Factors influencing effective data sharing between health care and social care regarding the care of older people: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: Sharing data about patients between health and social care organisations and professionals, such as details of their medication, is essential to provide co-ordinated and person-centred care. While professionals can share data in a number of ways - for example, through shared electronic record systems or multidisciplinary team meetings - there are many factors that make sharing data across the health and social care boundary difficult. These include professional hierarchies, inaccessible electronic systems and concerns around confidentiality.

Integrating human endogenous retroviruses into transcriptome-wide association studies highlights novel risk factors for major psychiatric conditions.

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are repetitive elements previously implicated in major psychiatric conditions, but their role in aetiology remains unclear. Here, we perform specialised transcriptome-wide association studies that consider HERV expression quantified to precise genomic locations, using RNA sequencing and genetic data from 792 post-mortem brain samples. In Europeans, we identify 1238 HERVs with expression regulated in cis, of which 26 represent expression signals associated with psychiatric disorders, with ten being conditionally independent from neighbouring expression signals.

Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination to prevent febrile and respiratory illness in adults (BRACE): secondary outcomes of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial.

Background: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination has off-target (non-specific) effects that are associated with protection against unrelated infections and decreased all-cause mortality in infants. We aimed to determine whether BCG vaccination prevents febrile and respiratory infections in adults.

Methods: This randomised controlled phase 3 trial was done in 36 healthcare centres in Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

Outcomes of patients with COPD switching from multiple-inhaler to once-daily single-inhaler triple therapy in a real-world primary care setting in England: a retrospective pre-post cohort study.

Background: Compared with multiple-inhaler triple therapy (MITT), single-inhaler triple therapy (SITT) with fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) demonstrated improved lung function and meaningful improvements in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Assessment Test score. This real-world study compared the effectiveness of switching patients with COPD in England from MITT to once-daily SITT with FF/UMEC/VI by evaluating rates of COPD exacerbation, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and associated direct medical costs.

Methods: Retrospective cohort pre-post study using linked primary care electronic health record and secondary care administrative datasets.

Temporal dynamics of drinking water sodium levels in coastal areas, Cyprus 2009-2020.

Around the world, groundwater salinity levels are increasing in coastal areas, as a result of its systematic overexploitation for domestic, agricultural and industrial demand and potentially due to climate change manifestations (such as, sea level rise). We hypothesized that the groundwater quality of many Mediterranean coastal areas is already being perturbed, especially for water salinity, depending on the groundwater distance from the seafront. The objectives of this study were: i) to evaluate the magnitude and temporal variance of drinking water sodium (Na) as a metric of salt intake used for public health purposes using drinking water data in Cyprus; and ii) to examine the degree of Na enrichment in drinking water as defined by the seawater coastline distance of each sampling point.

Inflation and health: a global scoping review.

High levels of economic inflation can adversely affect societies and individuals in many ways. Although numerous studies explore the health implications of macroeconomic factors, systematic investigation of the inflation-health nexus has been scarce. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review mapping the literature on inflation and health.

Bioaccumulation and biological effects of hydrogenated cement particles in the marine bivalve, Mytilusgalloprovincialis.

The decommissioning and normal functioning of nuclear facilities can result in the production and release of airborne particles in the environment. Aquatic biota are expected to be exposed to these particles considering that nuclear facilities are often located near water bodies. Aerosols, such as cement dust, can interact with radionuclides as well as with heavy metals, and therefore elicit not only radiological impacts but also chemical toxicity.

CNTN4 modulates neural elongation through interplay with APP.

The neuronal cell adhesion molecule contactin-4 () is genetically associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other psychiatric disorders. -deficient mouse models have previously shown that CNTN4 plays important roles in axon guidance and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. However, the pathogenesis and functional role of CNTN4 in the cortex has not yet been investigated.

Long-term health conditions and UK labour market outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Long-term health conditions can affect labour market outcomes. COVID-19 may have increased labour market inequalities, e.g.

