Patient-matched tumours, plasma, and cell lines reveal tumour microenvironment- and cell culture-specific microRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are present in all cell types and bodily fluids and are commonly dysregulated in cancer. miRNAs in cancer have been studied by measuring levels in cell lines, tumour tissues, and in circulation; however, no study has specifically investigated miRNA expression in patient-matched samples across all three sample types. Canine osteosarcoma is a well-established spontaneously occurring model of human osteosarcoma for which matched samples are available.

Effect of a dietary nutraceutical "STRUCTURE-Joint" on response of horses to intra-articular challenge with IL-1: implications for tissue adaptation to stress.

The purpose was to determine local (articular) and systemic effects of intra-articular interleukin-1 in horses supplemented with a dietary PUFA supplement [STRUCTURE-Joint ()]. Sixteen (16) healthy, mature, light breed horses were randomly assigned to diets containing 0 or 120 mL ( = 8 per group) of ST-J for 30 d. On days 0 (prior to beginning supplementation) and 27, recombinant equine interleukin-1β () (75 ng) was injected into the left or right intercarpal joint to induce mild, transient synovitis.

Exposing a Motherhood Penalty in Sport: A Feminist Narrative Inquiry of Media Stories of Canadian Athlete Mothers' Journeys to the 2020 Tokyo Games.

Coinciding with athlete mothers' stories gaining media visibility, sport media researchers are studying media discourses to learn more about socially constructed motherhood and sport. The present study extends media research on elite athlete mothers, by using feminist narrative inquiry to interrogate discrimination meanings in sport. North American sport media stories were collected on Canadian athletes' (i.

Accelerated ovarian failure results in brain alterations related to Alzheimer's disease that are not recovered by high-intensity interval training in mice.

Introduction: The menopausal decline in ovarian estrogen production is thought to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease; however, this link requires further investigation. The chronological development of this connection is not well defined because of the lack of animal models that recapitulate the time course of menopause. This study characterized the cognitive and neuronal effects of the 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) model of ovarian failure in female mice and assessed whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would attenuate impairments.

Effect of copper and nickel exposure on ribosomal DNA variation in Daphnia pulex mutation accumulation lines.

The release of heavy metals from industrial, agricultural, and mining activities poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems by degrading water quality and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage DNA in aquatic organisms. Daphnia is a widespread keystone species in freshwater ecosystems that is routinely exposed to a range of anthropogenic and natural stressors. With a fully sequenced genome, a well-understood life history and ecology, and an extensive library of responses to toxicity, Daphnia serves as an ideal model organism for studying the impact of environmental stressors on genomic stability.

EPA/DHA but Not ALA Reduces Visceral Adiposity and Adipocyte Size in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Delta-6 Desaturase Knockout Mice.

The objective of this omega-3 feeding study was to elucidate the independent effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) versus eicosapentaenoic (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on visceral adiposity and inflammatory signaling in diet-induced obese delta-6 desaturase (Fads2) knockout (KO) mice. Male wildtype (WT) and Fads2 KO mice were fed a high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) containing either lard (no omega-3s), flaxseed (ALA), or menhaden (EPA/DHA) for 21 weeks. Epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) was analyzed for changes in tissue weight, adipocyte size, triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid content, and inflammatory markers.

Comparative analyses of three grapevine Pinot gris virus cDNA clones reveal insights into the pathological properties of different phylogroups.

Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) is an emerging grapevine virus associated with grapevine leaf mottling and deformation (GLMD) disease. Being a recently identified virus, the molecular biology, pathological properties, and etiological complexity of GPGV remain poorly studied. Previous research revealed that GPGV comprises genetically different variants, some encoding a larger movement protein (MP) and others a shorter MP due to a C/T polymorphic site in ORF2 encoding MP.

Liquid-liquid phase separation in microorganisms: Insights into existence, functions, and applications.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a universal mechanism essential for maintaining cellular integrity and function in microorganisms, facilitating the organization of biomolecules into dynamic compartments. Although extensively studied in mammalian cells, research on LLPS formation and regulation in microorganisms remains limited. This review integrates insights from diverse studies exploring LLPS across microorganisms.

Effects of lysine and methionine on mRNA expression of candidate transcription factors by primary bovine mammary epithelial cells.

It has been established that essential amino acids (EAA) regulate protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells by rapidly altering the phosphorylation state of translation factors. However, the long-term transcriptional response to EAA supply has been investigated much less. Eight transcription factors were selected as candidate mediators of EAA effects on mammary cell function via the amino acid response (ATF4, ATF6), mitogen-activated protein kinase (JUN, FOS, EGR1), and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MYC, HIF1A, SREBF1).

Integrated, Scaffolded, and Mandatory Community and Shelter Medicine Curriculum: Best Practices for Transformational Learning on Access to Veterinary Care.

Within veterinary medical education, there is increasing focus on equity and cultural competency/humility, especially within service learning in community and shelter medicine. This article reviews the current literature and draws from the experience of the Ontario Veterinary College Community Healthcare Partnership Program's development of a community and shelter medicine curriculum. We propose that to graduate veterinarians with the knowledge and skills to address inequities in access to veterinary care, a best practice is to integrate mandatory in-class and experiential learning activities, scaffolded across the curriculum.

