Extruded canine diets containing primarily peas in contrast to those containing lamb and chicken meal are at higher risk of mold and mycotoxin contamination when treated similarly: An observational study.

Three extruded dog diets were created for a nutritional study with different primary protein sources (BAS: lamb meal (LM) and deboned lamb (DL); CHK: chicken meal, LM, and DL; PEA: dried ground pea, LM, and DL). All diets were processed using the same single-screw extruder, shipped from the processing facility on the same day, and transported under the same conditions in January 2021. After 8 months of storage in a temperature and humidity-controlled room in September 2021, only the PEA diet was molded upon inspection.

Peritumoral Edema in Canine Extra-Axial Brain Tumours: Effect of Steroids.

This multicenter retrospective study evaluated the effects of a time delay and steroids on the volume of peritumoral edema (VPTE) in dogs with extra-axial brain tumours. The hypothesis is that VPTE will decrease between the diagnostic (MRI-1) and RT planning (MRI-2) MRIs following the administration of steroids. Inclusion required paired MRI acquisitions within 3 months, with VPTE contouring for each MRI registered to the RT planning CT.

Prenatal choline supplementation enhances metabolic outcomes with differential impact on DNA methylation in Wistar rat offspring and dams.

Choline is an essential nutrient required for proper functioning of organs and serves as a methyl donor. In liver where choline metabolism primarily occurs, glucose homeostasis is regulated through insulin receptor substrates (IRS) 1 and 2. The objective of this research was to determine the role of prenatal choline as a modulator of metabolic health and DNA methylation in liver of offspring and dams.

Freeze-dried fecal microorganisms as an effective biomaterial for the treatment of calves suffering from diarrhea.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic modality for treating neonatal calf diarrhea. Several practical barriers, including donor selection, fecal collection, and a limited timeframe for FMT, are the main constraints to using fresh feces for implementing on-farm FMT. We report the utility of FMT with pretreated ready-to-use frozen (F) or freeze-dried (FD) microorganisms for treating calf diarrhea.

Mutual cooperation gives you a stake in your partner's welfare, especially if they are irreplaceable.

Why do we care so much for friends-much more than one might predict from reciprocity alone? According to a recent theory, organisms who cooperate with each other come to have a stake in each other's well-being: A good cooperator is worth protecting-even anonymously if necessary-so they can be available to cooperate in the future. Here, we present three experiments showing that reciprocity creates a stake in a partner's well-being, such that people are willing to secretly pay to protect good cooperative partners, if doing so keeps those partners available for future interaction. Participants played five rounds of a cooperative game (Prisoner's Dilemma) and then received an opportunity to help their partner, without the partner ever knowing.

Fatiguing high-intensity intermittent exercise depresses maximal Na-K-ATPase activity in human skeletal muscle assessed using a novel NADH-coupled assay.

The Na-K-ATPase is a critical regulator of ion homeostasis during contraction, buffering interstitial K accumulation, which is linked to muscle fatigue during intense exercise. Within this context, we adopted a recently reported methodology to examine exercise-induced alterations in maximal Na-K-ATPase activity. Eighteen trained healthy young males completed a repeated high-intensity cycling protocol consisting of three periods (EX1-EX3) of intermittent exercise.

Adaptive multi-paddock grazing increases soil carbon stocks and decreases the carbon footprint of beef production in Ontario, Canada.

Adaptive multi-paddock (AMP) grazing has been promoted to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks over continuously grazed (CG) pastures; however, the evidence for this is still limited, both in terms of the number of studies conducted and the climates and biomes they cover. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of grazing management on pasture SOC stocks and to incorporate this SOC sequestration into a life cycle assessment on the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity (or carbon footprint) of Ontario beef production. Soil cores collected from AMP and CG pastures and annual row crop fields in southern Ontario showed that pastures managed with AMP grazing had significantly higher SOC stocks than CG pastures.

Veterinary ethics and companion animal euthanasia: what can we learn from critical disability studies?

