Detection of a Toxic Methylated Derivative of Phomopsin A Produced by the Legume-Infesting Fungus Diaporthe toxica.

Phomopsin A (PHO-A), produced by the fungus Diaporthe toxica, is a mycotoxin known to be responsible for fatal liver disease of lupin-fed sheep. The full spectrum of the toxic secondary metabolites produced by D. toxica is still unknown.

DNMT and HDAC inhibitors induce cryptic transcription start sites encoded in long terminal repeats.

Several mechanisms of action have been proposed for DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors (DNMTi and HDACi), primarily based on candidate-gene approaches. However, less is known about their genome-wide transcriptional and epigenomic consequences. By mapping global transcription start site (TSS) and chromatin dynamics, we observed the cryptic transcription of thousands of treatment-induced non-annotated TSSs (TINATs) following DNMTi and HDACi treatment.

Laryngeal evidence for the first and second passaggio in professionally trained sopranos.

Introduction: Due to a lack of empirical data, the current understanding of the laryngeal mechanics in the passaggio regions (i.e., the fundamental frequency ranges where vocal registration events usually occur) of the female singing voice is still limited.

Mulitcenter study on antibiotic prophylaxis, infectious complications and risk assessment in TUR-P.

Introduction: Transurethral resection of the prostate is one of the most frequent urological procedures. Urinary tract infections represent major sequelae, but data about antibiotic prophylaxis in TUR-P are controversial and outdated.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre study of TUR-P in ten German hospitals.

Operative versus conservative treatment of apophyseal avulsion fractures of the pelvis in the adolescents: a systematical review with meta-analysis of clinical outcome and return to sports.

Background: Avulsion fractures of the pelvic apophyses typically occur in adolescent athletes due to a sudden strong muscle contraction while growth plates are still open. The main goals of this systematic review with meta-analysis were to summarize the evidence on clinical outcome and determine the rate of return to sports after conservative versus operative treatment of avulsion fractures of the pelvis.

Methods: A systematic search of the Ovid database was performed in December 2016 to identify all published articles reporting outcome and return to preinjury sport-level after conservative or operative treatment of avulsion fractures of the pelvis in adolescent patients.

The EMT-activator Zeb1 is a key factor for cell plasticity and promotes metastasis in pancreatic cancer.

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-associated death. Partial activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program (partial EMT) was considered a major driver of tumour progression from initiation to metastasis. However, the role of EMT in promoting metastasis has recently been challenged, in particular concerning effects of the Snail and Twist EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs) in pancreatic cancer.

Volatile Sedation in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Case Report.

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by reversible multifocal narrowing of cerebral arteries heralded by sudden (thunderclap) headaches with or without neurological deficits, resolving within 3 months. It often occurs in the peripartum period. To date, the ideal treatment remains unclear.

Peripheral blood cytogenetics allows treatment monitoring and early identification of treatment failure to lenalidomide in MDS patients: results of the LE-MON-5 trial.

Unlabelled: Transfusion-dependent patients with low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, <5% bone marrow (BM) blasts and isolated 5q-deletion received lenalidomide within the German MDS study group phase-II clinical trial LE-MON-5 (EudraCT:2008-001866-10) of the University of Duesseldorf, Germany. Cytogenetic monitoring was performed by chromosome banding analyses (CBA) of BM cells and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses of peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear CD34+ cells using extended probe panels. Out of 144 patients screened for study enrollment, 24% failed to meet inclusion criteria due to cytogenetic findings.

Functional reorganization in obstructive sleep apnoea and insomnia: A systematic review of the resting-state fMRI.

Functional neuroimaging techniques have accelerated progress in the study of sleep disorders. Considering the striking prevalence of these disorders in the general population, however, as well as their strong bidirectional relationship with major neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, their numbers are still surprisingly low. This review examines the contribution of resting state functional MRI to current understanding of two major sleep disorders, insomnia disorder and obstructive sleep apnoea.

