ChatGPT (GPT-4) versus doctors on complex cases of the Swedish family medicine specialist examination: an observational comparative study.

Background: Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence research include the development of generative pretrained transformers (GPT). ChatGPT has been shown to perform well when answering several sets of medical multiple-choice questions. However, it has not been tested for writing free-text assessments of complex cases in primary care.

How much resources are reasonable to spend on radiological protection?

In short terms, a society's available resources are finite and must be prioritised. The more resources that are spent on radiological protection, the lesser resources are available for other needs. The ALARA principle states that exposure of ionizing radiation should be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal factors.

Behavioural intentions towards use of digital video consultations in primary care: a survey study on physicians', nurses' and psychologists' perceptions in Swedish primary care.

Objectives: The study aimed to describe the experiences of physicians, nurses and psychologists employed in primary care in using digital video consultations. The second objective was to study the association between the predictors of behaviour and behavioural intentions to use digital consultations and to relate underlying behavioural beliefs to experiences of digital consultations in primary care. Overall, the research questions focused on the association between previous training, profession or theory-based behavioural predictors and behavioural intentions to use digital video consultations.

Occupational exposure and new-onset asthma in the population-based Telemark study: a 5-year follow-up.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the incidence of asthma and assess the association between job exposure matrix (N-JEM) assigned occupational exposure, self-reported occupational exposure to vapour, gas, dust and fumes (VGDF), mould, damages from moisture and cold, and new-onset asthma. We also aimed to assess the corresponding population attributable fraction (PAF) for ever exposure to VGDF.

Design: Longitudinal population-based respiratory health study.

Heart disease in pregnancy and risk of pre-eclampsia: a Swedish register-based study.

Background And Aims: Pre-eclampsia complicates 3-5% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with adverse outcomes for the mother and the offspring. Pre-eclampsia and heart failure have common risk factors, including hypertension, obesity and diabetes. It is not known whether heart failure increases the risk of pre-eclampsia.

Evaluation of evidence supporting NICE recommendations to change people's lifestyle in clinical practice: cross sectional survey.

Objectives: To assess whether recommendations of individually oriented lifestyle interventions (IOLIs) in guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) were underpinned by evidence of benefit, and whether harms and opportunity costs were considered.

Design: Cross sectional survey.

Setting: UK.

Girls With Social and/or Attention Deficit Re-Examined in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study of Diagnostic Stability, Daily Life Functioning and Social Situation.

Objective: Investigate diagnostic stability, daily life functioning and social situation in women diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD in childhood.

Methods: Prospective 17 to 20-year follow-up study of 100 girls of whom 92 diagnosed in childhood with main DSM-IV ADHD or ASD, and 60 comparison girls. Ninety and 54 of these women were examined ( = 27, 4 years old) with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, close relatives were interviewed.

Children in the household and risk of severe COVID-19 during the first three waves of the pandemic: a prospective registry-based cohort study of 1.5 million Swedish men.

Objective: To investigate whether Swedish men living with children had elevated risk for severe COVID-19 or infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves of the pandemic.

Design: Prospective registry-based cohort study.

Participants: 1 557 061 Swedish men undergoing military conscription between 1968 and 2005 at a mean age of 18.

Determinants of lifejacket use among boaters on Lake Albert, Uganda: a qualitative study.

Background: Drowning is a major cause of unintentional injury death worldwide. The toll is greatest in low and middle-income countries. Over 95% of people who drowned while boating in Uganda were not wearing a lifejacket.

Cholesterol efflux promoting function of high-density lipoproteins in calcific aortic valve stenosis.

Background And Aims: Cholesterol efflux capacity is a functional property of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) reflecting the efficiency of the atheroprotective reverse cholesterol transport process in humans. Its relationship with calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) has not been fully assessed yet.

Methods: We evaluated HDL-CEC in a patient population with varying degrees of aortic valvular calcific disease, assessed using echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography.

Among respiratory symptoms, wheeze associates most strongly with impaired lung function in adults with asthma: a long-term prospective cohort study.

Background: Asthma is a common disease and a major public health concern. Respiratory symptoms are related to its prognosis, which in turn associates with lung function. Still this association on a long-term basis is not entirely understood.

Self-reported exposure of Indonesian adolescents to online and offline tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS).

Objectives: To quantify tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), self-reported exposure from online and offline platforms among adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods: A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted in 2017. In total, 2820 students aged 13-18 years were recruited from 22 schools in seven cities.

Is the Thoughts and Health programme feasible in the context of Swedish schools? A quasi-experimental controlled trial study protocol.

Introduction: Clinical depression is a substantial problem among adolescents, increasing significantly at about age 15 years. It causes impairment in social, academic and familial relationships, as well as ongoing cognitive and emotional difficulties for the individual. A study in Iceland demonstrated that a cognitive-behavioural, developmentally based intervention programme, 'Thoughts and Health', prevented initial episodes of depression and/or dysthymia (DYS) (major depressive disorder/DYS) in adolescents for up to 12 months following completion of the programme.

Association of dietary and gut microbiota-related metabolites with calcific aortic stenosis.

Background: Histopathological changes in calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) resemble changes in coronary atherosclerosis. Concerning recent evidence on dietary and gut microbiota-related metabolites representing players in atherosclerosis, we aimed to investigate the link between dietary and gut microbiota-derived metabolites and CAS.

Methods: We consecutively recruited eligible subjects with moderate-severe CAS ( = 60), aortic sclerosis (ASc) ( = 49) and age and gender-matched control subjects ( = 48) in May 2016-December 2016.

Is Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) a superior screening tool for heat stress risk than Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index? Eight years of data from the Gothenburg half marathon.

Background: The Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index is a common tool to screen for heat stress for sporting events. However, the index has a number of limitations. Rational indices, such as the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), are potential alternatives.

Violence against children in Latin America and the Caribbean: What do available data reveal about prevalence and perpetrators?

Objective: To describe the prevalence of recent physical, sexual, and emotional violence against children 0 - 19 years of age in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) by age, sex, and perpetrator.

Methods: A systematic review and analysis of published literature and large international datasets was conducted. Eligible sources from first record to December 2015 contained age-, sex-, and perpetrator-specific data from LAC.

[The importance of adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism. Necessary examination for many patients as computed tomography can lead to errors].

Primary aldosteronism is the cause of hypertension in 5-10% of the hypertensive population. Almost half of all patients with primary aldosteronism have unilateral disease, i.e.

Interobserver agreement of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography in the evaluation of solid pancreatic lesions.

Background And Study Aims: Previous reports assessing the reproducibility of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography (CH-EUS) in the evaluation of solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) involved mainly experienced endosonographers. We aimed to assess the interobserver agreement (IOA) of CH-EUS in the evaluation of SPLs by endoscopists with different levels of experience in EUS and CH-EUS.

Participants And Methods: A cross-sectional observational multicenter study was designed and included 11 endoscopists who were divided into four groups according to their experience in EUS and CH-EUS: group A (long experience in EUS and CH-EUS); group B (short experience in EUS and CH-EUS); group C (long experience in EUS and no experience in CH-EUS); and group D (no experience in EUS or CH-EUS).