Characterization of expression and prognostic implications of GD2 and GD3 synthase in canine histiocytic sarcoma.

GD2 and GD3 are disialoganglioside oncofetal antigens important in oncogenesis. GD2 synthase (GD2S) and GD3 synthase (GD3S) are needed for GD2 and GD3 production. The objectives of this study are to validate the use of RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®) in the detection of GD2S and GD3S in canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in vitro and optimize this technique in canine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues.

US regulations to curb alleged cancer causes are ineffectual and compromised by scientific, constitutional and ethical violations.

The 1958 Delaney amendment to the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetics Act prohibited food additives causing cancer in animals by appropriate tests. Regulators responded by adopting chronic lifetime cancer tests in rodents, soon challenged as inappropriate, for they led to very inconsistent results depending on the subjective choice of animals, test design and conduct, and interpretive assumptions. Presently, decades of discussions and trials have come to conclude it is impossible to translate chronic animal data into verifiable prospects of cancer hazards and risks in humans.

An Update on Kidney Ammonium Transport Along the Nephron.

Acid-base homeostasis is critical to the maintenance of normal health. The kidneys have a central role in bicarbonate generation, which occurs through the process of net acid excretion. Renal ammonia excretion is the predominant component of renal net acid excretion under basal conditions and in response to acid-base disturbances.

Nutritional Management of Cats and Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus.

This article reviews the nutritional assessment and management of diabetic dogs and cats. It discusses how to determine appropriate nutritional goals for individual patients, including comorbid patients with diabetes. Considerations for macronutrient and micronutrient modifications will be reviewed.

Characterization of expression and prognostic implications of transforming growth factor beta, programmed death-ligand 1, and T regulatory cells in canine histiocytic sarcoma.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm in dogs. Expression and prognostic significance of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in HS is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of TGF-β, PD-L1, and FoxP3/CD25 in canine HS utilizing RNA in situ hybridization (RNAscope®).

Passive Cycle Training Promotes Bone Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury without Altering Resting-State Bone Perfusion.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces diminished bone perfusion and bone loss in the paralyzed limbs. Activity-based physical therapy (ABPT) modalities that mobilize and/or reload the paralyzed limbs (e.g.

Human Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Attenuates ENaC and MARCKS and Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Diabetic db/db Mice.

Hypertension may develop before or after the onset of diabetes and it is known to increase the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a multi-functional protein with beneficial effects in various diseases but its role in reducing blood pressure in the diabetic kidney has not been thoroughly studied. Like blood pressure, epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) and its adaptor protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) are regulated by circadian rhythms.

BARIUM SULFATE GELATIN AS A NOVEL APPROACH TO FACILITATE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT POSITIVE CONTRAST STUDIES IN A CAPTIVE HARBOR SEAL () AND CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS () WITHOUT RESTRAINT.

Gastrointestinal tract contrast medium studies are a valuable diagnostic modality to evaluate gastrointestinal anatomy, motility, and pathology. Four positive contrast medium studies were performed twice on a harbor seal () and once each on two California sea lions () to evaluate for gastrointestinal abnormalities by using barium-impregnated gelatin. Because marine mammals in human care routinely receive plain gelatin as a component of their diet and as secondary reinforcement, feeding a barium gelatin mitigates the need for tube feeding or restraint.

IDENTIFICATION AND RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF A FILARIOID NEMATODE SPECIES IN MANAGED GRASSHOPPER SPARROWS ().

The grasshopper sparrow () is a species of ground-dwelling passerine bird with 12 different subspecies. The Florida subspecies () is classified as federally endangered, with the most common threats including habitat loss, nest predation, and floods. A managed breeding program was established at White Oak Conservation (Yulee, FL) in 2015 with eastern grasshopper sparrows () as a model for breeding Florida grasshopper sparrows as part of an assurance colony.

Shelter Medicine Sustainability from an Academic Perspective: Challenges and Issues.

A meeting of veterinary school faculty and partners, many associated with shelter medicine and/or community medicine programming, was convened at the 2019 Shelter Medicine Veterinary Educators Conference in Pullman, WA, to discuss challenges with shelter medicine program sustainability and defining the future. The discussion was facilitated by an outside consultant and is summarized in this manuscript. The goal of the meeting was to identify challenges and issues concerning the needs and goals for shelter medicine curricula to have long-term success in academic training.

Surgical enlargement of the epiploic foramen in horses.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of a method for digitally enlarging the caudal aspect of the epiploic foramen (EF).

Study Design: Healthy horses and clinical cases of EF entrapment (EFE).

Animals: Fourteen healthy horses and three clinical cases.

The proximal tubule through an NBCe1-dependent mechanism regulates collecting duct phenotypic and remodeling responses to acidosis.

The renal response to acid-base disturbances involves phenotypic and remodeling changes in the collecting duct. This study examines whether the proximal tubule controls these responses. We examined mice with genetic deletion of proteins present only in the proximal tubule, either the A variant or both A and B variants of isoform 1 of the electrogenic Na-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1).

Percutaneous transvenous coil embolization of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a cat.

