Cardiovascular, kidney and safety outcomes with canagliflozin in older adults: A combined analysis from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial.

Aim: SGLT2 inhibitors may be underused in older adults with type 2 diabetes due to concerns about safety and tolerability. This pooled analysis of the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trial examined the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin according to age.

Methods: Pooled individual participant data from the CANVAS Program (n = 10 142) and CREDENCE trial (n = 4401) were analysed by baseline age (<65 years, 65 to <75 years, and ≥75 years).

A Contingency Framework for the Performance Consequences of Team Boundary Management: A Meta-Analysis of 30 Years of Research.

Research suggests that teams can greatly enhance their performance through boundary management, which comprises activities that establish, maintain, and regulate linkages with the surrounding environment. However, such performance gains do not materialize equally in all instances, and some teams struggle to benefit from boundary management. Integrating insights from social network and team-level resource allocation theories, we develop a contingency framework that considers the internal organization of a team's boundary management (i.

ProPr54 web server: predicting σ promoters and regulon with a hybrid convolutional and recurrent deep neural network.

σ serves as an unconventional sigma factor with a distinct mechanism of transcription initiation, which depends on the involvement of a transcription activator. This unique sigma factor σ is indispensable for orchestrating the transcription of genes crucial to nitrogen regulation, flagella biosynthesis, motility, chemotaxis and various other essential cellular processes. Currently, no comprehensive tools are available to determine σ promoters and regulon in bacterial genomes.

Recent Developments and Challenges in the Enzymatic Formation of Nitrogen-Nitrogen Bonds.

The biological formation of nitrogen-nitrogen (N-N) bonds represents intriguing reactions that have attracted much attention in the past decade. This interest has led to an increasing number of N-N bond-containing natural products (NPs) and related enzymes that catalyze their formation (referred to in this review as NNzymes) being elucidated and studied in greater detail. While more detailed information on the biosynthesis of N-N bond-containing NPs, which has only become available in recent years, provides an unprecedented source of biosynthetic enzymes, their potential for biocatalytic applications has been minimally explored.

Dehydrogenase oxidase function: the interplay between substrate binding and flavin microenvironment.

Redox enzymes, mostly equipped with metal or organic cofactors, can vary their reactivity with oxygen by orders of magnitudes. Understanding how oxygen reactivity is controlled by the protein milieu remains an open issue with broad implications for mechanistic enzymology and enzyme design. Here, we address this problem by focusing on a widespread group of flavoenzymes that oxidize phenolic compounds derived from microbial lignin degradation, using either oxygen or a cytochrome c as electron acceptors.

The impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on anterior cingulate cortex activity in a cognitive control task.

Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) offers a non-invasive method to enhance noradrenergic neurotransmission in the human brain, thereby increasing cognitive control. Here, we investigate if changes in cognitive control induced by tVNS are mediated through locus coeruleus-induced modifications of neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Young healthy participants engaged in a simple cognitive control task focusing on response inhibition and a more complex task that involved both response inhibition and working memory, inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.

Psychometric analysis of the three item loneliness scale in the Czech Republic.

Background: There is a growing importance of loneliness measurement through valid and reliable instruments. However, to establish valid and reliable measures, there is a need to explore their psychometric properties in different research settings and language environments. For this reason, this study aimed to validate the Three Item Loneliness Scale (TILS) in the Czech Republic within a Slavonic language environment.

Families' opinions about their involvement in care during hospitalization: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Healthcare professionals in the hospital setting frequently assume primary caregiving responsibilities, which often leads family members to perceive this as standard practice during hospitalization. This dynamic may create a gap between actual and desired levels of family involvement. The aim of this study is to explore the opinions of families about their involvement in care during the hospitalization of a relative.

Hospital to home transition of children with medical complexities in the Netherlands: current practice.

Children with Medical Complexity (CMC) often require 24/7 expert care, which may impede discharge from hospital to home (H2H) resulting in prolonged admission. Limited research exists on pediatric patients with delayed discharges and the underlying reasons for such extended admissions. Therefore, our objectives were to (1) describe the demographics, clinical characteristics, and course of CMC who are in their H2H transition and (2) identify the reasons for postponement of H2H discharge.

Repeatability of AI-based, automatic measurement of vertebral and cardiovascular imaging biomarkers in low-dose chest CT: the ImaLife cohort.

Objective: To evaluate the repeatability of AI-based automatic measurement of vertebral and cardiovascular markers on low-dose chest CT.

Methods: We included participants of the population-based Imaging in Lifelines (ImaLife) study with low-dose chest CT at baseline and 3-4 month follow-up. An AI system (AI-Rad Companion chest CT prototype) performed automatic segmentation and quantification of vertebral height and density, aortic diameters, heart volume (cardiac chambers plus pericardial fat), and coronary artery calcium volume (CACV).

Mapping simulated visual field defects with movie-viewing pupil perimetry.