Within veterinary ethics and practice around companion animal end-of-life and euthanasia, the political and cultural dimensions of death and dying are rarely addressed. This reduces the ability to engage with questions like: what future potential goods (positive affective states, meaning) could an animal experience by continuing to live; what constitutes a life worth living; and how can we make this decision for another being? These are questions that have been subject to extensive dialogue within Critical Disability Studies. The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis of how core considerations from Critical Disability Studies could be useful in veterinary ethics when considering companion animal end of life and euthanasia.

Enhancing clinical microbiology for genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance implementation in Africa.

Surveillance is essential in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), to monitor the extent of resistance, inform prevention, control measures, and evaluate intervention progress. Traditional surveillance methods based on phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility data offer important but limited insights into resistance mechanisms, transmission networks, and spread patterns of resistant bacterial strains. Fortunately, genomic technologies are increasingly accessible and can overcome these limitations.

Liver transcriptomics-metabolomics integration reveals biological pathways associated with fetal programming in beef cattle.

We investigated the long-term effects of prenatal nutrition on pre-slaughter Nelore bulls using integrative transcriptome and metabolome analyses of liver tissue. Three prenatal nutritional treatments were administered to 126 cows: NP (control, mineral supplementation only), PP (protein-energy supplementation in the third trimester), and FP (protein-energy supplementation throughout pregnancy). Liver samples from 22.

Pressure-Induced Microvascular Reactivity With Whole Foot Loading Is Unique Across the Human Foot Sole.

Background: Foot sole plantar pressure generates transient but habitual cutaneous ischemia, which is even more exacerbated in atypical gait patterns. Thus, adequate post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) is necessary to maintain skin health. Plantar pressure regional variance during daily tasks potentially generates region-specific PORH, crucial for ischemic defence.

Characterisation and Sensitivity of a Canine Mast Cell Tumour Line to Oncolytic Viruses.

Canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) are one of the most common skin cancers of dogs. Surgical removal is the primary treatment, but recurrence and metastasis can occur even with low-grade tumours. As a result, new treatment strategies are being sought.

An Isoflavone Synthase Gene in Responds to Infection Causing Web Blotch.

Peanut web blotch is an important leaf disease caused by , which seriously affects the quality and yield of peanuts. However, the molecular mechanisms of peanut resistance to peanut web blotch are not well understood. In this study, a transcriptome analysis of the interaction between peanut () and revealed that total 2989 (779 up- and 2210 down-regulated) genes were all differentially expressed in peanut leaves infected by at 7, 14, 21 days post inoculation.

Biosensors for Monitoring, Detecting, and Tracking Dissemination of Poultry-Borne Bacterial Pathogens Along the Poultry Value Chain: A Review.

The poultry industry plays a crucial role in global food production, with chickens being the most widely consumed as a rich protein source. However, infectious diseases pose significant threats to poultry health, underscoring the need for rapid and accurate detection to enable timely intervention. In recent years, biosensors have emerged as essential tools to facilitate routine surveillance on poultry farms and rapid screening at slaughterhouses.

Smart Compression Sock for Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

The prevention of diabetic foot ulcers remains a critical challenge. This study evaluates a smart compression sock designed to address this issue by integrating temperature, plantar pressure, and blood oxygen sensors and monitoring data recorded by these sensors. The smart sock, developed with input from a certified Pedorthist, was tested on 20 healthy adult participants aged 16 to 53.

Rearing laying hens: Early environmental complexity and genetic strain have life-long effects on keel bone size and fractures.

Keel bone damage (KBD) is a major welfare concern for laying hens. Environmental complexity during rearing is suggested to promote skeletal development and reduce KB fractures (KBF). We investigated the effect of rearing environment and genetic strain on KB development and health.

Head tilt in 6 Ankole-Watusi cattle () with chronic exudative cornual sinusitis.

Ankole-Watusi cattle, , have a unique wide-based horn structure with a large communication to the frontal sinus compared to other cattle breeds. A total of 6 cases of cornual sinusitis presented at the Toronto Zoo and Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge® and ® Theme Park with a head tilt. Clinically, 4 of the 6 cases had concurrent otitis at the time of initial clinical observation.