Non-pharmacological treatment strategies for anthropometric, physical capacity and physiological indicators among sarcopenic obesity patients: a systematic review of rigorous randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of non-pharmacological treatments on sarcopenic obesity (SO).

Methods: A search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on SO was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models for MDs.

Reallocating Time Between 24-h Movement Behaviors for Obesity Management Across the Lifespan: A Pooled Data Meta-Analysis of More Than 9800 Participants from Seven Countries.

Background: The distribution of time across physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep appears to be essential for the management of obesity. However, the impact of reallocating time among these behaviors, collectively known as 24-h movement behaviors, remains underexplored.

Objective: This study examines the theoretical effects of reallocating time between 24-h movement behaviors on obesity indicators across different age groups.

An Efficient and Accurate Approach for Estimating the Free-Weight Back Squat 1-Repetition Maximum Based on the 2-Point Method and Optimal Minimal Velocity Threshold.

Chen, Z, Xiao, F, Mao, Y, Zhang, X, and García-Ramos, A. An efficient and accurate approach for estimating the free-weight back squat 1-repetition maximum based on the 2-point method and optimal minimal velocity threshold. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This study aimed to compare the accuracy of nine 1-repetition maximum (1RM) estimation methods based on velocity recordings during the free-weight back squat.

Sensitivity of the Load-Velocity Relationship Variables to Discriminate the Level of Fatigue Induced by Multiple Sets of the Hexagonal Barbell Deadlift Exercise.

Şentürk, D, Akyildiz, Z, Janicijevic, D, and García-Ramos, A. Sensitivity of the load-velocity relationship variables to discriminate the level of fatigue induced by multiple sets of the hexagonal barbell deadlift exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This study aimed to evaluate changes in load-velocity (L-V) relationship variables (L0, v0, and Aline) after different fatigue protocols and to determine their correlation with changes in 1 repetition maximum (1RM).

Individual Acceleration-Speed Profile Variables: Comparison and Reliability Between Linear and Curvilinear Sprints.

Miras-Moreno, S, García-Ramos, A, Sašek, M, Cvjetičanin, O, Šarabon, N, Kavčič, I, and Smajla, D. Individual acceleration-speed profile variables: comparison and reliability between linear and curvilinear sprints. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The aim of this study was to compare linear sprint (LS) and curvilinear sprint (CS) to provide (a) the goodness-of-fit of individual acceleration-speed profile (ASP) and (b) the magnitude and within- and between-session reliability of the ASP variables (A0 [theoretical maximal acceleration], S0 [theoretical maximal velocity], and ASslope [slope of the linear ASP]).

Reliability and Optimal Cut-Off Points of the Test for Upper Limb Apraxia (TULIA) for Spanish-Speaking Post-Stroke Patients.

Objective: To evaluate the reliability, identify the optimal cut-off points, and determine the diagnostic accuracy of the TULIA Apraxia test in a sample of Spanish-speaking post-stroke patients.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Public primary care.

Potential clinical applications of extracellular vesicles in pancreatic cancer: exploring untapped opportunities from biomarkers to novel therapeutic approaches.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal and metastatic malignancy, mainly because it often remains undetected until advanced stages due to the limitations of current diagnostic methods, rendering currently available therapies ineffective. Therefore, it is imperative to identify useful biomarkers for early diagnosis and new therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Recently, extracellular vesicles have emerged as promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Quantity of within-sport distance variety - what can pool swimmers and track runners learn from each other?

Objective: To determine the relationship between success at peak performance age and and compare the between swimming and track running by determining probability of becoming an international-class female athlete based on the number of different race distances the athletes compete in each year throughout their development process.

Methods: Race times of female Tier 2 to Tier 5 freestyle pool swimmers ( = 2,778) and track runners ( = 9,945) were included in the present study. All athletes were ranked according to their personal best at peak performance age.

Evolution of the risk of death and hospitalisation in drivers involved in road crashes in spain, 1993-2020: an age-period-cohort analysis.

