Inconclusive evidence for associations between adverse experiences in adulthood and working memory performance.

Decades of research have shown that adversity tends to be associated with lower working memory (WM) performance. This literature has mainly focused on impairments in the capacity to hold information available in WM for further processing. However, some recent adaptation-based studies suggest that certain types of adversity can leave intact, or even enhance, the ability to rapidly update information in WM.

Faster Acquisition and Improved Image Quality of T2-Weighted Dixon Breast MRI at 3T Using Deep Learning: A Prospective Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare image quality features and lesion characteristics between a faster deep learning (DL) reconstructed T2-weighted (T2-w) fast spin-echo (FSE) Dixon sequence with super-resolution (T2) and a conventional T2-w FSE Dixon sequence (T2) for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted between November 2022 and April 2023 using a 3T scanner. Both T2 and T2 sequences were acquired for each patient.

Accurate predictions on small data with a tabular foundation model.

Tabular data, spreadsheets organized in rows and columns, are ubiquitous across scientific fields, from biomedicine to particle physics to economics and climate science. The fundamental prediction task of filling in missing values of a label column based on the rest of the columns is essential for various applications as diverse as biomedical risk models, drug discovery and materials science. Although deep learning has revolutionized learning from raw data and led to numerous high-profile success stories, gradient-boosted decision trees have dominated tabular data for the past 20 years.

Mapping the developmental trajectory of human astrocytes reveals divergence in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is defined by heterogeneous and resilient cell populations that closely reflect neurodevelopmental cell types. Although it is clear that GBM echoes early and immature cell states, identifying the specific developmental programmes disrupted in these tumours has been hindered by a lack of high-resolution trajectories of glial and neuronal lineages. Here we delineate the course of human astrocyte maturation to uncover discrete developmental stages and attributes mirrored by GBM.

Biopsy location and tumor-associated macrophages in predicting malignant glioma recurrence using an in-silico model.

Predicting the biological behavior and time to recurrence (TTR) of high-grade diffuse gliomas (HGG) after maximum safe neurosurgical resection and combined radiation and chemotherapy plays a pivotal role in planning clinical follow-up, selecting potentially necessary second-line treatment and improving the quality of life for patients diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. The current standard-of-care (SoC) for HGG includes follow-up neuroradiological imaging to detect recurrence as early as possible and relies on several clinical, neuropathological, and radiological prognostic factors, which have limited accuracy in predicting TTR. In this study, using an in-silico analysis, we aim to improve predictive power for TTR by considering the role of (i) prognostically relevant information available through diagnostics used in the current SoC, (ii) advanced image-based information not currently part of the standard diagnostic workup, such as tumor-normal tissue interface (edge) features and quantitative data specific to biopsy positions within the tumor, and (iii) information on tumor-associated macrophages.

Do continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics predict macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetes? The FACULTY protocol of a retrospective real-world cohort study.

Introduction: Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for assessing glycaemic control in diabetes, given the established relationship with microvascular and macrovascular complications in this condition. However, HbA1c is affected by non-glycaemic factors, while also failing to provide data on hypoglycaemic exposure and glucose variability, which are associated with adverse vascular outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived glucose metrics provide a more comprehensive assessment of glycaemia, but their role in predicting future vascular complications remains unclear.

Hospital Costs of Intracranial Haemorrhage in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Possible Implications for Emerging Therapies.

N/A.

Prevalence of Crown Resorption in Amelogenesis Imperfecta due to Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Introduction: Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a rare genetic disease manifesting with skin and mucosal blistering. As part of the JEB, patients present with syndromic amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). Reports have described external crown resorption (ECR) in the teeth of patients with JEB, but its prevalence is unknown.

Meeting report about self-organization in biology: Freiburg Spemann-Mangold Centennial Symposium.

From September 16 to 19, 2024, an international symposium to celebrate the centennial of the discovery of the gastrula organizer by Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold, was held at the University of Freiburg, Germany, where they studied embryology. There were 41 plenary lectures, 11 short talks, and 182 poster presentations, with more than 300 participants from 23 countries. The symposium covered research topics broadly related to developmental, cell, genome, and evolutionary biology, mainly focused on early animal development.

PGM3 insufficiency: a glycosylation disorder causing a notable T cell defect.

Background: Hypomorphic mutations in the () gene cause a glycosylation disorder that leads to immunodeficiency. It is often associated with recurrent infections and atopy. The exact etiology of this condition remains unclear.

Determination of the beam quality correction factor for the PTW Semiflex 3D ionization chamber for the reference dosimetry at ZAP-X.

Purpose: The self-shielding radiosurgery system ZAP-X consists of a 3 MV linear accelerator and eight round collimators. For this system, it is a common practice to perform the reference dosimetry using the largest 25 mm diameter collimator at a source-to-axis distance (SAD) of 45 cm with the PTW Semiflex3D chamber placed at a measurement depth of 7 mm in water. Existing dosimetry protocols do not provide correction for these measurement conditions.

Galaxy as a gateway to bioinformatics: Multi-Interface Galaxy Hands-on Training Suite (MIGHTS) for scRNA-seq.

Background: Bioinformatics is fundamental to biomedical sciences, but its mastery presents a steep learning curve for bench biologists and clinicians. Learning to code while analyzing data is difficult. The curve may be flattened by separating these two aspects and providing intermediate steps for budding bioinformaticians.

