Differential impact of infection on the microbiota of and .

The Western honey bee () is a vital agricultural pollinator whose populations are threatened by the parasitic mite destructor and associated pathogens. While the impact of species on honey bees, particularly larvae causing American foulbrood, is documented, their effect on the microbiota of mites remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of sp.

Spontaneous nanosized liposome formation from crude dried lecithin upon addition of glycerol.

Nanosized liposomal vesicles (NLV) were successfully prepared using natural sunflower lecithin without the use of high-pressure homogenization or filtration. Upon glycerol addition to dispersions of lecithin multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), these broke down spontaneously to liposomes with diameters in the range of 100-200 nm. Static light scattering demonstrated that glycerol addition above 30% (w/w) induced the complete transformation of MLVs into NLVs.

NPtagM: A Tailoring Enzyme Genome Mining Toolkit and Its Application in Terpenoid P450s from Phytopathogenic Fungi.

Terpenoids derived from phytopathogenic fungi are major participants in interactions among microorganisms, plants, and animals. The modifications catalyzed by cytochrome P450s significantly influence the structural and bioactivity diversity of the terpenoids. To conduct genome mining of P450s in pathogenic fungi, in this study, we developed a new software called atural roducts iloring Enzymes enome ining (NPtagM).

Single cell RNA-sequencing of feline peripheral immune cells with V(D)J repertoire and cross species analysis of T lymphocytes.

Introduction: The domestic cat (Felis catus) is a valued companion animal and a model for virally induced cancers and immunodeficiencies. However, species-specific limitations such as a scarcity of immune cell markers constrain our ability to resolve immune cell subsets at sufficient detail. The goal of this study was to characterize circulating feline T cells and other leukocytes based on their transcriptomic landscape and T-cell receptor repertoire using single cell RNA-sequencing.

Research data use in a digital society: a deliberative public engagement.

Background: Sources of public and private data and ways to link them continue to evolve. This offers new opportunities for research, and new reasons for data-holding organisations to form partnerships. While research using these data can be beneficial, there is also a potential for negative consequences for some individuals or groups, including unintended or unanticipated effects.

The putative error prone polymerase mediates DNA damage and drug resistance in .

Antimicrobial-induced DNA damage, and subsequent repair via upregulation of DNA repair factors, including error-prone translesion polymerases, can lead to the increased accumulation of mutations in the microbial genome, and ultimately increased risk of acquired mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance. While this phenotype is well described in bacterial species, it is less thoroughly investigated amongst microbial fungi. Here, we monitor DNA damage induced by antifungal agents in the fungal pathogen , and find that commonly used antifungal drugs are able to induce DNA damage, leading to the upregulation of transcripts encoding predicted error-prone polymerases and related factors.

Effect of different milling methods on isolation of pinto bean starch, and the characteristics of the isolated starches.

This study investigated the effects of various dry milling methods (blade mill (BLM), stone mill (SM), hammer mill (HM), and burr mill (BM)) at different milling severities on pinto bean flour properties, influencing the starch isolation process and isolated starch characteristics. BLM and HM produced fine flours (<180 μm) with lower starch damage (<1 %) compared to SM and BM. The starch isolation yield and efficiency increased with a reduction in flour particle size.

Impact of pH-Shifting and Autoclaving on the Allergenic Potential of Red Kidney Bean ( L.) Lectins.

The ingestion of red kidney bean products is hindered by the persistent allergenicity of lectins, even after autoclaving. This study examined the modification of lectin allergenicity in red kidney beans by pH-shifting and autoclaving treatments, utilizing BALB/c mouse sensitization, recirculating perfusion, and a bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) model for allergenicity evaluation. Compared to autoclaving alone, combined pH-shifting and autoclaving reduced allergic symptoms in BALB/c mice, as evidenced by lower serum IgE, mMCPT-1, GM-CSF, HIS, IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-17 levels and higher IgG1, IgG2a, IL-10, IFN-γ, and IFN-α cytokine release.

Legacy Effects of Plant Community Structure Are Manifested in Microbial Biofilm Development With Consequences for Ecosystem CO Emissions.

To better understand linkages between hydrology and ecosystem carbon flux in northern aquatic ecosystems, we evaluated the relationship between plant communities, biofilm development, and carbon dioxide (CO) exchange following long-term changes in hydrology in an Alaskan fen. We quantified seasonal variation in biofilm composition and CO exchange in response to lowered and raised water table position (relative to a control) during years with varying levels of background dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We then used nutrient-diffusing substrates (NDS) to evaluate cause-effect relationships between changes in plant subsidies (i.

Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the gold standard for confirming epileptic seizures in both human and veterinary patients. Despite idiopathic epilepsy being one of the most common neurological conditions in dogs, our understanding of it in veterinary medicine lags that in human medicine. The relative underuse of EEG in dogs with seizures has potential causes including practical issues, financial concerns, lack of training/equipment, and questions of clinical value.

