Breast cancer in Bulgaria prior implementation of a national breast cancer screening program and certified breast centers.

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) survival has improved globally in the past years. Eastern Europe is a region with lack of epidemiological data and traditionally lower BC overall survival (OS). We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of BC in Bulgaria between 2012 and 2022 and the readiness of the state for implementing population based organized screening program.

The association of demographic, psychological, social and activity factors with foot health in people with plantar heel pain.

Background: Plantar Heel Pain (PHP) can be a debilitating musculoskeletal condition from which only 50% recover within a year due to poor understanding of the mechanisms explaining severity and predicting outcomes specific to PHP.

Objective: To explore associations between biopsychosocial variables and the severity of people with PHP. Secondly, to determine what combination of self-reported factors distinguishes people with PHP from other foot pain (OFP).

Research Priorities for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response: An Interdisciplinary Delphi Study.

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a multisensory experience most often associated with feelings of relaxation and altered consciousness, elicited by stimuli which include whispering, repetitive movements, and close personal attention. Since 2015, ASMR research has grown rapidly, spanning disciplines from neuroscience to media studies but lacking a collaborative or interdisciplinary approach. To build a cohesive and connected structure for ASMR research moving forwards, a modified Delphi study was conducted with ASMR experts, practitioners, community members, and researchers from various disciplines.

A novel deep neural network structure for software fault prediction.

Software fault prediction is crucial to compute the potential occurrence of faults within the software components, before code testing or execution. Machine learning, especially deep learning, has been applied to predict faults, but both encounter challenges such as insufficient accuracy, imbalanced data, overfitting, and complex structure. Moreover, deep learning yields superior predictions when working with large datasets.

Does sleep help children to generalise features like adults?

Children and adults have been shown to benefit from sleep with regard to the consolidation of declarative memories. Especially during childhood, the generalisation of information from social and non-social contexts is important for adaptable behaviour in new situations and might show specific features in children. Here, we investigated whether adults (n = 18) and children (n = 19) differ in their generalisation of features assessed in wake and sleep conditions.

Lived experience consultants to a child sexual abuse inquiry: Survivor epistemology as a counterweight to legal and administrative proceduralism.

Background: The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA) in England and Wales was the first major child abuse inquiry internationally to appoint survivors to a formal role. The appointment of the Victims and Survivors Consultative Panel (VSCP) reflects growing recognition of the value of lived experience expertise and a broader shift in the policy domain towards public involvement and co-design.

Objective: This article draws on research that sought to understand both the experiences of a group of victims and survivors with related professional expertise consulting to a public inquiry, and the impact they had on the operation of the inquiry.

Explaining reproductive health inequalities among people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-narrative review protocol.

Introduction: People with intellectual disabilities experience health inequalities at a greater level than their non-disabled peers. Notably, while general health status is starting to receive some attention, the reproductive health and rights of people with intellectual disabilities continue to be understudied from a policy and research perspective. The objective of this review is to elucidate the complex interplay between individual, social and structural factors that influence reproductive health outcomes for this population.

Sex-based differences in swimming performance in 10-years-old-and-under athletes in short course national competition.

The need for sex-segregated youth swimming is debated. A previous report indicates that male swimmers aged 10-and-under are 1%-2% faster than females in long course freestyle, butterfly, backstroke, and individual medley (IM), but not breaststroke events. Another report indicates that at age 10 males are 1%-2.

Caregiver or Playmate? Fathers' and mothers' brain responses to ball-play with children.

Parents and children often engage in joint play-a domain where mothers and fathers are thought to exhibit disparate behaviors and impact child development via distinct mechanisms. However, little is known about the neural substrates of mother-child and father-child play. In this fMRI study, we sampled the brain activation of parents of preschoolers (N = 88) during a novel event-related adaptation of the virtual ball-tossing game "Cyberball.

A horizon scan of biological conservation issues for 2025.

We discuss the outcomes of our 16th horizon scan of issues that are novel or represent a considerable step-change and have the potential to substantially affect conservation of biological diversity in the coming decade. From an initial 96 topics, our international panel of 32 scientists and practitioners prioritised 15 issues. Technological advances are prominent, including metal and non-metal organic frameworks, deriving rare earth elements from macroalgae, synthetic gene drives in plants, and low-emission cement.

The effect of target scarcity on visual foraging.

Previous studies have investigated the effect of target prevalence in combination with the effect of explicit target value on human visual foraging strategies, though the conclusions have been mixed. Some find that individuals have a bias towards high-value targets even when these targets are scarcer, while other studies find that this bias disappears when those targets are scarcer. In this study, we tested for a bias for scarce targets using standard feature versus conjunction visual foraging tasks, without an explicit value being given.

