Professional perspectives on facilitators and barriers for high quality provision of health, education and social care services to disabled children in England during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To understand how health, education and social care services for disabled children changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, what did or did not work well and what the impacts of service changes were on both professionals and families.

Design: Qualitative study using semistructured interviews.

Setting: Telephone and video call interviews and focus groups with professionals working in one of five local authority areas in England.

Searching and reporting in Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews: A systematic assessment of current methods.

The search methods used in systematic reviews provide the foundation for establishing the body of literature from which conclusions are drawn and recommendations made. Searches should aim to be comprehensive and reporting of search methods should be transparent and reproducible. Campbell Collaboration systematic reviews strive to adhere to the best methodological guidance available for this type of searching.

Consensus palliative care referral criteria for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: People with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have substantial palliative care needs, but uncertainty exists around appropriate identification of patients for palliative care referral.We conducted a Delphi study of international experts to identify consensus referral criteria for specialist outpatient palliative care for people with COPD.

Methods: Clinicians in the fields of respiratory medicine, palliative and primary care from five continents with expertise in respiratory medicine and palliative care rated 81 criteria over three Delphi rounds.

Clinical decision-making on lung cancer investigations in primary care: a vignette study.

Objectives: To investigate the role of comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and symptom type on general practitioners' (GP's) symptom attribution and clinical decision-making in relation to lung cancer diagnosis.

Design: Vignette survey with a 2×2 mixed factorial design.

Setting: A nationwide online survey exploring clinical decision-making in primary care.

Psychosocial interventions for improving the physical health of young people and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review.

Background: Young people and adults with ADHD are at risk of a range of physical health problems. There is limited guidance on how to approach health problems in ADHD, and especially around 16-25 year olds who will be transitioning from paediatric to adult care. The aim of this scoping review was to identify psychosocial interventions that target physical health in young people and adults with ADHD.

Realist analysis of qualitative data in health professions education research.

Background: Qualitative realist analysis is gaining in popularity in health professions education research (HPER) as part of theory-driven program evaluation. Although realist approaches such as syntheses and evaluations typically advocate mixed methods, qualitative data dominate currently. Various forms of qualitative analysis have been articulated in HPER, yet realist analysis has not.

Wider health needs in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from lived and professional experience: a qualitative framework analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the perspectives of people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their supporters and primary care professionals (PCPs), on the wider physical and mental health needs of people with ADHD and the support currently available.

Design: Qualitative semi-structured interviews, analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Setting: Five general practice surgeries across England.

Consolidating multiple evolutionary theories of ageing suggests a need for new approaches to study genetic contributions to ageing decline.

Understanding mechanisms of ageing remains a complex challenge for biogerontologists, but recent adaptations of evolutionary ageing theories offer a compelling lens in which to view both age-related molecular and physiological deterioration. Ageing is commonly associated with progressive declines in biochemical and molecular processes resulting from damage accumulation, yet the role of continued developmental gene activation is less appreciated. Natural selection pressures are at their highest in youthful periods to modify gene expression towards maximising reproductive capacity.

Understanding dementia in minority ethnic communities: The perspectives of key stakeholders interviewed as part of the IDEAL programme.

Future populations of older adults in the UK, those aged 65+, will demonstrate increased diversity in terms of their ethnic identity resultant from the ageing of the post-war migrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Caribbean. As a consequence, there will be an increase in the numbers of older adults from these communities living with age-related chronic diseases such as dementia. In response to these demographic changes, we need to develop a research, policy and practice agenda that is inclusive and provides evidence for the development of culturally diverse and effective models of service delivery.

Exacerbation history and blood eosinophil count prior to diagnosis of COPD and risk of subsequent exacerbations.

Background: Prior exacerbation history is used to guide initial maintenance therapy in COPD; however, the recommendations were derived from patients already diagnosed and treated.

Methods: We assessed the rates of moderate ( treated with antibiotics and/or systemic corticosteroids) and severe ( hospitalised) exacerbations in the year following diagnosis in patients newly diagnosed with COPD according to their prior history of exacerbations, blood eosinophil count (BEC) and whether maintenance therapy was started. Data were extracted from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database.

