Investigation of Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Activities and In Silico Studies.

The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for the inactivation and decrease in acetylcholine in the cholinergic pathway, has been considered an attractive target for small-molecule drug discovery in Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. In the present study, a series of TZD derivatives were designed, synthesized, and studied for drug likeness, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Additionally, docking studies of the designed compounds were performed on AChE.

Astaxanthin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles inhibit survival of MKN-45 gastric cancer cell line by modulating JAK2/STAT3/mTOR/PI3K pathway.

Background/aims: Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant global health issue with high incidence rates and poor prognoses, ranking among the top prevalent cancers worldwide. Due to undesirable side effects and drug resistance, there is a pressing need for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding the interconnectedness of the JAK2/STAT3/mTOR/PI3K pathway in tumorigenesis and the role of Astaxanthin (ASX), a red ketocarotenoid member of xanthophylls and potent antioxidant and anti-tumor activity, can be effective for cancer treatments.

Efficacy of intermittent fasting on improving liver function in individuals with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intermittent fasting (IF) can be an effective dietary therapy for weight loss and improving cardiometabolic health. However, there is scant evidence regarding the role of IF on indicators of liver function, particularly in adults with metabolic disorders. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of IF on liver function in adults with metabolic disorders.

An economical synthesis of benzodiazepines using ACT@IRMOF core-shell as a potential eco-friendly catalyst through the activated carbon of thymus plant (ACT).

Here, a straightforward design is employed to synthesize a nanocatalyst based on a carbon-activated modified metal-organic framework using the solvothermal method. This work presents a simple and practical approach for producing the activated carbon derived from the Thymus plant (ACT) modified with amine-functionalized isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 (IRMOF-3) to create an ACT@IRMOF-3 core-shell structure. Successful functionalization was confirmed through N adsorption isotherms, FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, elemental mapping, TGA, and XRD analysis.

Machine learning techniques for non-destructive estimation of plum fruit weight.

Plum fruit fresh weight (FW) estimation is crucial for various agricultural practices, including yield prediction, quality control, and market pricing. Traditional methods for estimating fruit weight are often destructive, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. In this study, we addressed the problem of predicting plum FW using artificial intelligence (AI) methods based on fruit dimensions.

Effectiveness of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization training on strength, endurance, and flexibility in adults with intellectual disabilities, a randomized controlled trial.

Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) often exhibit lower levels of physical fitness compared to the general population, including reduced strength, endurance, flexibility, and coordination. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training can potentially improve the performance of adults with ID caused by weak motor skills due to a lack of desirable nerve growth during childhood and before puberty. Also, DNS training proposed to improve physical fitness in this population, but the effectiveness and durability of DNS training on specific fitness components have not been well-established.

Escherichia coli transport in two acidic soils: Effect of microbially induced calcite precipitation technology.

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) while neutralizing soil pH, can lead to pore clogging which in turn may reduce bacteria transport. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the MICP process for E. coli filtration in two acidic soils.

Investigation of mesenchymal stem cell secretome on breast cancer gene expression: A bioinformatic approach to identify differentially expressed genes, functional networks, and potential therapeutic targets.

The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome plays a pivotal role in shaping the tumor microenvironment, influencing both cancer progression and potential therapeutic outcomes. In this research, by using publicly available dataset GSE196312, we investigated the role of MSC secretome on breast cancer cell gene expression. Our results raveled differentially expressed genes, including the upregulation of Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate Dependent Rac Exchange Factor 1 (PREX1), C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 28 (CCL28), and downregulation of Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain (COL1A1), Collagen Type I Alpha 3 Chain (COL1A3), Collagen Type III Alpha 1 Chain (COL3A1), which contributing to extra cellular matrix (ECM) weakening and promoting cell migration.

Sulfonated polystyrene foam waste as an efficient catalyst for Friedel-Crafts type reactions.

The catalytic efficiency of sulfonated polystyrene foam waste (SPS) and sulfonated gamma alumina (SGA) in Friedel-Crafts type reactions was compared. All of the materials were studied using the state-of-the-art characterization techniques. SPS was found to carry a higher load of -SOH functional groups (1.

Effects of biological fertilizers on physiological traits and bioactive compounds in saffron (Crocus sativus L.).

Background: Relatively few studies have explored the impact of biofertilizers on the qualitative and quantitative yield of saffron despite its global agricultural and medical importance. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and phytochemical responses of saffron to potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and iron-zinc (Fe-Zn) biofertilizers over 2 consecutive years (2022-2023). The treatments included single and combined applications of K, P, and Fe-Zn biofertilizers containing active bacterial inoculum, along with a control group, resulting in a total of eight treatments.

A new biocompatible COF-MCM nanoporous hybrid DDS for pH-controlled delivery of curcumin.

A novel polyimide-bridge covalent organic framework-based (PI-COF) hybrid was synthesized through simple green chemistry between PI-COF and MCM-NH monomers as a pH-sensitive anticancer curcumin (C) delivery system. The synthesized nanohybrid was crystalline in nature with an improved surface area and pore volume compared to the base COF, certified by powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique. Kinetically controlled and sustained curcumin release profiles were investigated using the as-prepared curcumin-loaded drug delivery systems (C@DDSs) in neutral and acidic pH media.

Sirtuin 1 mediates the pro-survival effects of vitamin D in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts.

Background: The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (VitD) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in mitigating pathological cardiac remodeling is well recognized. However, the potential for SIRT1 to mediate the inhibitory effects of VitD on angiotensin II (Ang II) -induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts remains unclear.

