Shape-matching-based fracture reduction aid concept exemplified on the proximal humerus-a pilot study.

Purpose: Optimizing fracture reduction quality is key to achieve successful osteosynthesis, especially for epimetaphyseal regions such as the proximal humerus (PH), but can be challenging, partly due to the lack of a clear endpoint. We aimed to develop the prototype for a novel intraoperative C-arm-based aid to facilitate true anatomical reduction of fractures of the PH.

Methods: The proposed method designates the reduced endpoint position of fragments by superimposing the outer boundary of the premorbid bone shape on intraoperative C-arm images, taking the mirrored intact contralateral PH from the preoperative CT scan as a surrogate.

Examining Gravettian and Magdalenian mobility and technological organization with IR spectroscopy.

Archaeologists can use the provenance of lithic raw materials to examine the movements, territories, and settlement dynamics of hunter-gatherers. Several studies have used macroscopic analyses to propose the long-distance transport of raw material during the Gravettian and the Magdalenian of the Swabian Jura in Central Europe. Until now hypotheses about raw material transport in this region were not based on reproducible analyses.

A hypocaloric protein-rich diet before metabolic surgery improves liver function in patients with obesity and diabetes : A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are major risk factors for hepatic steatosis. Diet or bariatric surgery can reduce liver volume, fat content, and inflammation. However, little is known about their effects on liver function, as evaluated here using the LiMAx test.

Interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour or improving health outcomes.

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Much of this burden can be prevented by adopting healthy behaviours and reducing chronic disease risk factors. Settings-based approaches to address chronic disease risk factors are recommended globally.

The effect of gesture expressivity on emotional resonance in storytelling interaction.

The key function of storytelling is a meeting of hearts: a resonance in the recipient(s) of the story narrator's emotion toward the story events. This paper focuses on the role of gestures in engendering emotional resonance in conversational storytelling. The paper asks three questions: Does story narrators' gesture expressivity increase from story onset to climax offset (RQ #1)? Does gesture expressivity predict specific EDA responses in story participants (RQ #2)? How important is the contribution of gesture expressivity to emotional resonance compared to the contribution of other predictors of resonance (RQ #3)? 53 conversational stories were annotated for a large number of variables including Protagonist, Recency, Group composition, Group size, Sentiment, and co-occurrence with quotation.

Development and validation of a machine learning-based model to predict survival in patients with cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.

Background: Although numerous prognostic scores have been developed for patients with cirrhosis after Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement over years, an accurate machine learning (ML)-based model remains unavailable. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a ML-based prognostic model to predict survival in patients with cirrhosis after TIPS placement.

Methods: In this retrospective study in China, patients diagnosed with cirrhosis after TIPS placement from 2014 to 2020 in our cohort were included to develop a ML-based model.

Evaluation of a context-aware chatbot using retrieval-augmented generation for answering clinical questions on medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

The potential of large language models (LLMs) in medical applications is significant, and Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can address the weaknesses of these models in terms of data transparency and scientific accuracy by incorporating current scientific knowledge into responses. In this study, RAG and GPT-4 by OpenAI were applied to develop GuideGPT, a context aware chatbot integrated with a knowledge database from 449 scientific publications designed to provide answers on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). A comparison was made with a generic LLM ("PureGPT") across 30 MRONJ-related questions.

Feasibility, trueness and precision of intraoral scanners in digitizing maxillectomy defects with exposed zygomatic implants in situ: An in vitro 3D comparative study.

Objectives: To in-vitro evaluate the feasibility and accuracy (trueness and precision) of various intraoral scanners (IOS) to digitize maxillectomy defect models with exposed zygomatic implants in situ.

Material And Methods: Six partially edentulous and edentulous maxillectomy defect models with 2 zygomatic implants each were obtained. References scans were obatined by using a laboratory scanner (inEos X5; Dentsply Sirona).

A Novel In Vitro Model of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Identifies CD44 and Focal Adhesion Kinase as Therapeutic Targets to Reverse Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance.

Background/objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive neoplasm. Although most patients respond to induction therapy, they commonly relapse due to recurrent disease in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME). So, the disruption of the BMME, releasing tumor cells into the peripheral circulation, has therapeutic potential.

Integrated Analysis of Cell-Free DNA and Novel Protein Biomarkers for Stratification and Therapy Monitoring in Stage IV Pancreatic Cancer: A Preliminary Study.

Given the poor prognosis of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPDAC), closer disease monitoring through liquid biopsy, most frequently based on serial measurements of cell-free mutated ( cfDNA), has become a highly active research focus, aimed at improving patients' long-term outcomes. However, most of the available data show only a limited predictive and prognostic value of single-parameter-based methods. We hypothesized that a combined longitudinal analysis of cfDNA and novel protein biomarkers could improve risk stratification and molecular monitoring of patients with mPDAC.

BenchAMRking: a Galaxy-based platform for illustrating the major issues associated with current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene prediction workflows.

Background: The Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR) networks 'Seq4AMR' and 'B2B2B AMR Dx' were established to promote collaboration between microbial whole genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stakeholders. A key topic discussed was the frequent variability in results obtained between different microbial WGS-related AMR gene prediction workflows. Further, comparative benchmarking studies are difficult to perform due to differences in AMR gene prediction accuracy and a lack of agreement in the naming of AMR genes (semantic conformity) for the results obtained.

Small-molecule-induced ERBB4 activation to treat heart failure.