Microsensor systems for cell metabolism - from 2D culture to organ-on-chip (2019-2024).

Cell cultures, organs-on-chip and microphysiological systems become increasingly relevant as models, , in drug development, disease modelling, toxicology or cancer research. It has been underlined repeatedly that culture conditions and metabolic cues have a strong or even essential influence on the reproducibility and validity of such experiments but are often not appropriately measured or controlled. Here we review microsensor systems for cell metabolism for the continuous measurement of culture conditions in microfluidic and lab-on-chip platforms.

Extended clinical phenotypes and treatment modalities in 32 JAGN1-deficient patients. A multicenter study by EBMT IEWP.

JAGN1 (Jagunal-homolog1) is a ER-resident transmembrane protein which is part of the early secretory pathway and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor mediated signaling. Autosomal recessively inherited variants in the JAGN1 gene lead to congenital neutropenia, early-onset bacterial infections, aphthosis and skin abscesses due to aberrant differentiation and maturation of neutrophils. In addition, bone metabolism disorders and a syndromic phenotype, including facial features, short stature and neurodevelopmental delay, have been reported in affected patients.

Analyzing temporal imaging patterns in acute ischemic stroke via DICOM-timestamps.

Acute stroke management is time-sensitive, making time data crucial for both research and quality management. However, these time data are often not reliably captured in routine clinical practice. In this proof-of-concept study we analysed image-based time data automatically captured in the DICOM format.

Ten-year outcomes after DMEK, DSAEK, and PK: insights on graft survival, endothelial cell density loss, rejection and visual acuity.

Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD) is the most frequent indication for corneal transplantation, with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) being viable options. This retrospective study compared 10-year outcomes of these techniques in a large cohort of 2956 first-time keratoplasty eyes treated for FECD at a high-volume corneal transplant center in Germany. While DMEK and DSAEK provided faster visual recovery (median time to BSCVA ≥ 6/12 Snellen: DMEK 7.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of an Innovative Psychedelic N,N-Dimethyltryptamine/Harmine Formulation in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Recent interest in the clinical use of psychedelics has highlighted plant-derived medicines like ayahuasca showing rapid-acting and sustainable therapeutic effects in various psychiatric conditions. This traditional Amazonian plant decoction contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carboline alkaloids such as harmine. However, its use is often accompanied by distressing effects like nausea, vomiting, and intense hallucinations, possibly due to complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) interactions and lack of dose standardization.

Phase separation of initiation hubs on cargo is a trigger switch for selective autophagy.

Autophagy is a key cellular quality control mechanism. Nutrient stress triggers bulk autophagy, which nonselectively degrades cytoplasmic material upon formation and liquid-liquid phase separation of the autophagy-related gene 1 (Atg1) complex. In contrast, selective autophagy eliminates protein aggregates, damaged organelles and other cargoes that are targeted by an autophagy receptor.

Roof renewal disparities widen the equity gap in residential wildfire protection.

Wildfires are having disproportionate impacts on U.S. households.

High-risk percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction deemed not suitable for surgical revascularisation. A clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) in collaboration with the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery.

This clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions was developed in association with the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery. It aims to define procedural and contemporary technical requirements that may improve the efficacy and safety of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), both in the acute phase and at long-term follow-up, in a high-risk cohort of patients on optimal medical therapy when clinical and anatomical high-risk criteria are present that entail unacceptable surgical risks, precluding the feasibility of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This document pertains to patients with surgical contraindication according to the Heart Team, in whom medical therapy has failed (e.

A conformational change of C-reactive protein drives neutrophil extracellular trap formation in inflammation.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) represents a routine diagnostic marker of inflammation. Dissociation of native pentameric CRP (pCRP) into the monomeric structure (mCRP) liberates proinflammatory features, presumably contributing to excessive immune cell activation via unknown molecular mechanisms.

Results: In a multi-translational study of systemic inflammation, we found a time- and inflammation-dependent pCRP dissociation into mCRP.

Gene expression comparisons between captive and wild shrew brains reveal captivity effects.

Compared with their free-ranging counterparts, wild animals in captivity experience different conditions with lasting physiological and behavioural effects. Although shifts in gene expression are expected to occur upstream of these phenotypes, we found no previous gene expression comparisons of captive versus free-ranging mammals. We assessed gene expression profiles of three brain regions (cortex, olfactory bulb and hippocampus) of wild shrews () compared with shrews kept in captivity for two months and undertook sample dropout to examine robustness given limited sample sizes.

Targeting Nerve Fiber Outgrowth Inhibition After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chondroitinase ABC.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can impair motor, sensory, and autonomic function. The formation of the glial scar comprises protective as well as inhibitory neurite outgrowth properties operated by the deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG). Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) can degrade CSPG and foster neuroaxonal plasticity as a therapeutic approach to restore locomotor function after SCI.

Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection from Patient Sera in Cell Culture Using Semi-Automated Image Analysis.

The study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in cell culture is mainly based on cloned viral isolates requiring adaptation for efficient replication in Huh7 hepatoma cells. The analysis of wild-type (WT) isolates was enabled by the expression of SEC14L2 and by inhibitors targeting deleterious host factors. Here, we aimed to optimize cell culture models to allow infection with HCV from patient sera.