Breast cancer risk assessment for prescription of menopausal hormone therapy in women with a family history of breast cancer: an epidemiological modelling study.

Background: Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) can alleviate menopausal symptoms but has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. MHT prescription should be preceded by individualised risk/benefit evaluation; however, data outlining the impact of family history alongside different MHT therapeutic approaches are lacking.

Aim: To quantify the risks associated with MHT use in women with varying breast cancer family histories of developing and dying from breast cancer.

The hidden work of general practitioners: An ethnography.

High quality primary care is a foundational element of effective health services. Internationally, primary care physicians (general practitioners (GPs), family doctors) are experiencing significant workload pressures. How non-patient-facing work contributes to these pressures and what constitutes this work is poorly understood and often unrecognised and undervalued by patients, policy makers, and even clinicians engaged in it.

Temporal changes in temperature-related mortality in relation to the establishment of the heat-health alert system in Victoria, Australia.

Extreme heat alerts are the most common form of weather forecasting services used in Australia, yet very limited studies have documented their effectiveness in improving health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the temporal changes in temperature-related mortality in relation to the activation of the heat-health alert and response system (HARS) in the State of Victoria, Australia. We examined the relationship between temperatures and mortality using quasi-Poisson regression and the distributed lag non-linear model (dlnm) and compared the temperature-mortality association between the two periods: period 1- prior-HARS (1992-2009) and period 2- post-HARS (2010-2019).

Relationships between nitric oxide biomarkers and physiological outcomes following dietary nitrate supplementation.

Dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation can increase nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve muscle contractile function in humans. Plasma nitrite concentration (plasma [NO]) is the most oft-used biomarker of NO bioavailability. However, it is unclear which of several NO biomarkers (NO, NO, S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs)) in plasma, whole blood (WB), red blood cells (RBC) and skeletal muscle correlate with the physiological effects of acute and chronic dietary NO supplementation.

Adapting the EQ-5D-3L for adults with mild to moderate learning disabilities.

Background: Approximately 1.5 million adults in the UK have a learning disability. The difference between age at death for this group and the general population is 26 years for females and 22 years for males.

Was it a HIIT? A process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention.

Background: Despite a growing body of research investigating high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools, there are limited process evaluations investigating their implementation. This is concerning because process evaluations are important for appropriately interpreting outcome findings and augmenting intervention design. This manuscript presents a process evaluation of Making a HIIT, a school-based HIIT intervention.

Practical considerations for continuous glucose monitoring in elite athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A narrative review.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) refers to a metabolic condition where a lack of insulin impairs the usual homeostatic mechanisms to control blood glucose levels. Historically, participation in competitive sport has posed a challenge for those with T1DM, where the dynamic changes in blood glucose during exercise can result in dangerously high (hyperglycaemia) or low blood glucoses (hypoglycaemia) levels. Over the last decade, research and technological development has enhanced the methods of monitoring and managing blood glucose levels, thus reducing the chances of experiencing hyper- or hypoglycaemia during exercise.

Treatment Effect Waning Assumptions: A Review of National Institute of Health and Care Excellence Technology Appraisals.

Objectives: This study aims to review the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) technology assessments to gain insights into the implementation of treatment effect (TE) waning, whereby the hazard or survival in an assessed technology converges to that of the comparator. This analysis aims to contribute to inform future guidance in this area.

Methods: Technology appraisals published October 20, 2021 to September 20, 2023 were reviewed and data extracted on TE waning circumstances, methods, and rationale to compile a database based on 3 research questions: When are TE waning assumptions used? What methods are used? Why have the company/Evidence Assessment Group/committee preferred these methods?

Results: Both the evidence assessment group/company and the committee included TE waning assumptions in 28 appraisals.

Why are medical students so motivated to learn ultrasound skills? A qualitative study.

Background: The introduction of ultrasound (US) courses into medical undergraduate courses is usually met with a particularly high level of student motivation. The reasons for this are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that contribute to undergraduate medical students' motivation to learn US skills.