Heart failure is a common and deadly disease requiring new treatments. The neuregulin-1/ERBB4 pathway offers cardioprotective benefits, but using recombinant neuregulin-1 as therapy has limitations due to the need for intravenous delivery and lack of receptor specificity. We hypothesize that small-molecule activation of ERBB4 could protect against heart damage and fibrosis.

Predicting mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using AI-based fully automated left atrioventricular coupling index.

Background: This study aimed to determine whether artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated assessment of left atrioventricular coupling index (LACI) can provide incremental value above other traditional risk factors for predicting mortality among patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients with severe AS who underwent CCTA examination before TAVR between September 2014 and December 2020. An AI-prototype software fully automatically calculated left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes and LACI was defined by the ratio between them.

Detect influential points of feature rankings.

Background: Feature rankings are crucial in bioinformatics but can be distorted by influential points (IPs), which are often overlooked. This study aims to investigate the impact of IPs on feature rankings and propose IPs detection method METHOD: We use a leave-one-out approach to assess each case's influence on feature rankings by comparing rank changes after its removal. The rank changes are measured by a novel rank comparison method that involves using adaptive top-prioritized weights that are adjustable to the distribution of rank changes.

A first-in-human phase 1/2 dose-escalation study of MAK683 (EED inhibitor) in patients with advanced malignancies.

Purpose: MAK683, a first-in-class and highly selective allosteric inhibitor of the embryonic ectoderm development subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2, has shown sustained antitumor activity in tumor xenograft models. This first-in-human phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and clinical activity of single-agent MAK683 in advanced malignancies.

Methods: MAK683 was administered fasted once daily or twice daily continuously in 28-day treatment cycles.

Tissue concepts: Supervised foundation models in computational pathology.

Due to the increasing workload of pathologists, the need for automation to support diagnostic tasks and quantitative biomarker evaluation is becoming more and more apparent. Foundation models have the potential to improve generalizability within and across centers and serve as starting points for data efficient development of specialized yet robust AI models. However, the training of foundation models themselves is usually very expensive in terms of data, computation, and time.

Integration of basal and apical embryo lineage regulators controls F-actin cable integrity and zygote asymmetry in .

In many plants, the asymmetric division of the zygote sets up the apical-basal body axis. In the cress , the zygote coexpresses regulators of the apical and basal embryo lineages, the transcription factors WOX2 and WRKY2/WOX8, respectively. WRKY2/WOX8 activity promotes nuclear migration, cellular polarity, and mitotic asymmetry of the zygote, which are hallmarks of axis formation in many plant species.

Tracking clonal and plasmid transmission in colistin- and carbapenem-resistant .

The surveillance of mobile genetic elements facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes has been challenging. Here, we tracked both clonal and plasmid transmission in colistin- and carbapenem-resistant using short- and long-read sequencing technologies. We observed three clonal transmissions, all containing Incompatibility group (Inc) L plasmids and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase , although not co-located on the same plasmid.

How to protect the proximal bronchial tree during stereotactic radiotherapy of ultracentral lung tumors: Lessons from MR-guided treatment.

Purpose: To use imaging data from stereotactic MR-guided online adaptive radiotherapy (SMART) of ultracentral lung tumors (ULT) for development of a safe non-adaptive approach towards stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of ULT.

Patients And Methods: Analysis is based on 19 patients with ULT who received SMART (10 × 5.0-5.

Stabilizing Schottky-to-Ohmic Switching in HfO-Based Ferroelectric Films via Electrode Design.

The discovery of ferroelectric phases in HfO-based films has reignited interest in ferroelectrics and their application in resistive switching (RS) devices. This study investigates the pivotal role of electrodes in facilitating the Schottky-to-Ohmic transition (SOT) observed in devices consisting of ultrathin epitaxial ferroelectric HfYO (YHO) films deposited on LaSrMnO-buffered Nb-doped SrTiO (NbSTO|LSMO) with Ti|Au top electrodes. These findings indicate combined filamentary RS and ferroelectric switching occurs in devices with designed electrodes, having an ON/OFF ratio of over 100 during about 10 cycles.

Abaloparatide Enhances Bone Regeneration in Extraction Socket Dental Implant Defects: An Experimental In Vivo Study.

Objective: Abaloparatide (ABL) is a synthetic parathyroid hormone-related protein analog developed as an anabolic drug to treat osteoporosis. ABL increases bone mineral density (BMD) of the long bones and spine; however, the influence of ABL on alveolar bone regeneration remains unknown. This study assessed the effects of systemic ABL administration on tooth extraction socket healing and dental implant osseointegration in a preclinical rodent model.

Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic fatigue: the importance of communication and symptom management-a case report.

Background: Crohn's disease and irritable bowel syndrome may both cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome not only is an important differential diagnosis for Crohn's disease but also occurs in one out of three patients with Crohn's disease in remission in parallel. If not adequately diagnosed and treated, additional functional symptoms such as fatigue and/or muscle pain may develop, indicating a more severe course.

Exploring the effects of gut microbiota on cholangiocarcinoma progression by patient-derived organoids.

Background: Recent research indicates a role of gut microbiota in development and progression of life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Carcinomas of the biliary ducts, the so-called cholangiocarcinomas, are known for their aggressive tumor biology, implying poor prognosis of affected patients. An impact of the gut microbiota on cholangiocarcinoma development and progression is plausible due to the enterohepatic circulation and is therefore the subject of scientific debate, however evidence is still lacking.