How Do Personality Dysfunction and Maladaptive Personality Traits Predict Time to Premature Discontinuation of Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD?

Objectives: Non-adherence to medication is common in the adult ADHD clinical group. The goal of this pre-registered study was to examine whether the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD), generality personality dysfunction (LPFS-BF 2.0) or maladaptive personality traits (PID-5), can predict time to premature discontinuation of pharmacological treatment beyond other known factors.

Identify biological Alzheimer's disease using a novel nucleic acid-linked protein immunoassay.

Blood-based biomarkers have been revolutionizing the detection, diagnosis and screening of Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, phosphorylated-tau variants (p-tau, p-tau and p-tau) are promising biomarkers for identifying Alzheimer's disease pathology. Antibody-based assays such as single molecule arrays immunoassays are powerful tools to investigate pathological changes indicated by blood-based biomarkers and have been studied extensively in the Alzheimer's disease research field.

Amyloid-β and tau deposition in traumatic brain injury: a study of Vietnam War veterans.

Traumatic brain injury is widely viewed as a risk factor for dementia, but the biological mechanisms underlying this association are still unclear. In previous studies, traumatic brain injury has been associated with the hallmark pathologies of Alzheimer's disease, i.e.

It's Like Doing Simultaneous Mind Puzzles: Exploring How Care is Understood and Experienced by Nursing Assistants Working in Sweden with Older Persons.

Background: The care of older persons is facing several challenges, especially as care tasks are becoming increasingly rationalized with less opportunity for relational engagement between nurse assistants and older persons. Evidence suggests this engagement is needed to promote well-being and satisfaction among the older persons with whom they work. The aim of this study was to explore how care, in the context of worker perspectives, is understood and experienced in home or residential care facilities.

No difference in ACL revision rates between hamstring and patellar tendon autograft in patients with ACL-R and a concurrent meniscal injury irrespective of meniscal treatment.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to compare (1) the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision and (2) subjective knee function using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) between isolated ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) and ACL-R and concurrent meniscal injury, based on graft selection and meniscal treatment.

Methods: Data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry were extracted in November 2022 for patients who underwent primary ACL-R. Patients were divided into two main groups based on graft choice: hamstring tendon (HT) or patellar tendon (PT) autograft, with four meniscal sub-groups: no injury, resection, repair or left in situ.

DECORIN, a triceps-derived myokine, protects sorted β-cells and human islets against chronic inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Pancreatic β-cells are susceptible to inflammation, leading to decreased insulin production/secretion and cell death. Previously, we have identified a novel triceps-derived myokine, DECORIN, which plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle-to-pancreas interorgan communication. However, whether DECORIN can directly impact β-cell function and susceptibility to inflammation remains unexplored.

Deoxygenative photochemical alkylation of secondary amides enables a streamlined synthesis of substituted amines.

Secondary amines are vital functional groups in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and natural products, necessitating efficient synthetic methods. Traditional approaches, including N-monoalkylation and reductive amination, suffer from limitations such as poor chemoselectivity and complexity. Herein, we present a streamlined deoxygenative photochemical alkylation of secondary amides, enabling the efficient synthesis of α-branched secondary amines.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Emotion regulation-based internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for premenstrual dysphoric disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Sweden.

Introduction: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a cyclic mood disorder affecting around 2%-5% of women of reproductive age. Pharmacological interventions exist, but many patients with PMDD experience residual symptoms, discontinue medications or refrain from them due to side effects. Thus, non-pharmacological treatments are needed as an alternative or additive treatment strategy.

High-consistency modification of cellulose fibers: Resource-efficient introduction of cationic charges, and their effect on fiber and nanofibril properties.

Quaternized cellulose fibers and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are attractive candidates for the development of new renewable and biodegradable materials. However, the etherification reaction, through which functionalization is commonly achieved, provides low efficiencies, limiting industrial interest in the modification. This work primarily aims to increase the efficiency for the quaternization of cellulosic fibers while keeping the fiber-structure intact.

High voltage selective fragmentation on Swedish mineral fraction of incineration bottom ash (MIBA) - An exploratory study on metal and material recovery.

Waste-to-Energy (WtE) generates circa 1 Mt/y of Mineral fraction of Incineration Bottom Ash (MIBA) in Sweden, often used as construction material for landfills. Upcoming European Commission directives will limit landfilling and the demand for MIBA for landfill construction is predicted to decrease. Therefore, alternative utilisations of MIBA are required.

Amyloid-associated hyperconnectivity drives tau spread across connected brain regions in Alzheimer's disease.

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) triggers the aggregation and spreading of tau pathology, which drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. However, the pathophysiological link between Aβ and tau remains unclear, which hinders therapeutic efforts to attenuate Aβ-related tau accumulation. Aβ has been found to trigger neuronal hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity, and preclinical research has shown that tau spreads across connected neurons in an activity-dependent manner.

High prevalence of undocumented SARS-CoV-2 infections revealed by analysis of nucleocapsid-specific IgG responses in diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals.