The role of plant processing for the cancer preventive potential of Ethiopian kale ().

: Ethiopian kale () is a horticulturally important crop used as leafy vegetable in large parts of East and Southern Africa. The leaves are reported to contain high concentrations of health-promoting secondary plant metabolites. However, scientific knowledge on their health benefits is scarce.

Long-Term Follow-up of Recurrence and Patient Satisfaction After Surgical Treatment of Gynecomastia.

Background: "Gynecomastia" is an enlargement of the male breast. Our study aims to assess patient satisfaction as well as evaluate differences in recurrence rates in lipomatous and glandular gynecomastia 10-19 years postoperatively.

Methods: Forty-one gynecomastia patients undergoing surgical treatment from 1997 to 2005 were invited for a follow-up examination 10-19 years postoperatively.

Analysis of the ideal muscle weight of gracilis muscle transplants for facial reanimation surgery with regard to the donor nerve and outcome.

Background: Free functional muscle transfers represent the 'criterion standard' for smile reconstruction in facial paralysis. The gracilis muscle is a common donor muscle; however, no data exist regarding the volume of the muscle tissue that is necessary for symmetric commissure excursion.

Methods: All patients with facial paralysis receiving a free functional muscle transfer for facial reanimation surgery between January 2009 and November 2015 were retrospectively analysed.

Innovative strategies for adverse karyotype acute myeloid leukemia.

Purpose Of Review: Adverse karyotype acute myeloid leukemia is a disease particularly of older patients, but also observed in younger patients. Despite all efforts, standard chemotherapy is still generally applied in fit patients, as already for decades, and for nearly all different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia. Lack of more specifically targeted therapy and the often older age of the patients are complicating treatment, and in the subgroup of patients achieving a complete remission, the strikingly high frequency of relapse is a characteristic of this disease.

Calmodulin Regulated Spectrin Associated Protein 1 mRNA is Directly Regulated by miR-126 in Primary Human Osteoblasts.

Vascularization is essential for bone development, fracture healing, and bone tissue engineering. We have previously described that coculture of primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) improves differentiation of both cell types. Investigating the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this system, we found that miR-126 is highly upregulated in hOBs following coculturing with HUVECs.

Moss-Produced, Glycosylation-Optimized Human Factor H for Therapeutic Application in Complement Disorders.

Genetic defects in complement regulatory proteins can lead to severe renal diseases, including atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathies, and age-related macular degeneration. The majority of the mutations found in patients with these diseases affect the glycoprotein complement factor H, the main regulator of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Therapeutic options are limited, and novel treatments, specifically those targeting alternative pathway activation, are highly desirable.

Antigen-dependent competition shapes the local repertoire of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells.

Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (T) constitute a major component of the immune-surveillance system in nonlymphoid organs. Local, noncognate factors are both necessary and sufficient to support the programming of T cell fate in tissue-infiltrating T cells. Recent evidence suggests that TCR signals received in infected nonlymphoid tissues additionally contribute to T cell formation.

Complication assessment and prevention strategies using midfoot fusion bolt for medial column stabilization in Charcot's osteoarthropathy.

In Charcot's osteoarthropathy stabilization of the medial column of the foot was introduced in order to establish a stable foot and reduce the risk for amputation. This study was performed to analyze postoperative complications, define risk factors for those and develop strategies for prevention. Since bolt dislocation takes place frequently, it was aimed to predict an appropriate time point for bolt removal under the condition that osseous healing has occurred.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of food-borne nitriles in a liver in vitro model.

Isothiocyanates are the most intensively studied breakdown products of glucosinolates from Brassica plants and well recognized for their pleiotropic effects against cancer but also for their genotoxic potential. However, knowledge about the bioactivity of glucosinolate-borne nitriles in foods is very poor. As determined by GC-MS, broccoli glucosinolates mainly degrade to nitriles as breakdown products.