Methods: H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were exposed to Ang II or a combination of VitD and Ang II, both in the absence and presence of SIRT1-specific siRNA.

Designing a new magnetic g-CN nanocatalyst based on Ag nanoparticles supported by β-cyclodextrin for effective reduction of nitroaromatic compounds.

In this study, we present the synthesis of a silver nanocomposite by utilizing a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) polymer anchored onto the surface of magnetic g-CN (referred to as g-CN-FeO/βCD-Ag). The structure and composition of the g-CN-FeO/βCD-Ag nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM-EDS, TEM, TGA, XRD, ICP, and VSM. This catalytic system exhibited excellent selectivity in reducing nitro groups, even in the presence of other reactive functional groups, resulting in high yields ranging from 85 to 98%.

Optimization of Green Synthesis Formulation of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) Using Peach Tree Leaf Extract and Investigating its Properties and Stability.

Background: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are highly sought after in diverse industries for their distinct properties and advantages. SeNPs can be synthesized via several methods, including the use of microwave, bain-marie, autoclave, and heater.

Objective: The objective is to optimize the SeNP synthesis formulation, emphasizing stability, concentration, particle size minimization, and uniformity using central composite design.

Impacts of environmental parameters on sick building syndrome prevalence among residents: a walk-through survey in Rasht, Iran.

Background: This study evaluated the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) in Rasht, Iran, a subtropical climate with wetter cold season city, during the autumn and winter months of 2020, focusing on the effects of noise and ventilation.

Methods: A total of 420 residents completed the indoor air climate questionnaire (MM040EA), and a walk-through survey of 45 randomly selected residential units assessed environmental noise, ventilation rate, and luminous conditions.

Results: Approximately 38.

Evaluation of drain quality and nutrient load management scenarios by using QUAL2kw model.

The examination of wastewater and effluents flowing into receiving water bodies is crucial for identifying pollutant sources and implementing scenarios to reduce them. In this study, QUAL2kw was used to identify, assess, and predict the pollutant load of a drainage canal located 6 km away from Anzali Wetland. Initially, the model was calibrated and validated with data collected in 2017.

Acute effect of exercise on appetite-related factors in males with obesity: A pilot study.

To investigate the role of appetite-related factors, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, interleukin 7 (IL-7), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and leptin, on appetite perception in males with obesity. Eleven males (BMI 35.3 ± 4.

A "signal-on" photoelectrochemical sensor based on hierarchical titanium dioxide nanowires/microflowers decorated graphite-like carbon nitride quantum dots for glutathione detection.

Glutathione (GSH) is a bioactive tripeptide with important physiological functions in animals, plants, and microorganisms. GSH participates in various biochemical reactions in vivo and is known for its antioxidant, anti-allergy, and detoxification properties. This study introduces an innovative photoelectrochemical (PEC) method for GSH detection, leveraging a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode enhanced by TiO nanoflowers and graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs).

Is it truly impossible to strengthen the vastus medialis in isolation from the entire quadriceps muscle group?

Background: To date, no specific exercises have been designed to selectively strengthen the vastus medialis muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a clear answer to the question: Is it truly impossible to strengthen the vastus medialis independently of the entire quadriceps muscle group? Methods: Thirty-three females with lateral patellar compression syndrome were randomly divided into 2 groups: one focused on selective strengthening of the vastus medialis (n = 16) and the other on general strengthening of the quadriceps (n = 17). The intervention lasted 8 weeks.

Effects of mini-basketball training on improving the motor coordination of children with intellectual disabilities and developmental coordination disorders: a randomizedcontrolled trial.

Background: Motor coordination (MC) is one of the main components of motor competence. Children with Intellectual disabilities (ID) usually have weaknesses in MC and related components. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate the effect of mini-basketball training (MBT) versus general physical education programs on improving the motor coordination of children with intellectual disabilities ID.

Protective effect of Auraptene, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell toxicity in PC12 cells.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that is associated with cognitive and memory impairment. The main factors which have been implicated in neurodegeneration of ad are oxidative stress and cholinergic neurons dysfunction. Here, we examined the effects of auraptene, a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, on hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced cell death in PC12 cells.

Zinc oxide fabricated by rutin as potent anti-leukemia nanostructure.

Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a significant therapeutic challenge, and exploration of novel treatment approaches is an urgent necessity. This work investigates the anticancer properties of rutin-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Rut-ZnO NPs) against CML cells. Physicochemical properties of the NPs were studied by FT-IR, FE-SEM, XRD, zeta potential, and DLS analyses.

Polyphenol-rich extracts enhance growth, immune function, and antioxidant defense in juvenile rainbow trout ().

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of PMIX, a polyphenol-rich extract mixture from chestnut wood and olive, on growth performance, hematological parameters, immunity in serum and skin mucus, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, and intestinal cytokine expression in rainbow trout ().

Methods: Four experimental diets containing 0 g PMIX kg diet (control, C), 0.5 g PMIX kg diet (P0.

Monte Carlo investigation of dose distribution of two model Ru/Rh ophthalmic plaques in a realistic human eye model with different uveal melanoma size.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary eye cancer with the highest incidence. BEBIG Ru/Rh ophthalmic plaques more used for the treatment of these eye malignancies, mainly malignancies with small to medium sizes. In this study, we evaluate dose distributions around a voxelized eye phantom due to CCA and CCB eye plaque using GATE code.