Purpose: Assessing the quality of the visual field is important for the diagnosis of ophthalmic and neurological diseases and, consequently, for rehabilitation. Visual field defects (VFDs) are typically assessed using standard automated perimetry (SAP). However, SAP requires participants to understand instructions, maintain fixation and sustained attention, and provide overt responses.

Diuretic Potentiation Strategies in Acute Heart Failure.

Several trials have evaluated diuretic-based strategies to improve symptoms and outcomes in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). The authors sought to summarize the effect of different combination strategies on symptoms, physical signs, physiological variables, and outcomes in patients with AHF. Twelve trials were identified that assessed the addition of thiazide diuretics, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, vasopressin receptor antagonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or loop diuretic intensification to conventional therapy for AHF.

Insight into distribution and composition of nonhuman N-Glycans in mammalian organs via MALDI-TOF and MALDI-MSI.

The major hurdle of xenotransplantation is the immune response triggered by human natural antibodies interacting with carbohydrate antigens on the transplanted animal organ. Specifically, terminal glycoprotein motifs such as galactose-α1,3-galactose (α-Gal) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are significant obstacles. Little is known about the abundance and compositions of asparagine-linked complex carbohydrates (N-glycans) carrying these motifs in mammalian organs.

Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with depression: An electric field modeling meta-analysis.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has shown potential in modulating cortical activity and treating depression. Despite its promise, variability in electrode montage configurations and electric field strength across studies has resulted in inconsistent outcomes. Traditional meta-analytic methods assessing the effect of tDCS in depression typically do not compare tDCS montage and the anatomical distribution of electric field, which is a major source of inter-experimental variability.

Priority Setting Partnership on Placental Pathology: Consensus recommendations for placental research.

Introduction: The placenta supports the metabolic and respiratory requirements of the fetus. Placental disorders, caused by various pathophysiological mechanisms, may result in adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Knowledge gaps remain in the understanding, reporting and interpretation of placental pathology relating to clinical conditions.

Deintensification of Radiotherapy Use in Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in the Netherlands-A Nationwide Overview From 2008 Until 2022.

Aims: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) treated by breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy aims to decrease the probability of locally recurrent disease. The role of whole breast irradiation, specifically in DCIS having low recurrence risk and low risk of becoming invasive, is increasingly debated. Also, the added value of applying boost irradiation in DCIS has been questioned.

Contemporary Use of Post-Dilatation for Stent Optimization During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Results From the Netherlands Heart Registration.

Backgrounds: Post-dilatation after stenting with a non-compliant (NC) balloon can be used to improve overall percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) result. Due to lack of evidence on the effect of post-dilatation on adverse clinical endpoints there is no consensus whether post-dilatation should be used routinely. The aim of the current study was to determine the contemporary practice of post-dilatation.

Have People Treated With Antihypertensives Been Diagnosed With Hypertension? A Cross-Sectional Study in Stockholm, Sweden.

Purpose: Studies on antihypertensive treatment are important, as hypertension remains the major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and premature death. However, antihypertensive medicines are also used for other conditions, and the use of these medicines as a proxy for a diagnosis of hypertension might lead to misclassification in pharmacoepidemiological studies. This study aimed to investigate to what extent people dispensed antihypertensive medicines have been diagnosed with hypertension.

Promoting Positive Leadership: Examining the Long-Term Dynamics of Anti-Bullying Programs.

Anti-bullying programs can create more positive classroom environments by fostering the development of positive leaders who establish constructive norms. The social identity theory of leadership addresses stability and change within different leader profiles and identifies leader group prototypicality: the extent to which leaders are perceived to embody the group identity, including standards, values, and norms. This study focuses on two key areas: (1) examining stability and change within positive and negative leader profiles, and (2) comparing transition probabilities between the KiVa anti-bullying intervention condition and a control condition.

Establishing reference curves for vital tissue perfusion using quantitative near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green.

Purpose: Assessment of tissue perfusion using near-infrared fluorescence (NIR) with indocyanine green (ICG) is gaining popularity, however reliable and objective interpretation remains a challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to establish reference curves for vital tissue perfusion across target tissues using this imaging modality.

Methods: Data from five prospective study cohorts conducted in three Dutch academic medical centres between December 2018 and June 2023 was included.

Developing and applying a training needs analysis tool for healthcare workers managing snakebite envenoming: A cross-sectional study in Eswatini.

A considerable number of patients present to hospitals in Eswatini each year following bites by venomous snakes. Effectively diagnosing and treating patients with snakebite envenoming requires healthcare workers to have a variety of generic and snakebite-specific medical skills. In several countries, however, healthcare workers have been found to have limited skills in managing snakebite patients.

Co-occurrence of bronchiectasis, airway wall thickening, and emphysema in Chinese low-dose CT screening.

Objective: To assess the co-occurrence of incidental CT lung findings (emphysema, bronchiectasis, and airway wall thickening) as well as associated risk factors in low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening in a Chinese urban population.

Methods: Data from 978 participants aged 40-74 years from the Chinese NELCIN-B3 urban population study who underwent LDCT screening were selected. CT scans were reviewed for incidental lung findings: emphysema, bronchiectasis and airway wall thickness.