Feasibility of a Community-Based Aquatic and Peer Support Intervention for People With Musculoskeletal Disorders Delivered via a Cross-Sector Partnership-A Service Evaluation.

Introduction: Worldwide, the unmet rehabilitation needs of adults with musculoskeletal disorders are high. Aquatic exercise is clinically effective in managing musculoskeletal disorders, but access to rehabilitative services is limited.

Objective: To determine the feasibility of a community-based aquatic exercise and peer support intervention for patients with musculoskeletal disorders delivered via a multisector partnership between an NHS physiotherapy service, a leisure operator and a social enterprise that creates personalised exercise programmes delivered through an application on a tablet computer.

Policy and practice recommendations for services for disabled children during emergencies: Learning from COVID-19.

Aim: To seek consensus on recommendations for the delivery of services to disabled children in England during future emergencies.

Method: Candidate recommendations were drafted based on our related mapping review and qualitative research related to experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Iterative workshops with professionals and parent carers helped to refine the recommendations.

Neuroprotective Actions of Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Compounds in Isolated Bovine Retinae.

We have evidence that hydrogen sulfide (HS)-releasing compounds can reduce intraocular pressure in normotensive and glaucomatous rabbits by increasing the aqueous humor (AH) outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Since HS has been reported to possess neuroprotective actions, the prevention of retinal ganglion cell loss is an important strategy in the pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. Consequently, the present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective actions of HS-releasing compounds against hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative stress in an isolated bovine retina.

Charting the Characteristics of Public Health Approaches to Preventing Violence in Local Communities: A Scoping Review of Operationalised Interventions.

Interpersonal violence is a global driver of significant physical and mental ill health. Violence prevention is now a public health priority, and there have been international calls for the development of public health approaches to address this problem. This systematic scoping review identifies the scope of the literature and characteristics of operationalised public health approaches to prevent violence in communities.

Online Learning for Surgical Skill in Clinical-year Medical Students: a Rapid Review.

Background: Surgical skills are essential competencies in medical education. All doctors registered with the General Medical Council (GMC) are required to perform surgical tasks safely and effectively. There are no reviews specifically investigating the use of online learning in teaching surgical skills for medical students in their clinical years.

Variation in the use of primary care-led investigations prior to a cancer diagnosis: analysis of the National Cancer Diagnosis Audit.

Introduction: Use of investigations can help support the diagnostic process of patients with cancer in primary care, but the size of variation between patient group and between practices is unclear.

Methods: We analysed data on 53 252 patients from 1868 general practices included in the National Cancer Diagnosis Audit 2018 using a sequence of logistic regression models to quantify and explain practice-level variation in investigation use, accounting for patient-level case-mix and practice characteristics. Four types of investigations were considered: any investigation, blood tests, imaging and endoscopy.

Microencapsulation of broccoli sulforaphane using whey and pea protein: dynamic gastrointestinal digestion and intestinal absorption by Caco-2-HT29-MTX-E12 cells.

Sulforaphane, an organosulfur phytochemical, has been demonstrated to have significant anticancer potential in both and studies, exhibiting mechanisms of action that include inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and modulating key signalling pathways involved in cancer development. However, its instability presents a major obstacle to its clinical application due to its limited bioavailability. This study aimed to improve the stability and thus the bioavailability of sulforaphane from broccoli by microencapsulation with whey (BW) and pea protein (BP) by freeze-drying.

Treatment switch from multiple daily insulin injections to sulphonylureas in an African young adult diagnosed with HNF1A MODY: a case report.

Background: Maturity onset diabetes of the young is one of the commonest causes of monogenic diabetes and can easily be mistaken for type 1 diabetes. A diagnosis of maturity onset diabetes of the young can have direct implications for genetic counseling, family screening, and precision diabetes treatment. However, the cost of genetic testing and identifying individuals to test are the main challenges for diagnosis and management in sub-Saharan Africa.

Does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy with tapering support reduce risk of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder by enhancing positive affect? A secondary analysis of the PREVENT trial.

Objective: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a viable alternative to maintenance antidepressant medication (M-ADM) to reduce risk of relapse/recurrence (RR) in recurrent depression, but its mechanism of action is not yet fully articulated. This secondary analysis of the PREVENT trial examined if MBCT with support to taper medication (MBCT-TS) reduces risk of RR in part by enhancing positive affect (PA).

Method: In a single-blind, parallel, group randomized controlled trial, adults with ≥3 prior depressive episodes, but not currently in episode and who were taking M-ADM, were randomized to receive either MBCT-TS or ongoing maintenance M-ADM.

Piloting a community health and well-being worker model in Cornwall: a guide for implementation and spread.

Background: This paper evaluates the introduction of ten Community Health and Well-being Workers (CHWW) in four pilot sites across Cornwall. The period evaluated was from the initial start in June 2022 until June 2023, covering the project setup and implementation across a range of Primary Care Networks (PCNs) and Voluntary sector partners (VSCO).

Methods: All ten CHWWs and their managers at each site were interviewed (n = 16) to understand the barriers and enablers to implementation and wider learning that could be captured around the project setup.

Mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donor reduces atherogenesis by changing macrophage phenotypes and increasing UCP1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western countries. Mounting evidence points to the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recently, it has been shown that mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide (HS) can complement the bioenergetic role of Krebs cycle leading to improved mitochondrial function.

Effects of low and high dietary nitrate intake on human saliva, plasma and skeletal muscle nitrate and nitrite concentrations and their functional consequences.

Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP), improve exercise performance, and alter the oral microbiome. Following a "control" diet (CON), we manipulated dietary NO intake to examine the effect of a short-term (7-day) low NO diet (LOW) followed by a 3-day high NO diet (HIGH), compared to a 7-day standard (STD) NO diet followed by HIGH, on saliva, plasma, and muscle [NO] and nitrite ([NO]), BP, and cycling exercise performance in healthy young adults. We also examined the effect of LOW on the oral microbiome.

Sustained effect of prasinezumab on Parkinson's disease motor progression in the open-label extension of the PASADENA trial.

The Phase II trial of Anti-alpha-Synuclein Antibody in Early Parkinson's Disease (PASADENA) is an ongoing double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of prasinezumab in early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD). During the double-blind period, prasinezumab-treated individuals showed less progression of motor signs (Movement Disorders Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III) than placebo-treated individuals. We evaluated whether the effect of prasinezumab on motor progression, assessed as a change in MDS-UPDRS Part III score in the OFF and ON states, and MDS-UPDRS Part II score, was sustained for 4 years from the start of the trial.

Random C-Peptide and Islet Antibodies at Onset Predict β Cell Function Trajectory and Insulin Dependence in Pediatric Diabetes.

Objective: Identification of prognostic biomarkers in pediatric diabetes is important for precision medicine. We assessed whether C-peptide and islet autoantibodies are useful to predict the natural history of children with new-onset diabetes.

Methods: We prospectively studied 72 children with new-onset diabetes (median follow-up: 8 months) by applying the Aβ classification system ("A+": islet autoantibody positive, "β+": random serum C-peptide ≥1.

The common VTE-protective G haplotype of F5 increases factor V-short, TFPI function, and risk of bleeding.

The G haplotype is a group of co-inherited single nucleotide variants in the F5 gene that reduce venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. Although 7% of the population is homozygous for the G haplotype (F5-G/G), the underlying mechanism of VTE protection is poorly understood. Using RNA sequencing data from 4651 blood donors in the INTERVAL study, we detected a rare excision event at the factor V (FV)-short splice sites in 5% of F5-G/Gs carriers as compared with 2.