Geographic Transitions of Domestic Cats in Urban Areas through Animal Adoption Centers and the Implications for Population Dynamics.

Animal shelters address animal welfare in communities through the intake and outcome of companion animals, but these efforts affect population dynamics of companion animals based on the distance animals are moved and the factors that underlie intake and outcome. Using data from an animal shelter in Washington, DC we analyzed cat intakes and outcomes based on geographic and socioeconomic factors. Most intakes were stray cats (59%) and cats relinquished by owners (38%) and most outcomes were adoptions (84%).

Understanding kitten fostering and socialisation practices using mixed methods.

Many companion kittens entering shelters are fostered by volunteer community members during the sensitive period for socialisation (~2 to 9 weeks of age) when early experiences are critical to behavioural development. Using a mixed-method survey, we explored current fostering practices relevant to kitten behavioural development and welfare. Foster caretaker participants (n = 487) described their fostering practices and reported providing kittens with a majority of recommended socialisation experiences, such as handling and exposure to various toys and exploratory items.

Prenatal exposure to valproic acid induces sex-specific alterations in rat cortical and hippocampal neuronal structure and function in vitro.

There are substantial differences in the characteristics of males and females with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet there is little knowledge surrounding the mechanistic underpinnings of these differences. The valproic acid (VPA) rodent model is based upon the human fetal valproate spectrum disorder, which is associated with increased risk of developing ASD. This model, which displays significant social, learning, and memory alterations, has therefore been widely used to further our understanding of specific biological features of ASD.

Global Groundwater Carbon Mass Flux and the Myth of Atmospheric Weathering.

Our recent steady-state mass-balance modeling suggests that most global carbonic-acid weathering of silicate rocks occurs in the vadose zone of aquifer systems not on the surface by atmospheric CO. That is, the weathering solute flux is nearly equal to the total global continental riverine carbon flux, signifying little atmospheric weathering by carbonic acid. This finding challenges previous carbon models that utilize silicate weathering as a control of atmospheric CO levels.

Graying arts access: crafting creative online programming to promote older adults' artistic engagement in and beyond pandemic time.

Introduction: Declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, the COVID-19 virus and attendant patchwork of local, regional, and national government-initiated public health responses to it unexpectedly opened possibilities for greater access to culture for disabled and chronically ill people in ways that were unimagined in pre-pandemic times. During the "emergency" period of the pandemic, the fields of critical disability studies and aging studies independently demonstrated the importance and value of shifting to digital technologies for disabled people and older adults respectively; however, to date, little scholarship has considered the value of digital technologies for older adults aging with and into disabilities beyond pandemic time.

Methods: Informed by the theoretical insights of scholarship exploring critical access and the aging-disability nexus, this paper draws from empirical data collected during Phase 2 of Direct[Message]: Digital Access to Artistic Engagement, a collaborative, community-based, arts-informed research project based in Southwestern Ontario (Canada).

The role of olive oil and its constituents in mental health: a scoping review.

Mounting evidence suggests that the Mediterranean diet has a beneficial effect on mental health. It has been hypothesised that this effect is mediated by a variety of foods, nutrients and constituents; however, there is a need for research elucidating which of these components contribute to the therapeutic effect. This scoping review sought to systematically search for and synthesise the research on olive oil and its constituents and their impact on mental health, including the presence or absence of a mental illness or the severity or progression of symptoms.

Overcoming boundary conditions for object location memory destabilization in male rats involves dopamine D1 receptor activation.

Consolidated long-term memories can undergo strength or content modification via protein synthesis-dependent reconsolidation. This is the process by which a reminder cue initiates reactivation of the memory trace, triggering destabilization. Older and more strongly encoded spatial memories can resist destabilization due to biological boundary conditions.

Astrocyte neuronal metabolic coupling in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice with inflammatory pain.

Chronic pain is a major global concern, with at least 1 in 5 people suffering from chronic pain worldwide. Mounting evidence indicates that neuroplasticity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a critical step in the development of chronic pain. Previously, we found that chronic pain and fear learning are both associated with enhanced neuronal excitability and cause similar neuroplasticity-related gene expression changes in the ACC of male mice.

Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on neonatal calf diarrhea when administered at a disease alert generated by automated milk feeders.

The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to assess whether early intervention with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) following a disease alert generated by automated milk feeders could reduce diarrhea severity and improve performance in dairy calves. A total of 71 Holstein calves were enrolled on an automated milk feeder (recorded milk intake and drinking speed) at 3 d of age and received up to 15 L/d (150 g/L) of milk replacer until 35 d of age. An alert that was previously validated as diagnostically accurate to identify calves at risk for diarrhea was used using automated milk feeder data (≤60% rolling dividends in milk intake or drinking speed over 2 d).

Response to environmental enrichment of weanling pigs on growth, behaviour and welfare after weaning.

The experiment was carried out to examine the growth, behaviour, and welfare response of weaning pigs to environmental enrichment from d 1 to d 28 after weaning. A total of 240 weaning pigs with average initial body weight (BW) 6.56 ± 0.