promotes synchronous multiple primary lung cancer progression through apoptosis regulation.

Background: Dysbiosis of the lung microbiome can contribute to the initiation and progression of lung cancer. Synchronous multiple primary lung cancer (sMPLC) is an increasingly recognized subtype of lung cancer characterized by high morbidity, difficulties in early detection, poor prognosis, and substantial clinical challenges. However, the relationship between sMPLC pathogenesis and changes in the lung microbiome remains unclear.

Muscle activity mapping by single peak localization from HDsEMG.

Human-machine interfaces using electromyography (EMG) offer promising applications in control of prosthetic limbs, rehabilitation assessment, and assistive technologies. These applications rely on advanced algorithms that decode the activation patterns of muscles contractions. This paper presents a new approach to assess and decode muscle activity by localizing the origin of individual temporal peaks in high-density surface EMG recordings from the dorsal forearm during low force finger extensions.

Exploring the Relationships between Sex Hormones and Abdominal Muscle Area and Radiodensity in Postmenopausal Women: Insights from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

The relationships between sex hormone levels and muscle composition in postmenopausal women remain underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional observational study utilizing data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Our analysis included 682 postmenopausal women aged 45-84 years with complete data, with a mean age of 63.

Multi-omics characterization of improved cognitive functions in Parkinson's disease patients after the combined metabolic activator treatment: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II trial.

Parkinson's disease is primarily marked by mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. We recently reported that the combined metabolic activators improved the immunohistochemical parameters and behavioural functions in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease animal models and the cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients. These metabolic activators serve as the precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione, and they can be used to activate mitochondrial metabolism and eventually treat mitochondrial dysfunction.

Outdoor mobility and driving among persons living with spinal cord injury in Sweden: a cross-sectional study.

Persons living with spinal cord injury (SCI) often lacks access to outdoor mobility, which can significantly impact their ability to participate in activities outside the home, to take part in their community, and to have meaningful occupations and relationships with loved ones. To better understand the importance of outdoor mobility for persons with SCI, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore transport modes, car adaptations, and their perceived function and safety. A web-survey, addressing outdoor mobility and driving, was distributed among people with different physical impairments.

Adjunct mucin biomarkers MUC2+MUC5AC and MUC5AC+PSCA in a clinical setting identify and may improve correct selection of high-risk pancreatic lesions for surgery.

Background: Pancreatic cancer has dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival of 12 %. Cystic lesions have been identified as premalignant lesions. The challenge is to identify lesions with high risk of malignant progression, to offer patients prophylactic curative pancreatic surgery.

Circulating Adipokines and Response to Treatment in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if baseline adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels are associated with response to antirheumatic treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: This study included 341 participants of the Nordic Rheumatic Diseases Strategy Trials and Registries trial with untreated early RA, randomized at baseline into four treatment arms: methotrexate combined with (1) prednisolone, (2) certolizumab, (3) abatacept, or (4) tocilizumab. Follow-up was up to 48 weeks.

Self-confidence as a mediator in the relationship between executive functioning and depression among ICU survivors: a latent variable analysis.

Background: Executive dysfunction and depression are common among ICU survivors, yet the mechanisms linking these two factors remain poorly understood. Self-confidence has been implicated as a key mediator in the relationship between cognitive impairments and mental health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of self-confidence in the association between executive functioning and depression in ICU survivors.

Circulating Baseline CXCR3Th2 and Th17 Cell Proportions Correlate With Trabecular Bone Loss After 48 Weeks of Biological Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: The high prevalence of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is due to inflammation that stimulates differentiation of osteoclasts, a process involving circulating monocytes and T cell-derived factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate relations between circulating monocytes, T cell subsets, and changes in bone characteristics before and after treatment with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in RA.

Methods: Thirty patients with untreated early RA who met the American College of Rheumatology/EULAR 2010 criteria were included.

GCKIII kinases control hepatocellular lipid homeostasis via shared mode of action.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease has emerged as a leading global cause of chronic liver disease. Our recent translational investigations have shown that the STE20-type kinases comprising the GCKIII subfamily-MST3, STK25, and MST4-associate with hepatic lipid droplets and regulate ectopic fat storage in the liver; however, the mode of action of these proteins remains to be resolved. By comparing different combinations of the silencing of MST3, STK25, and/or MST4 in immortalized human hepatocytes, we found that their single knockdown results in a similar reduction in hepatocellular lipid content and metabolic stress, without any additive or synergistic effects observed when all three kinases are simultaneously depleted.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the key factors involved in the severity of the Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder with a global impact, yet its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. While age, metabolic abnormalities, and accumulation of neurotoxic substances are potential risk factors for AD, their effects are confounded by other factors. To address this challenge, we first utilized multi-omics data from 87 well phenotyped AD patients and generated plasma proteomics and metabolomics data, as well as gut and saliva metagenomics data to investigate the molecular-level alterations accounting the host-microbiome interactions.

Assessing the built environment through photographs and its association with obesity in 21 countries: the PURE Study.

Background: The built environment can influence human health, but the available evidence is modest and almost entirely from urban communities in high-income countries. Here we aimed to analyse built environment characteristics and their associations with obesity in urban and rural communities in 21 countries at different development levels participating in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study.

Methods: Photographs were acquired with a standardised approach.

Pericyte phenotype switching alleviates immunosuppression and sensitizes vascularized tumors to immunotherapy in preclinical models.

T cell-based immunotherapies are a promising therapeutic approach for multiple malignancies, but their efficacy is limited by tumor hypoxia arising from dysfunctional blood vessels. Here, we report that cell-intrinsic properties of a single vascular component, namely the pericyte, contribute to the control of tumor oxygenation, macrophage polarization, vessel inflammation, and T cell infiltration. Switching pericyte phenotype from a synthetic to a differentiated state reverses immune suppression and sensitizes tumors to adoptive T cell therapy, leading to regression of melanoma in mice.

Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia: an Impaired Metabolic Response to a Meal.

Aims/hypothesis: Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is caused by postprandial hyperinsulinemia, due to anatomical alterations and changes in post-prandial metabolism after bariatric surgery. The mechanisms underlying the failing regulatory and compensatory systems are unclear. In this study, we investigated the differences in post-prandial hormones and metabolic profiles between patients with and without PBH.

Chromobacterium sp. septicemia in Sweden. A clinical case report.

Background: Chromobacterium is a genus of fourteen species with validly published names, most often found in soil and waters in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The most well-known species of the genus, C. violaceum, occasionally causes clinically relevant infections; cases of soft tissue infections with septicemia and fatal outcomes have been described.

Activation of GFRAL neurons induces hypothermia and glucoregulatory responses associated with nausea and torpor.

GFRAL-expressing neurons actuate aversion and nausea, are targets for obesity treatment, and may mediate metformin effects by long-term GDF15-GFRAL agonism. Whether GFRAL neurons acutely regulate glucose and energy homeostasis is, however, underexplored. Here, we report that cell-specific activation of GFRAL neurons using a variety of techniques causes a torpor-like state, including hypothermia, the release of stress hormones, a shift from glucose to lipid oxidation, and impaired insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake but augmented glucose uptake in visceral fat.

Analysis of modulations of mental fatigue on intra-individual variability from single-trial event related potentials.

Background: Intra-individual variability (IIV), a measure of variance within an individual's performance, has been demonstrated as metrics of brain responses for neural functionality. However, how mental fatigue modulates IIV remains unclear. Consequently, the development of robust mental fatigue detection methods at the single-trial level is challenging.