Background: A prerequisite for understanding temporal changes in road crash severity is an unbiased description of this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to estimate the independent association trends of age, period and cohort with severity, encompassing the risk of death (RD) and the risk of death or hospitalisation (RDH) within 24 h, for drivers of passenger cars involved in road crashes with casualties in Spain from 1993 to 2020.

Methods: The study population comprised 2,453,911 drivers of passenger cars aged 18 to 98 years involved in road crashes included in the registers of the General Directorate of Traffic.

Plant nutrition challenges for a sustainable agriculture of the future.

This article offers a comprehensive review of sustainable plant nutrition concepts, examining a multitude of cutting-edge techniques that are revolutionizing the modern area. The review copes with the crucial role of biostimulants as products that stimulate plant nutrition processes, including their potential for biofertilization, followed by an exploration of the significance of micronutrients in plant health and growth. We then delve into strategies for enhancing plants' tolerance to mineral nutrient contaminants and the promising realm of biofortification to increase the essential nutrients necessary for human health.

Autonomic contributions to attentional modulation of the cardiac defense response.

The cardiac defense response to aversive auditory stimulation is characterized by two acceleration/deceleration heart rate components. The first component is ascribed to attentional processes that facilitate detection and processing of potential threat, and the second one to protective actions. This study investigated attentional modulation of the cardiac defense response and the role of autonomic cardiac control therein.

Nature or nurture: genetic and environmental predictors of adiposity gain in adults.

Background: Previous prediction models for adiposity gain have not yet achieved sufficient predictive ability for clinical relevance. We investigated whether traditional and genetic factors accurately predict adiposity gain.

Methods: A 5-year gain of ≥5% in body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) from baseline were predicted in mid-late adulthood individuals (median of 55 years old at baseline).

Short- and Mid-Term Results Using a 448 Kilohertz Radiofrequency Stimulation on the Elasticity Plantar Fascia Measured by Quantitative Ultrasound Elastography on Active Healthy Subjects: An Open Controlled Clinical Trial with Three Months of Follow-Up.

: This study is an open clinical trial that included 3 months of follow-up. : This study aimed to show the changes that occur in the viscoelastic properties of the PF measured by SEL after the six applications of a 448 kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMR) in active, healthy subjects, immediately before the CRMR intervention (T0), during the two-week CRMR intervention program (T1), after the CRMR intervention program (T2), two weeks after the CRMR intervention program (T3), one month after the CRMR intervention program (T4), and three months after the CRMR intervention program (T5). : Our results showed that the effects of CRMR on the plantar fascia elasticity may last up to one month in a healthy population after a 3-week treatment program when compared to controls, specifically following the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity (points 1 and 2).

The Role of the MeToo Route in Improving the Health of Gender-Based Violence and Isolating Gender Violence Survivors.

: The scientific literature has provided evidence on the negative health effects experienced by those who suffer gender-based violence (GBV) and isolating gender violence (IGV), the latter being a form of retaliation against those who support GBV victims. However, less attention has been paid to the potential health improvements following the initial support received by victims. : This study examines the positive health outcomes among survivors of GBV and IGV after they engaged with the "MeToo route," an initiative of the MeToo movement aimed at raising awareness about gender violence and fostering solidarity through support networks that traveled through 13 Spanish universities through more than 20 events in September 2022.

Relationship Between Metabolic Profile, Pain, and Functionality in Patients with Frozen Shoulder: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Frozen shoulder (FS), or adhesive capsulitis, is a disabling condition characterized by pain and restricted shoulder mobility.

Aims: This study investigates the relationship between metabolic biomarkers-liver enzymes and thyroid function-and pain and shoulder functionality in patients with FS.

Methods: A total of 32 patients (22 women and 10 men) were included in this cross-sectional study.

Semisynthesis and Antitumour Evaluation of Natural Derivatives from -Kaurene -15α-Angeloyloxykaur-l6-en-3β-ol Isolated from .

