Effects of berries (blueberries, cranberries and bilberries) on oxidative stress, inflammation, exercise performance, and recovery - a systematic review.

Exercise-induced muscle damage is common in athletes and recreational exercisers and can lead to muscle soreness, weakness, and impaired muscle function. The precise mechanisms are unclear but oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to play a role. (Poly)phenols are substances abundant in berries that have been suggested to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could help improve exercise performance and/or recovery from exercise.

Making a HIIT: Methods for quantifying intensity in high-intensity interval training in schools and validity of session rating of perceived exertion.

Using the data from , this paper aimed to: 1) investigate the different heart rate (HR) quantification methods reported in school-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) studies; and 2) assess the criterion validity of session rating of perceived exertion (RPE). During an 8-week HIIT intervention, 213 students (13.1 (0.

Impact of pre-biologic impairment on meeting domain-specific biologic responder definitions in patients with severe asthma.

Background: There is little agreement on clinically useful criteria for identifying real-world responders to biologic treatments for asthma.

Objective: To investigate the impact of pre-biologic impairment on meeting domain-specific biologic responder definitions in adults with severe asthma.

Methods: This was a longitudinal, cohort study across 22 countries participating in the International Severe Asthma Registry (https://isaregistries.

Risk Factors for Young-Onset Dementia in the UK Biobank.

Importance: There is limited information on modifiable risk factors for young-onset dementia (YOD).

Objective: To examine factors that are associated with the incidence of YOD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study used data from the UK Biobank, with baseline assessment between 2006 and 2010 and follow-up until March 31, 2021, for England and Scotland, and February 28, 2018, for Wales.

Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet Alters the Oral Microbiome without Negating the Nitrite Response to Beetroot Juice Supplementation.

A low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet in athletes increases fat oxidation but impairs sports performance, potentially due to impaired exercise economy. Dietary nitrate supplementation can improve exercise economy via an increase in nitric oxide production, which is initiated by the reduction of nitrate to nitrite within the oral cavity. This reaction is dependent on the presence of nitrate-reducing oral bacteria, which can potentially be altered by dietary changes, including a LCHF diet.

Development and application of simulation modelling for orthopaedic elective resource planning in England.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a simulation model to support orthopaedic elective capacity planning.

Methods: An open-source, generalisable discrete-event simulation was developed, including a web-based application. The model used anonymised patient records between 2016 and 2019 of elective orthopaedic procedures from a National Health Service (NHS) Trust in England.

"It helps me to stay on the right path, rather than give in": Mixed-method process evaluation of the ImpulsePal app-based intervention for weight management.

Background: Empirical research indicates that impulsive processes that operate below conscious monitoring can undermine peoples' attempts to change behaviour patterns, especially those that have become habitual. This may, therefore, be a serious challenge for those trying to lose weight. A novel smartphone app-based intervention (ImpulsePal) offers practical strategies to manage impulsive urges to facilitate reductions in the consumption of energy-dense processed food and overeating.

Machine learning and machine teaching in histopathology.

An artificial intelligence (AI) platform was trained by a consultant histopathologist to classify whole slide images (WSIs) of large bowel biopsies. Six medical students viewed WSIs of five large bowel biopsy cases and assigned the WSIs to one of the nine diagnostic categories. Then the students compared their answers with those generated by the AI.

Localisation of nitrate-reducing and highly abundant microbial communities in the oral cavity.

The nitrate (NO3-) reducing bacteria resident in the oral cavity have been implicated as key mediators of nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis and human health. NO3--reducing oral bacteria reduce inorganic dietary NO3- to nitrite (NO2-) via the NO3--NO2--NO pathway. Studies of oral NO3--reducing bacteria have typically sampled from either the tongue surface or saliva.

Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Africa: A review of the literature.

During the last two decades, an epidemic of a severe form of chronic kidney disease (CKD) unrelated to traditional risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) has been recognized in low- to middle-income countries. CKD of unknown aetiology (CKDu) mainly affects young working-age adults, and has become as an important and devastating public health issue. CKDu is a multifactorial disease with associated genetic and environmental risk factors.

Marine Protected Area Expansion and Country-Level Age-Standardized Adult Mortality.

Many countries have adopted targets to increase marine protected areas (MPAs) to limit the degradation of water bodies. Although there is evidence that MPAs can conserve marine life and promote biodiversity, there are limited data on the human health implications of MPAs. Using panel data from 1990, 2000, and 2014, we estimated the country-level associations between MPAs (i.

Effects of physical activity and sedentary time on depression, anxiety and well-being: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: Mental health conditions represent one of the major groups of non-transmissible diseases. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) have been shown to affect mental health outcomes in opposite directions. In this study, we use accelerometery-derived measures of PA and ST from the UK Biobank (UKB) and depression, anxiety and well-being data from the UKB mental health questionnaire as well as published summary statistics to explore the causal associations between these phenotypes.

Improving the outcomes for people with diabetes undergoing surgery: An observational study of the Improving the Peri-operative Pathway of People with Diabetes (IP3D) intervention.

Aims: We evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention to improve the care of people with diabetes undergoing surgery when implemented across multiple organisations.

Methods: This was an observational study using routinely collected data. Eight hospitals in England implemented the Improving the Peri-operative Pathway of People with Diabetes (IP3D) intervention, with pre-implementation data collected from 1st February to 31st July 2019 and post-implementation data collection within the period 1st February to 31st October 2021.

Causal Association Between Subtypes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), experienced in 10% to 20% of the population, has been associated with cardiovascular disease and death. However, the condition is heterogeneous and is prevalent in individuals having short and long sleep duration. We sought to clarify the relationship between sleep duration subtypes of EDS with cardiovascular outcomes, accounting for these subtypes.

Post-acute COVID-19 complications in UK doctors: results of a cross-sectional survey.

Background: As a consequence of their occupation, doctors and other healthcare workers were at higher risk of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and more likely to experience severe disease compared to the general population. However, systematic information on post-acute COVID complications in doctors is very limited.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the symptoms, perceived determinants, health and occupational impact, and consequent needs relating to post-acute COVID complications in UK doctors.

The discovery of a data-driven causal diagram of sport participation in children and adolescents with heart disease: a pilot study.

The interventions aimed at improving the levels of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents diagnosed with heart disease did not produce the expected outcomes. Safe participation in sport activities proposed based on actual recommendations could be a solution to promote PA in this population. The aims of this study were to discover a causal diagram of sport participation in children and youth with heart disease and establish the factors that affect and are affected thereof through the use of questionnaires.