"I don't care about my mental health because I have a physical disability": A qualitative study on the mental healthcare-seeking behaviours of people with disabilities in Bangladesh.

In Bangladesh, people living with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups, as they receive little or no assistance. They face numerous challenges regarding financial, social, and access to basic education and healthcare, which contribute to experiences of distress and mental health issues. However, there is limited research on the mental health needs of people with disabilities and the accessibility of mental health services in Bangladesh.

An FMRI meta-analysis of interoception in eating disorders.

Eating Disorders (EDs) are associated with disturbed interoception - the sense of the internal condition of the body. Disturbances in interoception across senses have not yet been comprehensively examined in EDs. To do so, we employed an innovative Bayesian author-topic model approach to fMRI meta-analyses that pools together neural deficits across interoceptive senses and task types in participants with and recovered from EDs.

The effects of literacy on health in Gypsies, Roma and Travellers (GRT): a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Introduction: Gypsies, Roma and Travellers (GRT) frequently experience poorer health outcomes than the general population and represent the most socially and economically disadvantaged individuals in many countries. In general, GRT in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries have lower rates of literacy than the general population. Although 'health literacy' has been examined before, the link between low functional literacy and its effects on health has not yet been explored.

Do environmental, social, and governance standards improve the bargaining power of bidders? An empirical investigation.

Drawing from the bargaining power hypothesis, we investigate the impact of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards on takeover premiums in the international takeover market. Using an international sample of 8336 mergers and acquisitions from 26 bidder countries between 2003 and 2021, we find that bidders with higher pre-deal ESG standards - ESG champions - pay lower premiums to win the bid auction, suggesting that better engagement of stakeholders provides higher bargaining power to ESG champions. Contrary to the stylized fact that bidders destroy shareholder value in mergers and acquisitions, the results show that all bidders are not the same, and those with higher ESG standards enjoy takeover benefits.

The Iatrogenic Consequences of Medicalising Grief: Resetting the Research Agenda.

When the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was published in 2013, there was a firestorm of controversy about the elimination of the bereavement exclusion. Proponents of this change and of the proposed "complicated grief" designation believed that this change would help clinicians recognise major depression in the context of recent bereavement. Other researchers and clinicians have raised concerns about medicalising grief.

Forgotten older people: health system debt.

The exercise of all human rights is inherent to all persons, which must be guaranteed by the States regardless of the characteristics of all persons, such as age, gender, sexual preferences, ethnic origin, nationality or migratory status. This document presents a reflection on the discrimination that older people face not only because they are older (ageism), but also because of other characteristics that place them in a situation of greater vulnerability and discrimination, such as belonging to the LGBT+ community, being in prisons or having HIV. It urges reflection on the role and sensitivity with which public institutions, mainly health institutions, must have to guarantee a fundamental right such as health, not only in the physical aspect but also in the mental one.

Combining Real-Time Neuroimaging With Machine Learning to Study Attention to Familiar Faces During Infancy: A Proof of Principle Study.

Looking at caregivers' faces is important for early social development, and there is a concomitant increase in neural correlates of attention to familiar versus novel faces in the first 6 months. However, by 12 months of age brain responses may not differentiate between familiar and unfamiliar faces. Traditional group-based analyses do not examine whether these 'null' findings stem from a true lack of preference within individual infants, or whether groups of infants show individually strong but heterogeneous preferences for familiar versus unfamiliar faces.

The characteristics of formula milk marketing on health system: a qualitative study from Beijing and Jinan in China.

Background: Breastmilk is widely regarded as the healthiest choice for both infants and mothers due to its numerous advantages over formula, such as higher concentrations of essential nutrients and antibodies, easier digestion, and superior taste. The World Health Organization International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes was adopted over 40 years ago to mitigate the effects of infant formula marketing on a woman's decision to breastfeed. Yet, the commercial formula milk industry has continued to market their products aggressively and through an increasing variety of social media channels.

Bumblebee social learning outcomes correlate with their flower-facing behaviour.

Previous studies suggest that social learning in bumblebees can occur through second-order conditioning, with conspecifics functioning as first-order reinforcers. However, the behavioural mechanisms underlying bumblebees' acquisition of socially learned associations remain largely unexplored. Investigating these mechanisms requires detailed quantification and analysis of the observation process.

Psychological Mediators of the Association between Obesity and Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress.

Introduction: There is still paucity of knowledge about which factors can mediate the link between obesity and mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate psychological mediators of the association between different weight profiles (healthy, overweight, and obesity) and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Methods: A sample of 407 adults (≥18 years old) with different weight profiles recruited from general population was assessed for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, and dimensions of emotion regulation and body investment/body image.