Proactive integrated consultation-liaison psychiatry and time spent in hospital by older medical inpatients in England (The HOME Study): a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Older people admitted to hospital in an emergency often have prolonged inpatient stays that worsen their outcomes, increase health-care costs, and reduce bed availability. Growing evidence suggests that the biopsychosocial complexity of their problems, which include cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, multiple medical illnesses, and care needs resulting from functional dependency, prolongs hospital stays by making medical treatment less efficient and the planning of post-discharge care more difficult. We aimed to assess the effects of enhancing older inpatients' care with Proactive Integrated Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry (PICLP) in The HOME Study.

Effect of chemotherapeutic agents on natural transformation frequency in Acinetobacter baylyi.

Natural transformation is the ability of a bacterial cell to take up extracellular DNA which is subsequently available for recombination into the chromosome (or maintenance as an extrachromosomal element). Like other mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer, natural transformation is a significant driver for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Recent studies have shown that many pharmaceutical compounds such as antidepressants and anti-inflammatory drugs can upregulate transformation frequency in the model species .

Exploring the everyday impacts and memory intervention needs of people with transient epileptic amnesia: A qualitative study.

People with transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) experience deficits in memory, however, little is known about their everyday experience of this, and no memory intervention studies have been conducted within this group. Using a two-part qualitative method, this study explored the lived experience of people with TEA and possible avenues for memory intervention. Fourteen people with TEA participated in either a focus group ( = 7) or an online survey ( = 7) to answer questions regarding their memory difficulties, impact on their lives, and strategies to mitigate these problems.

BCG vaccination of healthcare workers for protection against COVID-19: 12-month outcomes from an international randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has immunomodulatory effects that may provide protection against unrelated infectious diseases. We aimed to determine whether BCG vaccination protects adults against COVID-19.

Design: Phase III double-blind randomised controlled trial.

Experiences of families post treatment for childhood brain tumours during medical clinic consultations regarding health-related quality of life, unmet needs and communication barriers: A qualitative exploration.

Background: Many studies highlight poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children treated for brain tumours and their parents. However, little is known about the extent to which their informational, healthcare and communication needs regarding HRQoL are met during medical outpatient consultations.

Aim: To explore the experiences of families regarding communication with physicians about HRQoL issues during consultations after treatment for childhood brain tumours.

Exploring the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory potential of probiotic-fermented milk: An in vitro and in silico comprehensive investigation into peptides from milk of different farm animals.

Bioactive peptides produced via enzymatic hydrolysis have been widely investigated for their dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory properties. However, the deficit of studies on fermentation as a means to produce DPP-IV inhibitory peptides prompted us to draw a comparative study on DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generated from cow, camel, goat, and sheep milk using probiotic fermentation. Further, peptide identification, in silico molecular interactions with DPP-IV, and ensemble docking were performed.

Neurovascular coupling methods in healthy individuals using transcranial doppler ultrasonography: A systematic review and consensus agreement.

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the perturbation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to meet varying metabolic demands induced by various levels of neural activity. NVC may be assessed by Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD), using task activation protocols, but with significant methodological heterogeneity between studies, hindering cross-study comparisons. Therefore, this review aimed to summarise and compare available methods for TCD-based healthy NVC assessments.

Exploring How Patients Are Supported to Use Online Services in Primary Care in England Through "Digital Facilitation": Survey Study.

Background: Health service policy in many jurisdictions is driving greater investment into digital primary care services. While some patients and practices may benefit, there are concerns that not all are able or wish to access primary care services online. "Digital facilitation" is the "range of processes, procedures, and personnel seeking to support patients in their uptake and use of online services" and may address such concerns.

Using Organoids to Model Sex Differences in the Human Brain.

Sex differences are widespread during neurodevelopment and play a role in neuropsychiatric conditions such as autism, which is more prevalent in males than females. In humans, males have been shown to have larger brain volumes than females with development of the hippocampus and amygdala showing prominent sex differences. Mechanistically, sex steroids and sex chromosomes drive these differences in brain development, which seem to peak during prenatal and pubertal stages.

Short-term air pollution and greenness exposures on oxidative stress in urban and peri-urban residents in Beijing: A part of AIRLESS study.

Background: Exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased risks of cardiopulmonary diseases, cancer, and mortality, whereas residing near green spaces may reduce the risks. However, limited research explores their combined effect on oxidative stress.

Methods: A total of 251 participants with multi-time measurements were included in the longitudinal-designed study.