Postictal vertebral fractures: Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. A systematic review.

Introduction: Vertebral fractures in postictal patients with no prior acute or chronic trauma history are rare but can lead to severe neurological complications if missed during the initial evaluation.

Research Question: What are the prevalence and risk factors associated with vertebral fractures? What are the characteristics of these fractures in terms of their location, severity, and clinical outcome?

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search using MeSH terms was conducted. Data from previously published studies and three new cases from the authors' institution were collected.

Vitamin B12 concentrations vary greatly in milk donated to a large provincial milk bank, and are influenced by supplementation and parity.

Background & Aims: Feeding parent's milk with supplemental donor milk (DM) is the optimal way to feed very low birth weight (VLBW) infants instead of formula; however, suboptimal neurodevelopment persists. This is believed due, in part, to suboptimal nutrition. Given vitamin B12's role in neurodevelopment and increased adoption of plant-based diets among females of child-bearing age, we aimed to determine the adequacy of vitamin B12 in DM (n = 380 donors) and associated donor characteristics.

Early childhood body mass index growth and school readiness: A longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Child growth influences future health and learning. School readiness refers to a child's ability to meet developmental expectations at school entry. The association of early growth rate and patterns with school readiness remains unknown.

Pesticide presence in stream water, suspended sediment and biofilm is strongly linked to upstream catchment land use and crop type.

Pesticide pollution can present high ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems. Small streams are particularly susceptible. There is a need for reproducible and readily available methods to identify aquatic regions at risk of pesticide contamination.

Machine learning-enhanced multi-trait genomic prediction for optimizing cannabinoid profiles in cannabis.

Cannabis sativa L., known for its medicinal and psychoactive properties, has recently experienced rapid market expansion but remains understudied in terms of its fundamental biology due to historical prohibitions. This pioneering study implements GS and ML to optimize cannabinoid profiles in cannabis breeding.

Innervated Coculture Device to Model Peripheral Nerve-Mediated Fibroblast Activation.

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process involving various cellular and molecular interactions, resulting in the formation of a collagen-rich scar with imperfect function and morphology. Dermal fibroblasts are crucial to successful wound healing, migrating to the wound site where they are activated to provide extracellular matrix remodeling and wound closure. Peripheral nerves have been shown to play an important role in wound healing, with loss or damage to these nerves often leading to impaired healing and the formation of chronic nonhealing wounds.

How well can you tell? Success of human categorisation of horse behavioural responses depicted in media.

Horses employ a range of subtle to overt behaviours to communicate their current affective state. Humans who are more cognisant of their own bodily sensations may be more attuned to recognising affective states in horses () thereby promoting positive human-horse interactions. This study investigated human ability to categorise human-horse interactions depicted in media relative to equine behaviour experts and compared participant scores to their level of interoception.

Rapid Development of Small Rodent Animal Models for Infectious Disease Research Through Vectorized Receptor Molecule Expression.

The emergence and re-emergence of pathogens with pandemic potential has been a persistent issue throughout history. Recent decades have seen significant outbreaks of zoonotic viruses from members of the , , , , and families, resulting in widespread infections. The continual emergence of zoonotic viral pathogens and associated infections highlights the need for prevention strategies and effective treatments.

Effect of Comparable Carbon Chain Length Short- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids on Adipokine Secretion from Normoxic and Hypoxic Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Microbial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates and/or protein produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), whereas branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are produced from protein fermentation. The effects of individual SCFA and BCFA of comparable carbon chain length on adipocyte inflammation have not been investigated. : To compare the effects of SCFA and BCFA on inflammatory mediator secretion in an adipocyte cell culture model designed to recapitulate obesity-associated adipocyte inflammation under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Longitudinal Study of Transcriptomic Changes Occurring over Six Weeks of CHOP Treatment in Canine Lymphoma Identifies Prognostic Subtypes.

The majority of canine lymphoma patients treated with the standard of care, the CHOP chemotherapy protocol, initially achieve remission but eventually relapse with a multi-drug-resistant phenotype. This study assesses gene expression profiles of canine lymphoma tumor cell populations using RNA-Seq data from 15 matched patient samples taken prior to treatment and again six weeks into treatment with CHOP. Two distinct clusters were present in the t-SNE dimensionality reduction of the gene expression profiles.

Response of the Endophytic Microbiome in Roots to Verticillium Wilt Infection.

Verticillium wilt caused by Kleb. is a lethal soil-borne fungal disease of . The plant endophytic microbiome plays an important role in maintaining plant health and disease resistance, but it is unclear how the endophytic microbiome of roots varies in response to Verticillium wilt occurrence.