Two natural -kaurene diterpenoids, -15α-angeloyloxykaur-16-en-3β-ol () and -15α-angeloyloxykaur-16-en-3β,9-diol (), were extracted from the aerial parts of , and six new derivatives were synthesised from compound (). The antitumour properties of these natural and derivative -kaurenes (, -) were evaluated in three cancer cell lines: HT29 (colon cancer), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), and B16-F10 (murine melanoma). Among them, the synthesised -kaurene () containing an exomethylene-cyclopentanone moiety showed the strongest antiproliferative effects in all cell lines tested, with significantly lower IC values around 2.

Magnetic Isolation of the Linear Trinuclear Anion in [Cu(Him)] {Cu(Him)[Cu(μ-EDTA)(Him)]}·6HO (1) as the Novel Imidazolium(+) Salt (Him)[Cu(Him){(µ-EDTA)Cu(Him)}]·2HO (2)-A Comparative Look to Their Crystal Structures, Thermal, Spectral and Magnetic Properties and DFT Calculations.

Inspired by the reported crystal structure of compound , we aimed to synthesize and determine the structure of compound , where two imidazolium (Him) ions serve as diamagnetic countercations. Here, we report the thermal stabilities, FT-IR, visible, and RSE spectra, as well as the magnetic properties of both compounds. In these structures, µ-EDTA acts as a pentadentate chelator for both terminal Cu centers within the centrosymmetric linear trinuclear anion.

The Synergic Immunomodulatory Effect of Vitamin D and Chickpea Protein Hydrolysate in THP-1 Cells: An In Vitro Approach.

Vitamin D (VD), a crucial micronutrient, regulates bone health and immune responses. Recent studies suggest that VD may confer protective effects against chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, plant-based peptides can show biological activities.

Magnesium (Mg) and Neurodegeneration: A Comprehensive Overview of Studies on Mg Levels in Biological Specimens in Humans Affected Some Neurodegenerative Disorders with an Update on Therapy and Clinical Trials Supplemented with Selected Animal Studies.

Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by neuron loss, are a group of neurological disorders that adversely affect the lives of millions of people worldwide. Although several medicines have been approved for managing neurodegenerative diseases, new therapies allowing for a significant slowdown in the progression of neurodegenerative syndromes are constantly being sought. Magnesium (Mg), a crucial mineral necessary for the functioning of organisms, is important to normal central nervous system (CNS) activity.

Evaluation of the Leaves and Seeds of Cucurbitaceae Plants as a New Source of Bioactive Compounds for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment.

Background/objectives: The Cucurbitaceae family represents an important source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. This study aims to investigate the potential application of Cucurbitaceae leaves and seed extracts to prevent and treat colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Four extracts (ethanol extracts and protein extracts and hydrolysates) from the leaves and seeds of cucurbits were tested in T-84, HCT-15 and HT-29 CRC cells.

Development and Validation of a Self-Administered Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire Focused on Gut Microbiota: The Stance4Health-FFQ.

: Diet significantly influences gut microbiota (GM), with variations in GM responses linked to the type and quantity of food consumed. These variations underscore the need for personalized nutrition. The Stance4Health (S4H) project developed the S4H Food Frequency Questionnaire (S4H-FFQ) and the i-Diet S4H app to assess dietary intake of foods affecting GM.

Circadian Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Humans: Is There Evidence of an Optimal Time Window for Maximizing Fat Oxidation During Exercise?

Exercise training performed at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation improves cardiovascular function and metabolic health while simultaneously reducing visceral adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, it is currently considered an efficient non-pharmacological approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders. Over the last 5 years, several studies have reported a diurnal variation in both resting fat oxidation as well as maximal fat oxidation recorded during submaximal intensity exercise.

Associations between dietary mycotoxins exposures and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European cohort.

Mycotoxins have been hypothesized to contribute to a diversity of adverse health effects in humans, even at low concentrations. Certain mycotoxins are established human carcinogens, whereas for others research suggests potential carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary exposure to mycotoxins and hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.