Psychometrics of rating scales for externalizing disorders in Japanese outpatients: The ADHD-Rating Scale-5 and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale.

Objectives: This study validated the Japanese version of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale-5 (ADHD-RS-5) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale. We extended the ADHD-RS-5 by adding the oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder subscales to compare the two rating scales psychometrically.

Methods: We examined the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of the two rating scales in 135 Japanese outpatients aged 6-18 years.

The role of fat indices as factors leading to sarcopenia in older adults residing in underpopulated areas.

Simplifying the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia is key to establishing effective interventions. Herein, we aimed to clarify novel diagnostic factors. We calculated novel fat indices [total fat index (TFI) and limb fat index (LFI)] and clarified factors leading to pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia in 594 enrolled older adults.

Domain transformation using semi-supervised CycleGAN for improving performance of classifying thyroid tissue images.

Purpose: A large number of research has been conducted on the classification of medical images using deep learning. The thyroid tissue images can be also classified by cancer types. Deep learning requires a large amount of data, but every medical institution cannot collect sufficient number of data for deep learning.

Trend in antibiotic prescription at pediatric primary emergency medical centers in Japan: A multi-center, cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global issue, and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in outpatient settings is crucial. Japan has also focused on outpatient oral antimicrobial stewardship programs and difficulties in standardizing prescriptions have led to overprescription in primary emergency medical centers. There is a lack of research investigating the antibiotic prescription status of pediatric primary emergency medical centers and the benchmark prescription rates in pediatric outpatient settings.

Guadecitabine vs TC in relapsed/refractory AML after intensive chemotherapy: a randomized phase 3 ASTRAL-2 trial.

Guadecitabine is a novel hypomethylating agent (HMA) resistant to deamination by cytidine deaminase. Patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were randomly assigned to guadecitabine or a preselected treatment choice (TC) of high-intensity chemotherapy, low-intensity treatment with HMAs or low-dose cytarabine, or best supportive care (BSC). The primary end point was overall survival (OS).

Usefulness of perforating branches of the deep femoral artery and vein as recipient vessels during free-flap reconstruction for extensive defects of the thigh.

The perforating branches of the deep femoral artery and vein are considered useful recipient vessels during free-flap reconstruction for extensive defects extending from the knee to the mid-thigh or from the lateral to the posterior region of the thigh. Despite being located deep between the adductor longus and magnus muscles, they can be easily identified, allowing for a sufficient surgical field for the vascular anastomosis. Approximately four perforators from the deep femoral artery can be found on the posterior aspect of the thigh, easily identified by dissecting the semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles.

Effects of the Training Data Condition on Arterial Spin Labeling Parameter Estimation Using a Simulation-Based Supervised Deep Neural Network.

Objective: A simulation-based supervised deep neural network (DNN) can accurately estimate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT) from multidelay arterial spin labeling signals. However, the performance of deep learning depends on the characteristics of the training data set. We aimed to investigate the effects of the ground truth (GT) ranges of CBF and ATT on the performance of the DNN when training data were prepared using arterial spin labeling signal simulation.

Unresolved Palliative Care Needs of Elderly Non-Cancer Patients at Home: A Multicenter Prospective Study.

Introduction/objectives: There is growing consensus on the benefits of initiating palliative care early in the disease trajectory; however, palliative care needs for non-cancer patients remain to be elucidated. We investigated the trajectory of unresolved palliative care needs of non-cancer patients at home and explored associated factors.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study of elderly non-cancer patients at home in Japan between Jan 2020 and Dec 2020.

Ten-year follow up of incidental spontaneous extracranial internal carotid artery dissection in a Japanese asymptomatic older man: A case report.

This report presents a unique finding of an incidental right internal carotid artery dissection in an asymptomatic 69-year-old man. The report highlights the possible trigger and long-term outcomes of this condition. The patient had participated in Japanese archery competitions for many years.

Phase II Study of Intraperitoneal Administration of Paclitaxel Combined with S-1 and Cisplatin for Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastasis.

Background: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is promising for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis. Although a phase III study failed to show a statistically significant superiority of intraperitoneal paclitaxel combined with S-1 and intravenous paclitaxel, the sensitivity analysis suggested clinical efficacy. Thus, attempts to combine intraperitoneal paclitaxel with other systemic therapies with higher efficacy have been warranted.

Frequency and Risk Factors for Persistent and Concomitant Symptoms after Hospital Discharge for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Pre-omicron Period: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: Many countries have reported persistent and concomitant symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to identify persistent COVID-19 and concomitant symptoms in discharged patients and identify the risk factors for such symptoms.

Methods: This study enrolled patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the University of Fukui Hospital, Japan, and discharged between April 3, 2020, and August 19, 2021.

Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rehabilitation in Critically Ill Patients 2023 (J-ReCIP 2023).

Providing standardized, high-quality rehabilitation for critically ill patients is a crucial issue. In 2017, the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine (JSICM) promulgated the "Evidence-Based Expert Consensus for Early Rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit" to advocate for the early initiation of rehabilitations in Japanese intensive care settings. Building upon this seminal work, JSICM has recently conducted a rigorous systematic review utilizing the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.

The association of tibial vs. humeral intraosseous vascular access with patient outcomes in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.

Aim: Humeral and tibial intraosseous (IO) vascular access can deliver resuscitative medications for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), however the optimal site is unclear. We examined the association between IO tibia vs. humerus as the first-attempted vascular access site with OHCA outcomes.

Improved artificial intelligence discrimination of minor histological populations by supplementing with color-adjusted images.

Despite the dedicated research of artificial intelligence (AI) for pathological images, the construction of AI applicable to histopathological tissue subtypes, is limited by insufficient dataset collection owing to disease infrequency. Here, we present a solution involving the addition of supplemental tissue array (TA) images that are adjusted to the tonality of the main data using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to the training data for rare tissue types. F1 scores of rare tissue types that constitute < 1.

Surgical treatment for a giant venous malformation of the parotid area.

This report discusses the surgical treatment of a giant parotid venous malformation (VM) that had grown beyond the dimensions of the parotid gland, causing significant displacement. Special attention was paid to identifying the facial nerve, which was found to traverse the surface of the VM. Although, in our case, the facial nerve ran superficially on the VM, it is possible that a portion of it penetrated the mass.

Exploring the Multifaceted Nexus of Uric Acid and Health: A Review of Recent Studies on Diverse Diseases.

The prevalence of patients with hyperuricemia or gout is increasing worldwide. Hyperuricemia and gout are primarily attributed to genetic factors, along with lifestyle factors like consuming a purine-rich diet, alcohol and/or fructose intake, and physical activity. While numerous studies have reported various comorbidities linked to hyperuricemia or gout, the range of these associations is extensive.

Gradual loaded exercise of knee extension muscles using an orthosis after wide resection of a femoral sarcoma and quadriceps muscle: a case report.

Background: Details of improved gait ability after wide resection of soft tissue sarcomas that necessitate removal of portions of the quadricep muscle have not yet been reported. We describe a patient with improved gait ability following a rehabilitation program after wide resection of a soft tissue sarcoma that included four components of the quadricep muscle.

Case Presentation: An 85-year-old Japanese man underwent wide resection of an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma that included portions of the quadriceps femoris muscle.