new C(sp)-C(sp) bonds and bending the 180° moiety of the linear 1,3-butadiynyl radical out of the ordinary by 60° to 120°. In addition to its importance to fundamental organic chemistry, this unconventional mechanism links two previously separated routes of gas-phase molecular mass growth processes of polyacetylenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively, in low-temperature environments such as in cold molecular clouds like the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC-1) and in hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres of planets and their moons such as Titan, which revises the established understanding of low-temperature molecular mass growth processes in the Universe.

Self-assembly of chiroptical ionic co-crystals from silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles.

Atomically precise nanoclusters can be assembled into ordered superlattices with unique electronic, magnetic, optical and catalytic properties. The co-crystallization of nanoclusters with functional organic molecules provides opportunities to access an even wider range of structures and properties, but can be challenging to control synthetically. Here we introduce a supramolecular approach to direct the assembly of atomically precise silver nanoclusters into a series of nanocluster‒organic ionic co-crystals with tunable structures and properties.

Differences in tumor size, clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic profiles of central nervous system tumors among a racially diverse cohort: A retrospective case-control study.

Background: One avenue to improve outcomes among brain tumor patients involves the mitigation of healthcare disparities. Investigating clinical differences among brain tumors across socioeconomic and demographic strata, such can aid in healthcare disparity identification and, by extension, outcome improvement.

Methods: Utilizing a racially diverse population from Hawaii, 323 cases of brain tumors (meningiomas, gliomas, schwannomas, pituitary adenomas, and metastases) were matched by age, sex, and race to 651 controls to investigate the associations between tumor type and various demographic, socioeconomic, and medical comorbidities.

Evaluating health status and risks among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander communities in Hawai'i: a respondent-driven sampling approach.

Purpose: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a sampling method that relies on social networks to recruit hard-to-reach populations, and reduces the bias from non-random selection. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of RDS in collecting health assessment data from underrepresented populations not captured by traditional sampling techniques.

Methods: An RDS study was conducted in Hawai'i between 2017 and 2018 of Native Hawaiians, Chuukese, and Marshallese participants.

Parental effects provide an opportunity for coral resilience following major bleaching events.

Identifying processes that promote coral reef recovery and resilience is crucial as ocean warming becomes more frequent and severe. Sexual reproduction is essential for the replenishment of coral populations and maintenance of genetic diversity; however, the ability for corals to reproduce may be impaired by marine heatwaves that cause coral bleaching. In 2014 and 2015, the Hawaiian Islands experienced coral bleaching with differential bleaching susceptibility in the species Montipora capitata, a dominant reef-building coral in the region.

Advancing Natural Killer Cell Therapy: Genetic Engineering Strategies for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.

Natural killer (NK) cells are pivotal innate immune system components that exhibit spontaneous cytolytic activity against abnormal cells, such as infected and tumor cells. NK cells have shown significant promise in adoptive cell therapy because of their favorable safety profiles and minimal toxicity in clinical settings. Despite their advantages, the therapeutic application of unmodified NK cells faces challenges, including limited in vivo persistence, particularly in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Racial-Ethnic Disparities of Obesity Require Community Context-Specific Biomedical Research for Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders.

Compared to the general population of Hawai'i, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (NHPI) shoulder a disproportionately high risk for obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome is an area of rapid research interest for its role in regulating adjacent metabolic pathways, offering novel opportunities to better understand the etiology of these health disparities. Obesity and the gut microbiome are influenced by regional, racial-ethnic, and community-specific factors, limiting the generalizability of current literature for understudied populations.

Effects of Gut Bacteria on the Fitness of Rice Leaf Folder .

The rice leaf folder is an important migratory pest in Asia. Although this pest possesses diverse bacterial communities in its gut, functions of these bacteria in modulating host fitness, including development durations, pupal weight, adult longevity, and fecundity, remain unknown. We isolated gut bacteria from field-collected larvae using a culture-dependent method and identified 15 bacterial isolates.

A Practical Clinical Approach to Navigate Pulmonary Embolism Management: A Primer and Narrative Review of the Evolving Landscape.

Advances in imaging, pharmacological, and procedural technologies have rapidly expanded the care of pulmonary embolism. Earlier, more accurate identification and quantification has enhanced risk stratification across the spectrum of the disease process, with a number of clinical tools available to prognosticate outcomes and guide treatment. Direct oral anticoagulants have enabled a consistent and more convenient long-term therapeutic option, with a greater shift toward outpatient treatment for a select group of low-risk patients.

AI in Biomedicine-A Forward-Looking Perspective on Health Equity.

As new artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being developed and as AI continues to revolutionize healthcare, its potential to advance health equity is increasingly recognized. The 2024 Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Consortium National Conference session titled "Artificial Intelligence: Safely, Ethically, and Responsibly" brought together experts from diverse institutions to explore AI's role and challenges in advancing health equity. This report summarizes presentations and discussions from the conference focused on AI's potential and its challenges, particularly algorithmic bias, transparency, and the under-representation of minority groups in AI datasets.

Revealing 'Eha: A Qualitative Project on Historical Trauma Experiences Among Wāhine.

Historical trauma has been established as a determinant of health among all Hawaiians, but limited research exists on how Wāhine (Native Hawaiian women) uniquely experience historical trauma. A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted to primarily understand how historical trauma, trauma response, and the transmission and modes of intergenerational trauma intersect with sexism and patriarchy among contemporary Wāhine, as described in the Historical Trauma Conceptual Model. With partnership and approval of the Waimānalo Pono Research Hui, interviews were conducted with 13 Wāhine from various generations in Hawai'i.

An Entropy Dynamics Approach to Inferring Fractal-Order Complexity in the Electromagnetics of Solids.

A fractal-order entropy dynamics model is developed to create a modified form of Maxwell's time-dependent electromagnetic equations. The approach uses an information-theoretic method by combining Shannon's entropy with fractional moment constraints in time and space. Optimization of the cost function leads to a time-dependent Bayesian posterior density that is used to homogenize the electromagnetic fields.

Fitness of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Cultivated Wheat and a Weed, Wild Oat (), and Its Implications for Pest Management.

(Walker), a significant migratory pest in many Asian countries, can cause severe damage to wheat crops. Understanding whether wild oat can serve as an alternate host is important for informing predictive models of infestation levels in wheat fields and can improve pest and weed management strategies. We first conducted both choice and no-choice experiments and found that readily laid eggs on both wheat and wild oat, with no significant oviposition preference.

How does globally accumulated tropical cyclone energy vary in response to a changing climate?

How tropical cyclone (TC) activity varies in response to a changing climate is widely debated. The accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) is one of the indicators of TC activity and has attracted considerable attention because of its close relationship with the damages caused by TCs. Previous studies have focused on detecting long-term trends in global ACE; however, the results are inconclusive.

Increasing microplastic concentrations have nonlinear impacts on the physiology of reef-building corals.

The pollution of marine environments with plastics, particularly microplastic (MP, i.e., plastic particles <5 mm), is a major threat to marine biota, including corals.