Acute effects of psilocybin on attention and executive functioning in healthy volunteers: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.

Rationale: Psilocybin shows promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, insight into its acute effects on cognition is lacking. Given the significant role of executive functions in daily life and treatment efficacy, it is crucial to evaluate how psilocybin influences these cognitive domains.

Identification of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for the Production of the Blue-Green Pigment Xylindein by the Fungus .

Xylindein is a blue-green pigment produced by the fungi and Its stunning color and optoelectronic properties make xylindein valuable for textiles and as a natural semiconductor material. However, producing xylindein from culture broths remains challenging because of the slow growth of the species and the poor solubility of xylindein in organic solvents. An alternative production route for obtaining pure xylindein is heterologous expression of the xylindein biosynthetic genes.

Pooled safety analysis and management of sotorasib-related adverse events in KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: We describe the safety of sotorasib monotherapy in patients with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss practical recommendations for managing key risks.

Methods: Incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were pooled from 4 clinical trials: CodeBreaK 100 (NCT03600883), CodeBreaK 101 (NCT04185883), CodeBreaK 105 (NCT04380753), and CodeBreaK 200 (NCT04303780) and graded according to CTCAE v5.0.

Newborn Screening by DNA-First: Systematic Evaluation of the Eligibility of Inherited Metabolic Disorders Based on Treatability.

The biomarker-based Dutch Newborn Screening (NBS) panel (as of 2024) comprises 19 inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). With the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a first-tier screen, NBS could expand to include IMDs that lack a reliable biochemical footprint in dried blood spots, while also reducing secondary findings. To be eligible for inclusion in NBS, an IMD needs to fulfill the Wilson and Jungner criteria, with treatability being one of the most important criteria.

Investigating the Relationship Between Midazolam Serum Concentrations and Paediatric Delirium in Critically Ill Children.

Objectives: Intravenous midazolam is widely used for sedation in critically ill children. Sometimes, these children develop a paediatric delirium (PD). Our aim was to determine the relationship between midazolam serum concentration and the development of new PD in critically ill children.

Cholinergic Denervation Patterns in Parkinson's Disease Associated With Cognitive Impairment Across Domains.

Cognitive impairment is considered to be one of the key features of Parkinson's disease (PD), ultimately resulting in PD-related dementia in approximately 80% of patients over the course of the disease. Several distinct cognitive syndromes of PD have been suggested, driven by different neurotransmitter deficiencies and thus requiring different treatment regimes. In this study, we aimed to identify characteristic brain covariance patterns that reveal how cholinergic denervation is related to PD and to cognitive impairment, focusing on four domains, including attention, executive functioning, memory, and visuospatial cognition.

Understanding identity development in context: comparing reflective and situated approaches to identity.

Many recent approaches to identity share a foundational similarity with ecological psychology, namely, to place identity in its context. That is, they explicitly place identity in its physical and social environments. Yet, we can distinguish at least two different approaches that diverge fundamentally with regards to the role that this "context" has in identity.

Exploring Untested Feasibilities: Critical Pedagogy's Approach to Addressing Abuse and Oppression in Medical Education.

Abuse and oppression in medical education persists. Particularly when transitioning to practice, students and residents face dissonance between what they perceive as the ideals of patient care and reality. They witness, and eventually take part in, joking about fellow students and patients, discriminating against minorities, and imposing unbearable workload to subordinates, to mention some practices that have been normalized as the reality of medical training, beyond any possibility of change.

Canagliflozin reduces oral loop diuretic intensification in patients with type 2 diabetes: A participant-level pooled analysis of the CANVAS and CREDENCE trials.

Aims: The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin reduces the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalization or cardiovascular death and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression among patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk or with CKD. Patients with type 2 diabetes commonly have coexisting HF or CKD that require treatment with loop diuretics; however, the prognostic implications of oral loop diuretic intensification are not well characterized.

Methods And Results: In this participant-level pooled analysis of the CREDENCE and CANVAS trials (not including CANVAS-R), 1454/8731 (16.

A review on the role of extrapolation as basis for paediatric marketing authorization applications of medicines in the EU.

Aims: For new medicines, drug companies obtain regulatory approval on the strategy to generate evidence in the paediatric population, which can be supported by extrapolation of evidence obtained in a reference population. This study investigated whether paediatric marketing authorization applications (PMAAs) supported by extrapolation based on exposure-matching were more successful-i.e.

Extracellular matrix turnover in severe COVID-19 is reduced by corticosteroids.

Background: Severe and critical COVID-19 is characterized by pulmonary viral infection with SARS-CoV-2 resulting in local and systemic inflammation. Dexamethasone (DEX) has been shown to improve outcomes in critically ill patients; however, its effect on tissue remodeling, particularly collagen turnover, remains unclear. This study investigated the association between circulating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling neo-epitopes and COVID-19 severity, their relationship with mortality, and the effect of DEX on these markers.

Systemic disease activity measured with ESSDAI varies largely over 5 years in a prospective, longitudinal cohort of patients with Sjögren's disease.

Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate variation in systemic disease activity (European Alliance of Associations For Rheumatology (EULAR) Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI)) over time at group and individual patient level and to assess associations of ESSDAI low disease activity (LDA) with other outcome measures in a standard-of-care cohort of patients with Sjögren's disease (SjD).

Methods: Patients with SjD participating in a prospective longitudinal study (REgistry of Sjögren Syndrome LongiTudinal cohort) fulfilling the 2016 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria with ≥2 years of follow-up were included. ESSDAI was assessed at least yearly, up to 5 years.

Intravesical Instillation of Chemotherapy Before Radical Surgery for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: The REBACARE Trial.

Background And Objective: Intravesical instillation of chemotherapy (IIC) after radical surgery for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) reduces the risk of intravesical recurrence (IVR). However, compliance is low because of possible extravesical leakage after bladder cuff excision. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative IIC in reducing the risk of IVR.

Ultrasmooth Micromilling of Stainless Steel by Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Ablation Using MHz Bursts.

Ultrashort pulsed (USP) laser burst ablation has attracted numerous interests for its great potential in enhancing ablation efficiency and reducing the heat-affected zone. However, little attention has been paid to the influence of burst ablation on the processed surface quality. To fill this research gap, the present study conducts a comprehensive investigation on the surface processing of stainless steel using ultrashort pulsed laser burst ablation.

Follow-up after first-Line nivOlumab plus ipilimumab in patients with diffuse pleuRal mesotheliomA: a real-world Dutch cohort study-FLORA.

Background: Diffuse pleural mesothelioma (dPM) is an aggressive malignancy, primarily treated with palliative systemic therapy. Since 2022, nivolumab-ipilimumab (nivo/ipi) has replaced chemotherapy as the standard first-line treatment for dPM in the Netherlands. Chemotherapy remains a rational second-line treatment.

Life satisfaction around the world: Measurement invariance of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups.

The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) is a widely used self-report measure of subjective well-being, but studies of its measurement invariance across a large number of nations remain limited. Here, we utilised the Body Image in Nature (BINS) dataset-with data collected between 2020 and 2022 -to assess measurement invariance of the SWLS across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). All participants completed the SWLS under largely uniform conditions.

Transoral Robotic Surgery in Chronic Lingual Tonsillitis: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Chronic lingual tonsillitis (CLT) entails persistent inflammation of the lingual tonsils (LT), presenting in recurrent infections, throat discomfort, dyspnea, dysphagia, and LT hypertrophy.

Methods: A retrospective observational study at a nonacademic general hospital described outcomes of CLT patients undergoing base of tongue (BOT) reduction via transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Primary outcomes were changes in patient-reported quality of swallowing and life and were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months post-TORS.

Toxicity and Quality of Life After Locoregional Radiotherapy in Patients With Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Locoregional external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is selectively used in thyroid cancer patients to induce locoregional control. However, despite technological advances, EBRT remains associated with toxicities. We evaluated thyroid-cancer specific toxicities and long-term Quality of Life (QoL) post-EBRT.

Bioinformatics and Computationally Supported Redesign of Aspartase for β-Alanine Synthesis by Acrylic Acid Hydroamination.

Aspartate ammonia lyases catalyze the reversible amination of fumarate to l-aspartate. Recent studies demonstrate that the thermostable enzyme from sp. YM55-1 (AspB) can be engineered for the enantioselective production of substituted β-amino acids.

Recommendations for reporting and evaluating proton therapy beyond dose and constant relative biological effectiveness.

Background And Purpose: In proton therapy, a relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1 is used to convert proton dose into an equivalent photon dose. However, RBE varies with tissue type, fraction dose, and beam quality parameters beyond dose such as linear energy transfer (LET) raising concerns about increased local effectiveness and potential toxicity.

Confinement Induces Morphological and Topological Transitions in Multivesicles.

The study of self-assembly in confined spaces has gained significant attention among amphiphilic superstructures and colloidal design. The additional complexity introduced by interactions between contents and their containers, along with the effects of shape and lipid mixing, makes multivesicular bodies an interesting subject of study. Despite its promising applications in biomedicine, such as drug delivery and biomimetic materials, much remains unexplored.

Vitronectin regulates lung tissue remodeling and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Vitronectin (VTN) is an important extracellular matrix protein in tissue remodeling, but its role in COPD is unknown. We show that VTN regulates tissue remodeling through urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) signaling pathway in COPD. In human COPD airways and bronchoepithelial cells and the airways of mice with cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD, VTN protein was not changed, but downstream uPA signaling was altered (increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, uPAR) that induced collagen and airway remodeling.

High CDC20 levels increase sensitivity of cancer cells to MPS1 inhibitors.

Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) inhibitors are a recently developed class of drugs, which perturb chromosome segregation during cell division, induce chromosomal instability (CIN), and eventually lead to cell death. The molecular features that determine cellular sensitivity to these drugs are not fully understood. We recently reported that aneuploid cancer cells are preferentially sensitive to SAC inhibition.