Acute SARS-CoV-2 infections are not always diagnosed; hence an unknown proportion of all infections are not documented. SARS-CoV-2 can induce spike and nucleocapsid protein specific IgG antibodies, which can be detected in seroprevalence studies to identify a previous infection. However, with the introduction of vaccines containing the spike protein it is no longer possible to use spike-IgG as a marker of infection.

Computational Assessment of - Curves and Tunability of 2D Semiconductor van der Waals Heterostructures.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received significant interest for use in tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) due to their ultrathin layers and tunable band gap features. In this study, we used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the electronic properties of six TMD heterostructures, namely, MoSe/HfS, MoTe/ZrS, MoTe/HfS, WSe/HfS, WTe/ZrS, and WTe/HfS, focusing on variations in band alignments. We demonstrate that WTe/ZrS and WTe/HfS have the smallest band gaps (close to 0 or broken) from the considered set.

Cerebral Microbleeds and Amyloid Pathology Estimates From the Amyloid Biomarker Study.

Importance: Baseline cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and APOE ε4 allele copy number are important risk factors for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) receiving therapies to lower amyloid-β plaque levels.

Objective: To provide prevalence estimates of any, no more than 4, or fewer than 2 CMBs in association with amyloid status, APOE ε4 copy number, and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data included in the Amyloid Biomarker Study data pooling initiative (January 1, 2012, to the present [data collection is ongoing]).

Depressive Symptoms and Amyloid Pathology.

Importance: Depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older individuals. Uncertainty about underlying mechanisms hampers diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. This large-scale study aimed to elucidate the association between depressive symptoms and amyloid pathology.

The Cu site in particulate methane monooxygenase may be used to produce hydrogen peroxide.

Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is the most efficient of the two groups of enzymes that can hydroxylate methane. The enzyme is membrane bound and therefore hard to study experimentally. For that reason, there is still no consensus regarding the location and nature of the active site.

From human to superhuman: the impact of the microbiome on physiology.

The complex microbial community residing in the human gut has long been understood to regulate gastrointestinal physiology and to participate in digestive diseases, but its extraintestinal actions and influences are increasingly recognized. This article discusses bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiome and athletic performance, metabolism, longevity and the ability of the gut-brain axis to influence cognitive function and mental health.

CpG island methylator phenotype classification improves risk assessment in pediatric T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Current intensive treatment of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has substantial side-effects, highlighting a need for novel biomarkers to improve risk stratification. Canonical biomarkers such as genetics and immunophenotype are largely not used in pediatric T-ALL stratification. This study aimed to validate the prognostic relevance of DNA methylation CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) risk stratification in two pediatric T-ALL patient cohorts: the Nordic NOPHO ALL2008 T-ALL study cohort (n=192) and the Dutch DCOG ALL-10/ALL-11 validation cohorts (n=156).

Impact of smoking status on engagement in remote symptom monitoring after oncologic surgery: Implications for symptom management and readmission rates.

Background: Remote symptom monitoring (RSM) is an evidence-based strategy shown to mitigate postoperative morbidity; however, platform engagement is required to benefit from RSM. Patients who report current smoking are at high risk for postoperative complications, but it is unknown whether smoking status influences engagement with RSM, symptom severity, or unanticipated acute care visits.

Methods: This observational case-control study was conducted in patients undergoing ambulatory oncologic surgery at a large cancer center.

A Non-Centrifugation Method to Concentrate and Purify Extracellular Vesicles Using Superabsorbent Polymer Followed by Size Exclusion Chromatography.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be isolated and purified from cell cultures and biofluids using different methodologies. Here, we explored a novel EV isolation approach by combining superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in a dialysis membrane with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to achieve high concentration and purity of EVs without the use of ultracentrifugation (UC). Suspension HEK293 cells transfected with CD63 coupled with Thermo Luciferase were used to quantify the EV yield and purity.

Children With Sydenham Chorea and Psychiatric Disorders Had Variable Long-Term Outcomes and Required Multidisciplinary Management.

Aim: Sydenham chorea (SC) is a globally significant, post-streptococcal, childhood neuropsychiatric condition that is rare in western Europe. This retrospective single-centre study focused on children with neuropsychiatric features of SC.

Methods: Participants were recruited from neuropsychiatry referrals to a regional paediatric neurology department in Glasgow, Scotland, from 2009 to 2012.

Managing Pregnancies of Unknown Location With the M4 Prediction Model or the NICE Algorithm: A Randomised Controlled Trial With Cross-Sectional Diagnostic Accuracy Data.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic performance and clinical utility of the M4 prediction model and the NICE algorithm managing women with pregnancy of unknown location (PUL).

Design: The study has a superiority design regarding specificity for non-ectopic pregnancy for M4, given that the primary outcome of sensitivity for ectopic pregnancy (EP) is non-inferior in comparison with the NICE algorithm.

Setting: Emergency gynaecology units in Sweden.