Case Summary: A 10-month-old male domestic shorthair cat presented for surgical treatment of a congenital portosystemic shunt. The cat had a history of lethargy and ptyalism. Pre- and postprandial bile acids were markedly elevated.

Retrospective evaluation of transportation and outcome of dogs on a mechanical ventilator: 9 cases.

Objective: To describe the transportation and clinical outcome of 9 dogs transported to a referral hospital on mechanical ventilation (MV).

Design: Retrospective case series (2015-2020).

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Manatee cognition in the wild: an exploration of the manatee mind and behavior through neuroanatomy, psychophysics, and field observations.

Cognition refers to the mechanisms for acquiring, processing, storing, and acting on information, all of which are critical to understanding the behavior of animals. These mechanisms are poorly known in manatees, especially how they are expressed in the wild. To expand our understanding of manatee cognition, we gathered information from behavioral experimentation in the laboratory, neuroanatomical research, controlled field studies, integrated laboratory and field measurement, and natural history observations (published reports, written surveys, and interviews with knowledgeable observers).

Bacteremia and Late-Term Abortion Secondary to Salmonellosis in a Dog.

A 5 yr old, 54-day-pregnant whippet presented for hyperthermia, lethargy, and spontaneous abortion of multiple fetuses. Blood work and clinical signs raised concern for uterine sepsis; therefore, the dog underwent an emergency ovariohysterectomy. Blood and uterine samples cultured a Salmonella species.

Nicotine Exposure during Rodent Pregnancy Alters the Composition of Maternal Gut Microbiota and Abundance of Maternal and Amniotic Short Chain Fatty Acids.

Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death. Numerous reports link smoking in pregnancy with serious adverse outcomes, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity, and infant mortality. Corollaries of consuming nicotine in pregnancy, separate from smoking, are less explored, and the mechanisms of nicotine action on maternal-fetal communication are poorly understood.

A narrative review on the role of carbon nanoparticles in oncology.

The lymphatic system is the first site of metastasis for most tumors and is a common reason for the failure of cancer therapy. The lymphatic system's anatomical properties make it difficult to deliver chemotherapy agents at therapeutic concentrations while avoiding systemic toxicity. Carbon nanoparticles offer a promising alternative for identifying and transporting therapeutic molecules.

Safety and efficacy of cannabidiol-cannabidiolic acid rich hemp extract in the treatment of refractory epileptic seizures in dogs.

The use of cannabidiol (CBD) in childhood refractory seizures has become a common therapeutic approach for specific seizure disorders in human medicine. Similarly, there is an interest in using CBD, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) or cannabinoid-rich hemp products in the treatment of idiopathic epilepsy in dogs. We aimed to examine a small cohort in a pilot investigation using a CBD and CBDA-rich hemp product for the treatment of refractory epileptic seizures in dogs.

Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy in canine cadavers.

Objective: To describe the transoral endoscopic arytenopexy (TEA) and evaluate its effects on the rima glottis area (RGA) and laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal (LEGS). We hypothesize the TEA will be a feasible surgical technique and the TEA will provide a significant increase in RGA with minimal change to the LEGS.

Study Design: Canine cadaveric model.

Body mass and growth rates in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) cared for in African wildlife sanctuaries, zoological institutions, and research facilities.

Captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) mature earlier in body mass and have a greater growth rate compared to wild individuals. However, relatively little is known about how growth parameters compare between chimpanzees living in different captive environments. To investigate, body mass was measured in 298 African sanctuary chimpanzees and was acquired from 1030 zoological and 442 research chimpanzees, using data repositories.

Comparison of surgeon experience using simple interrupted and simple continuous suture patterns in intestinal resection and anastomosis.

This experimental study compared leak pressures and completion time of intestinal anastomoses performed by novice veterinarians and a Board-certified surgeon using simple interrupted and simple continuous suture patterns. Grossly normal jejunal segments ( = 108) from 6 fresh canine cadavers were used to harvest 8-cm cooled canine cadaveric jejunal segments that were randomly assigned to a control group (12 segments) and 4 treatment groups (24 segments/group, 12 constructs/group): i) simple interrupted anastomoses performed by a Board-certified surgeon (BSI); ii) simple continuous anastomoses performed by a Board-certified surgeon (BSC); iii) simple interrupted anastomoses performed by novice veterinarians (NSI); and iv) simple continuous anastomoses performed by novice veterinarians (NSC). Median (range) initial leak pressure (ILP) for control was 400.

Opioid-free sedation for atlantoaxial cerebrospinal fluid collection in adult horses.

Background: Atlantoaxial (AA) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in standing horses utilizes the controlled narcotic morphine, thereby limiting feasibility in field practice settings.

Objectives: To compare AA CSF collection time and reaction scores in horses sedated with morphine-containing and opioid-free sedation protocols: detomidine + morphine (DM), detomidine + xylazine (DX), detomidine + detomidine (DD), detomidine alone (D0); To develop a novel method for assessing sedation in standing horses using open-source motion-tracking software.

Animals: Six healthy adult horses.

Correction: Turner et al. Steatitis in Cold-Stunned Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtles (). 2021, , 898.

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